The Relationship Between Distance to Water Source and Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in the Global Enterics Multi-Center Study in Kenya, 2008-2011
In the developing world, fetching water for drinking and other household uses is a substantial burden that affects water quantity and quality in the household. We used logistic regression to examine whether reported household water fetching times were a risk factor for moderate-to-severe diarrhea (M...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2016-05, Vol.94 (5), p.1143-1149 |
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| creator | Nygren, Benjamin L O'Reilly, Ciara E Rajasingham, Anangu Omore, Richard Ombok, Maurice Awuor, Alex O Jaron, Peter Moke, Fenny Vulule, John Laserson, Kayla Farag, Tamer H Nasrin, Dilruba Nataro, James P Kotloff, Karen L Levine, Myron M Derado, Gordana Ayers, Tracy L Lash, R Ryan Breiman, Robert F Mintz, Eric D |
| description | In the developing world, fetching water for drinking and other household uses is a substantial burden that affects water quantity and quality in the household. We used logistic regression to examine whether reported household water fetching times were a risk factor for moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) using case-control data of 3,359 households from the Global Enterics Multi-Center Study in Kenya in 2009-2011. We collected additional global positioning system (GPS) data for a subset of 254 randomly selected households and compared GPS-based straight line and actual travel path distances to fetching times reported by respondents. GPS-based data were highly correlated with respondent-provided times (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.81, P < 0.0001). The median estimated one-way distance to water source was 200 m for cases and 171 for controls (Wilcoxon rank sums/Mann-Whitney P = 0.21). A round-trip fetching time of > 30 minutes was reported by 25% of cases versus 15% of controls and was significantly associated with MSD where rainwater was not used in the last 2 weeks (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval = 1.56-2.49). These data support the United Nations definition of access to an improved water source being within 30 minutes total round-trip travel time. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0393 |
| format | Article |
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| subjects | Case-Control Studies Developing Countries Diarrhea - epidemiology Enteritis - epidemiology Enteritis - etiology Geographic Information Systems Humans Kenya - epidemiology Time Factors Travel Water Supply |
| title | The Relationship Between Distance to Water Source and Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in the Global Enterics Multi-Center Study in Kenya, 2008-2011 |
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