Central Hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers
BACKGROUND: Primary hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs. In contrast, central hypothyroidism is rare in this species. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to describe the occurrence and clinical presentation of central hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. Additionally, the p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of veterinary internal medicine 2016-01, Vol.30 (1), p.85-91 |
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| creator | Voorbij, Annemarie M.W.Y. Leegwater, Peter A.J. Buijtels, Jenny J.C.W.M. Daminet, Sylvie Kooistra, Hans S. |
| description | BACKGROUND: Primary hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs. In contrast, central hypothyroidism is rare in this species. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to describe the occurrence and clinical presentation of central hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. Additionally, the possible role of the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH)‐releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) gene and the TSHβ (TSHB) gene was investigated. ANIMALS: Miniature Schnauzers with proven central hypothyroidism, based on scintigraphy, and the results of a 3‐day‐TSH‐stimulation test, or a TSH‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐stimulation test or both, presented to the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals at Utrecht University or the Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals at Ghent University from 2008 to 2012. METHODS: Retrospective study. Pituitary function tests, thyroid scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary area were performed. Gene fragments of affected dogs and controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences of the products were analyzed. RESULTS: Central hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 7 Miniature Schnauzers. Three dogs had disproportionate dwarfism and at least one of them had a combined deficiency of TSH and prolactin. No disease‐causing mutations were found in the TSHB gene and the exons of the TRHR gene of these Schnauzers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Central hypothyroidism could be underdiagnosed in Miniature Schnauzers with hypothyroidism, especially in those of normal stature. The fact that this rare disorder occurred in 7 dogs from the same breed suggests that central hypothyroidism could have a genetic background in Miniature Schnauzers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jvim.13818 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4913645</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1760921017</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4778-6010a95363867c385eb5007d6202111d581d7b0d1aabf2d8184da052d4f72e5c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkclOwzAURS0EgjJs-ADoEiGlvGfHQzZIqGIUiAXD1nJjhxplKHYDKl9PIIBgA968hc87uvYlZBthhN05eHz21QiZQrVEBpixLEEhxTIZgMowESKFNbIe4yMA5ZzLVbJGhcgEy9IBGY1dPQ-mHJ4tZs18ugiNtz5WQ18Pr3ztzbwNbniTT2vTvroQN8lKYcrotj7nBrk7Ob4dnyWX16fn46PLJE-lVIkABJNxJpgSMmeKuwkHkFZQoF1iyxVaOQGLxkwKarvkqTXAqU0LSR3P2QY57L2zdlI5m_ch9Sz4yoSFbozXv29qP9UPzbNOM2Qi5Z1g71MQmqfWxbmufMxdWZraNW3UqICh4CjU_6gUkFEElB2636N5aGIMrvhOhKDfu9DvXeiPLjp45-cbvtGvz-8A7IEXX7rFHyp9cX9-9SXd7XcK02jzEHzUdzcUUAAgR8pT9gaXD5zB</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1760921017</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Central Hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Open Access</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Voorbij, Annemarie M.W.Y. ; Leegwater, Peter A.J. ; Buijtels, Jenny J.C.W.M. ; Daminet, Sylvie ; Kooistra, Hans S.</creator><creatorcontrib>Voorbij, Annemarie M.W.Y. ; Leegwater, Peter A.J. ; Buijtels, Jenny J.C.W.M. ; Daminet, Sylvie ; Kooistra, Hans S.</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND: Primary hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs. In contrast, central hypothyroidism is rare in this species. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to describe the occurrence and clinical presentation of central hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. Additionally, the possible role of the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH)‐releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) gene and the TSHβ (TSHB) gene was investigated. ANIMALS: Miniature Schnauzers with proven central hypothyroidism, based on scintigraphy, and the results of a 3‐day‐TSH‐stimulation test, or a TSH‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐stimulation test or both, presented to the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals at Utrecht University or the Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals at Ghent University from 2008 to 2012. METHODS: Retrospective study. Pituitary function tests, thyroid scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary area were performed. Gene fragments of affected dogs and controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences of the products were analyzed. RESULTS: Central hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 7 Miniature Schnauzers. Three dogs had disproportionate dwarfism and at least one of them had a combined deficiency of TSH and prolactin. No disease‐causing mutations were found in the TSHB gene and the exons of the TRHR gene of these Schnauzers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Central hypothyroidism could be underdiagnosed in Miniature Schnauzers with hypothyroidism, especially in those of normal stature. The fact that this rare disorder occurred in 7 dogs from the same breed suggests that central hypothyroidism could have a genetic background in Miniature Schnauzers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0891-6640</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13818</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26696394</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: J.B. Lippincott</publisher><subject>Animals ; Base Sequence ; Canine ; Case-Control Studies ; computed tomography ; Disproportionate dwarfism ; DNA ; DNA - genetics ; Dog Diseases - drug therapy ; Dog Diseases - genetics ; Dogs ; Dwarfism ; exons ; Female ; genetic background ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; hormone receptors ; Humans ; hypothyroidism ; Hypothyroidism - drug therapy ; Hypothyroidism - genetics ; Hypothyroidism - veterinary ; Male ; medicine ; mutation ; Netherlands ; Pedigree ; pets ; Pituitary ; polymerase chain reaction ; prolactin ; rare species ; Recombinant Proteins ; retrospective studies ; scintigraphy ; SMALL ANIMAL ; Thyroid Gland - pathology ; thyrotropin ; Thyrotropin - administration & dosage ; Thyrotropin - pharmacology ; Thyrotropin, beta Subunit - genetics ; Thyrotropin, beta Subunit - metabolism ; thyrotropin-releasing hormone ; Thyroxine - blood ; Thyroxine - therapeutic use ; TRHR gene ; TSHB gene</subject><ispartof>Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2016-01, Vol.30 (1), p.85-91</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4778-6010a95363867c385eb5007d6202111d581d7b0d1aabf2d8184da052d4f72e5c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4778-6010a95363867c385eb5007d6202111d581d7b0d1aabf2d8184da052d4f72e5c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913645/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913645/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,1411,11543,27903,27904,45553,45554,46030,46454,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26696394$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Voorbij, Annemarie M.W.Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leegwater, Peter A.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buijtels, Jenny J.C.W.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daminet, Sylvie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kooistra, Hans S.</creatorcontrib><title>Central Hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers</title><title>Journal of veterinary internal medicine</title><addtitle>J Vet Intern Med</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND: Primary hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs. In contrast, central hypothyroidism is rare in this species. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to describe the occurrence and clinical presentation of central hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. Additionally, the possible role of the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH)‐releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) gene and the TSHβ (TSHB) gene was investigated. ANIMALS: Miniature Schnauzers with proven central hypothyroidism, based on scintigraphy, and the results of a 3‐day‐TSH‐stimulation test, or a TSH‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐stimulation test or both, presented to the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals at Utrecht University or the Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals at Ghent University from 2008 to 2012. METHODS: Retrospective study. Pituitary function tests, thyroid scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary area were performed. Gene fragments of affected dogs and controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences of the products were analyzed. RESULTS: Central hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 7 Miniature Schnauzers. Three dogs had disproportionate dwarfism and at least one of them had a combined deficiency of TSH and prolactin. No disease‐causing mutations were found in the TSHB gene and the exons of the TRHR gene of these Schnauzers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Central hypothyroidism could be underdiagnosed in Miniature Schnauzers with hypothyroidism, especially in those of normal stature. The fact that this rare disorder occurred in 7 dogs from the same breed suggests that central hypothyroidism could have a genetic background in Miniature Schnauzers.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Canine</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>computed tomography</subject><subject>Disproportionate dwarfism</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA - genetics</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - drug therapy</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - genetics</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Dwarfism</subject><subject>exons</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>genetic background</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>hormone receptors</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>hypothyroidism</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism - drug therapy</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism - genetics</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism - veterinary</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>medicine</subject><subject>mutation</subject><subject>Netherlands</subject><subject>Pedigree</subject><subject>pets</subject><subject>Pituitary</subject><subject>polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>prolactin</subject><subject>rare species</subject><subject>Recombinant Proteins</subject><subject>retrospective studies</subject><subject>scintigraphy</subject><subject>SMALL ANIMAL</subject><subject>Thyroid Gland - pathology</subject><subject>thyrotropin</subject><subject>Thyrotropin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Thyrotropin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Thyrotropin, beta Subunit - genetics</subject><subject>Thyrotropin, beta Subunit - metabolism</subject><subject>thyrotropin-releasing hormone</subject><subject>Thyroxine - blood</subject><subject>Thyroxine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>TRHR gene</subject><subject>TSHB gene</subject><issn>0891-6640</issn><issn>1939-1676</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkclOwzAURS0EgjJs-ADoEiGlvGfHQzZIqGIUiAXD1nJjhxplKHYDKl9PIIBgA968hc87uvYlZBthhN05eHz21QiZQrVEBpixLEEhxTIZgMowESKFNbIe4yMA5ZzLVbJGhcgEy9IBGY1dPQ-mHJ4tZs18ugiNtz5WQ18Pr3ztzbwNbniTT2vTvroQN8lKYcrotj7nBrk7Ob4dnyWX16fn46PLJE-lVIkABJNxJpgSMmeKuwkHkFZQoF1iyxVaOQGLxkwKarvkqTXAqU0LSR3P2QY57L2zdlI5m_ch9Sz4yoSFbozXv29qP9UPzbNOM2Qi5Z1g71MQmqfWxbmufMxdWZraNW3UqICh4CjU_6gUkFEElB2636N5aGIMrvhOhKDfu9DvXeiPLjp45-cbvtGvz-8A7IEXX7rFHyp9cX9-9SXd7XcK02jzEHzUdzcUUAAgR8pT9gaXD5zB</recordid><startdate>201601</startdate><enddate>201601</enddate><creator>Voorbij, Annemarie M.W.Y.</creator><creator>Leegwater, Peter A.J.</creator><creator>Buijtels, Jenny J.C.W.M.</creator><creator>Daminet, Sylvie</creator><creator>Kooistra, Hans S.</creator><general>J.B. 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In contrast, central hypothyroidism is rare in this species. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to describe the occurrence and clinical presentation of central hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. Additionally, the possible role of the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH)‐releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) gene and the TSHβ (TSHB) gene was investigated. ANIMALS: Miniature Schnauzers with proven central hypothyroidism, based on scintigraphy, and the results of a 3‐day‐TSH‐stimulation test, or a TSH‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐stimulation test or both, presented to the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals at Utrecht University or the Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals at Ghent University from 2008 to 2012. METHODS: Retrospective study. Pituitary function tests, thyroid scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary area were performed. Gene fragments of affected dogs and controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences of the products were analyzed. RESULTS: Central hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 7 Miniature Schnauzers. Three dogs had disproportionate dwarfism and at least one of them had a combined deficiency of TSH and prolactin. No disease‐causing mutations were found in the TSHB gene and the exons of the TRHR gene of these Schnauzers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Central hypothyroidism could be underdiagnosed in Miniature Schnauzers with hypothyroidism, especially in those of normal stature. The fact that this rare disorder occurred in 7 dogs from the same breed suggests that central hypothyroidism could have a genetic background in Miniature Schnauzers.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>J.B. Lippincott</pub><pmid>26696394</pmid><doi>10.1111/jvim.13818</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Base Sequence Canine Case-Control Studies computed tomography Disproportionate dwarfism DNA DNA - genetics Dog Diseases - drug therapy Dog Diseases - genetics Dogs Dwarfism exons Female genetic background Genetic Predisposition to Disease hormone receptors Humans hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism - drug therapy Hypothyroidism - genetics Hypothyroidism - veterinary Male medicine mutation Netherlands Pedigree pets Pituitary polymerase chain reaction prolactin rare species Recombinant Proteins retrospective studies scintigraphy SMALL ANIMAL Thyroid Gland - pathology thyrotropin Thyrotropin - administration & dosage Thyrotropin - pharmacology Thyrotropin, beta Subunit - genetics Thyrotropin, beta Subunit - metabolism thyrotropin-releasing hormone Thyroxine - blood Thyroxine - therapeutic use TRHR gene TSHB gene |
| title | Central Hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers |
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