Health Outcomes of Exposure to Biological and Chemical Components of Inhalable and Respirable Particulate Matter
Particulate matter (PM) is a key indicator of air pollution and a significant risk factor for adverse health outcomes in humans. PM is not a self-contained pollutant but a mixture of different compounds including chemical and biological fractions. While several reviews have focused on the chemical c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2016-06, Vol.13 (6), p.592 |
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| creator | Morakinyo, Oyewale Mayowa Mokgobu, Matlou Ingrid Mukhola, Murembiwa Stanley Hunter, Raymond Paul |
| description | Particulate matter (PM) is a key indicator of air pollution and a significant risk factor for adverse health outcomes in humans. PM is not a self-contained pollutant but a mixture of different compounds including chemical and biological fractions. While several reviews have focused on the chemical components of PM and associated health effects, there is a dearth of review studies that holistically examine the role of biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM in disease causation. A literature search using various search engines and (or) keywords was done. Articles selected for review were chosen following predefined criteria, to extract and analyze data. The results show that the biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM play a significant role in the burden of health effects attributed to PM. These health outcomes include low birth weight, emergency room visit, hospital admission, respiratory and pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, non-communicable diseases, and premature death, among others. This review justifies the importance of each or synergistic effects of the biological and chemical constituents of PM on health. It also provides information that informs policy on the establishment of exposure limits for PM composition metrics rather than the existing exposure limits of the total mass of PM. This will allow for more effective management strategies for improving outdoor air quality. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph13060592 |
| format | Article |
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PM is not a self-contained pollutant but a mixture of different compounds including chemical and biological fractions. While several reviews have focused on the chemical components of PM and associated health effects, there is a dearth of review studies that holistically examine the role of biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM in disease causation. A literature search using various search engines and (or) keywords was done. Articles selected for review were chosen following predefined criteria, to extract and analyze data. The results show that the biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM play a significant role in the burden of health effects attributed to PM. These health outcomes include low birth weight, emergency room visit, hospital admission, respiratory and pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, non-communicable diseases, and premature death, among others. This review justifies the importance of each or synergistic effects of the biological and chemical constituents of PM on health. It also provides information that informs policy on the establishment of exposure limits for PM composition metrics rather than the existing exposure limits of the total mass of PM. This will allow for more effective management strategies for improving outdoor air quality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060592</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27314370</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Air Pollutants - toxicity ; Air pollution ; Air Pollution - adverse effects ; Air quality ; Airborne particulates ; Biological effects ; Birth weight ; Cancer ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Causation ; Chemical compounds ; Data processing ; Dust ; Emergency medical services ; Environmental risk ; Exposure ; Exposure limits ; Hazardous Substances - toxicity ; Health risks ; Humans ; Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects ; Low birth weight ; Lung cancer ; Lung diseases ; Mortality ; Organic chemistry ; Outdoor air quality ; Particulate emissions ; Particulate matter ; Particulate Matter - toxicity ; Particulates ; Pollutants ; Review ; Reviews ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Synergistic effect</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2016-06, Vol.13 (6), p.592</ispartof><rights>2016. 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PM is not a self-contained pollutant but a mixture of different compounds including chemical and biological fractions. While several reviews have focused on the chemical components of PM and associated health effects, there is a dearth of review studies that holistically examine the role of biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM in disease causation. A literature search using various search engines and (or) keywords was done. Articles selected for review were chosen following predefined criteria, to extract and analyze data. The results show that the biological and chemical components of inhalable and respirable PM play a significant role in the burden of health effects attributed to PM. These health outcomes include low birth weight, emergency room visit, hospital admission, respiratory and pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, non-communicable diseases, and premature death, among others. This review justifies the importance of each or synergistic effects of the biological and chemical constituents of PM on health. It also provides information that informs policy on the establishment of exposure limits for PM composition metrics rather than the existing exposure limits of the total mass of PM. This will allow for more effective management strategies for improving outdoor air quality.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>27314370</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph13060592</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2016-06, Vol.13 (6), p.592 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Air Pollutants - toxicity Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Air quality Airborne particulates Biological effects Birth weight Cancer Cardiovascular diseases Causation Chemical compounds Data processing Dust Emergency medical services Environmental risk Exposure Exposure limits Hazardous Substances - toxicity Health risks Humans Inhalation Exposure - adverse effects Low birth weight Lung cancer Lung diseases Mortality Organic chemistry Outdoor air quality Particulate emissions Particulate matter Particulate Matter - toxicity Particulates Pollutants Review Reviews Risk analysis Risk factors Synergistic effect |
| title | Health Outcomes of Exposure to Biological and Chemical Components of Inhalable and Respirable Particulate Matter |
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