Outdoor, indoor, and personal black carbon exposure from cookstoves burning solid fuels

Black carbon (BC) emissions from solid fuel combustion are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and are important drivers of climate change. We studied BC measurements, approximated by particulate matter (PM2.5) absorbance, in rural Yunnan province, China, whose residents use a variety...

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Veröffentlicht in:Indoor air 2016-10, Vol.26 (5), p.784-795
Hauptverfasser: Downward, G. S., Hu, W., Rothman, N., Reiss, B., Wu, G., Wei, F., Xu, J., Seow, W. J., Brunekreef, B., Chapman, R. S., Qing, L., Vermeulen, R.
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container_issue 5
container_start_page 784
container_title Indoor air
container_volume 26
creator Downward, G. S.
Hu, W.
Rothman, N.
Reiss, B.
Wu, G.
Wei, F.
Xu, J.
Seow, W. J.
Brunekreef, B.
Chapman, R. S.
Qing, L.
Vermeulen, R.
description Black carbon (BC) emissions from solid fuel combustion are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and are important drivers of climate change. We studied BC measurements, approximated by particulate matter (PM2.5) absorbance, in rural Yunnan province, China, whose residents use a variety of solid fuels for cooking and heating including bituminous and anthracite coal, and wood. Measurements were taken over two consecutive 24‐h periods from 163 households in 30 villages. PM2.5 absorbance (PMabs) was measured using an EEL 043 Smoke Stain Reflectometer. PMabs measurements were higher in wood burning households (16.3 × 10−5/m) than bituminous and anthracite coal households (12 and 5.1 × 10−5/m, respectively). Among bituminous coal users, measurements varied by a factor of two depending on the coal source. Portable stoves (which are lit outdoors and brought indoors for use) were associated with reduced PMabs levels, but no other impact of stove design was observed. Outdoor measurements were positively correlated with and approximately half the level of indoor measurements (r = 0.49, P 
doi_str_mv 10.1111/ina.12255
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S. ; Hu, W. ; Rothman, N. ; Reiss, B. ; Wu, G. ; Wei, F. ; Xu, J. ; Seow, W. J. ; Brunekreef, B. ; Chapman, R. S. ; Qing, L. ; Vermeulen, R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Downward, G. S. ; Hu, W. ; Rothman, N. ; Reiss, B. ; Wu, G. ; Wei, F. ; Xu, J. ; Seow, W. J. ; Brunekreef, B. ; Chapman, R. S. ; Qing, L. ; Vermeulen, R.</creatorcontrib><description>Black carbon (BC) emissions from solid fuel combustion are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and are important drivers of climate change. We studied BC measurements, approximated by particulate matter (PM2.5) absorbance, in rural Yunnan province, China, whose residents use a variety of solid fuels for cooking and heating including bituminous and anthracite coal, and wood. Measurements were taken over two consecutive 24‐h periods from 163 households in 30 villages. PM2.5 absorbance (PMabs) was measured using an EEL 043 Smoke Stain Reflectometer. PMabs measurements were higher in wood burning households (16.3 × 10−5/m) than bituminous and anthracite coal households (12 and 5.1 × 10−5/m, respectively). Among bituminous coal users, measurements varied by a factor of two depending on the coal source. Portable stoves (which are lit outdoors and brought indoors for use) were associated with reduced PMabs levels, but no other impact of stove design was observed. Outdoor measurements were positively correlated with and approximately half the level of indoor measurements (r = 0.49, P &lt; 0.01). Measurements of BC (as approximated by PMabs) in this population are modulated by fuel type and source. 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S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rothman, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiss, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seow, W. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brunekreef, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chapman, R. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qing, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vermeulen, R.</creatorcontrib><title>Outdoor, indoor, and personal black carbon exposure from cookstoves burning solid fuels</title><title>Indoor air</title><addtitle>Indoor Air</addtitle><description>Black carbon (BC) emissions from solid fuel combustion are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and are important drivers of climate change. We studied BC measurements, approximated by particulate matter (PM2.5) absorbance, in rural Yunnan province, China, whose residents use a variety of solid fuels for cooking and heating including bituminous and anthracite coal, and wood. Measurements were taken over two consecutive 24‐h periods from 163 households in 30 villages. PM2.5 absorbance (PMabs) was measured using an EEL 043 Smoke Stain Reflectometer. PMabs measurements were higher in wood burning households (16.3 × 10−5/m) than bituminous and anthracite coal households (12 and 5.1 × 10−5/m, respectively). Among bituminous coal users, measurements varied by a factor of two depending on the coal source. Portable stoves (which are lit outdoors and brought indoors for use) were associated with reduced PMabs levels, but no other impact of stove design was observed. Outdoor measurements were positively correlated with and approximately half the level of indoor measurements (r = 0.49, P &lt; 0.01). Measurements of BC (as approximated by PMabs) in this population are modulated by fuel type and source. 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S.</au><au>Hu, W.</au><au>Rothman, N.</au><au>Reiss, B.</au><au>Wu, G.</au><au>Wei, F.</au><au>Xu, J.</au><au>Seow, W. J.</au><au>Brunekreef, B.</au><au>Chapman, R. S.</au><au>Qing, L.</au><au>Vermeulen, R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Outdoor, indoor, and personal black carbon exposure from cookstoves burning solid fuels</atitle><jtitle>Indoor air</jtitle><addtitle>Indoor Air</addtitle><date>2016-10</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>784</spage><epage>795</epage><pages>784-795</pages><issn>0905-6947</issn><eissn>1600-0668</eissn><abstract>Black carbon (BC) emissions from solid fuel combustion are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and are important drivers of climate change. We studied BC measurements, approximated by particulate matter (PM2.5) absorbance, in rural Yunnan province, China, whose residents use a variety of solid fuels for cooking and heating including bituminous and anthracite coal, and wood. Measurements were taken over two consecutive 24‐h periods from 163 households in 30 villages. PM2.5 absorbance (PMabs) was measured using an EEL 043 Smoke Stain Reflectometer. PMabs measurements were higher in wood burning households (16.3 × 10−5/m) than bituminous and anthracite coal households (12 and 5.1 × 10−5/m, respectively). Among bituminous coal users, measurements varied by a factor of two depending on the coal source. Portable stoves (which are lit outdoors and brought indoors for use) were associated with reduced PMabs levels, but no other impact of stove design was observed. Outdoor measurements were positively correlated with and approximately half the level of indoor measurements (r = 0.49, P &lt; 0.01). Measurements of BC (as approximated by PMabs) in this population are modulated by fuel type and source. This provides valuable insight into potential morbidity, mortality, and climate change contributions of domestic usage of solid fuels.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>26452237</pmid><doi>10.1111/ina.12255</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Air Pollution - analysis
Bituminous coal
Black carbon
Carbon
China
Climate change
Coal
Combustion
Cooking - instrumentation
Cooking - methods
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Fuels
Greenhouse gases
Heating
Heating - instrumentation
Heating - methods
Household air pollution
Households
Humans
Indoor air quality
Outdoor
Outdoor air quality
Ovens & stoves
Particulate Matter - analysis
PM2.5 absorbance
Rural Population
Smoke - analysis
Solid fuels
Soot - analysis
Wood
title Outdoor, indoor, and personal black carbon exposure from cookstoves burning solid fuels
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