Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis
Data on resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are inconsistent; the magnitude of associations between resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality varies across studies. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantitativ...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ) 2016-02, Vol.188 (3), p.E53-E63 |
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| creator | Zhang, Dongfeng Shen, Xiaoli Qi, Xin |
| description | Data on resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are inconsistent; the magnitude of associations between resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality varies across studies. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantitatively evaluate the associations in the general population.
We searched PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE from inception to Jan. 1, 2015. We used a random-effects model to combine study-specific relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used restricted cubic spline functions to assess the dose-response relation.
A total of 46 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1 246 203 patients and 78 349 deaths for all-cause mortality, and 848 320 patients and 25 800 deaths for cardiovascular mortality. The relative risk with 10 beats/min increment of resting heart rate was 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.12) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest category, patients with a resting heart rate of 60-80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.17) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) for cardiovascular mortality, and those with a resting heart rate of greater than 80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.45 (95% CI 1.34-1.57) for all-cause mortality and 1.33 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) for cardiovascular mortality. Overall, the results did not differ after adjustment for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Compared with 45 beats/min, the risk of all-cause mortality increased significantly with increasing resting heart rate in a linear relation, but a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed at 90 beats/min. Substantial heterogeneity and publication bias were detected.
Higher resting heart rate was independently associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This indicates that resting heart rate is a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1503/cmaj.150535 |
| format | Article |
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We searched PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE from inception to Jan. 1, 2015. We used a random-effects model to combine study-specific relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used restricted cubic spline functions to assess the dose-response relation.
A total of 46 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1 246 203 patients and 78 349 deaths for all-cause mortality, and 848 320 patients and 25 800 deaths for cardiovascular mortality. The relative risk with 10 beats/min increment of resting heart rate was 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.12) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest category, patients with a resting heart rate of 60-80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.17) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) for cardiovascular mortality, and those with a resting heart rate of greater than 80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.45 (95% CI 1.34-1.57) for all-cause mortality and 1.33 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) for cardiovascular mortality. Overall, the results did not differ after adjustment for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Compared with 45 beats/min, the risk of all-cause mortality increased significantly with increasing resting heart rate in a linear relation, but a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed at 90 beats/min. Substantial heterogeneity and publication bias were detected.
Higher resting heart rate was independently associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This indicates that resting heart rate is a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0820-3946</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1488-2329</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.150535</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26598376</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CMAJAX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Canada: Joule Inc</publisher><subject>Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality ; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology ; Cause of Death ; Forecasts and trends ; Heart beat ; Heart rate ; Heart Rate - physiology ; Humans ; Measurement ; Meta-analysis ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Public health administration ; Risk Factors ; Studies ; Systematic review</subject><ispartof>Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ), 2016-02, Vol.188 (3), p.E53-E63</ispartof><rights>2016 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Joule Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright 8872147 Canada Inc. Feb 16, 2016</rights><rights>2016 8872147 Canada Inc. or its licensors 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c706t-e5e3c8ec5bd610e55629e3a6e1cfdb6161d633742b762a20e1b92308720c62803</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754196/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754196/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26598376$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Dongfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Xiaoli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Xin</creatorcontrib><title>Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis</title><title>Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ)</title><addtitle>CMAJ</addtitle><description>Data on resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are inconsistent; the magnitude of associations between resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality varies across studies. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantitatively evaluate the associations in the general population.
We searched PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE from inception to Jan. 1, 2015. We used a random-effects model to combine study-specific relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used restricted cubic spline functions to assess the dose-response relation.
A total of 46 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1 246 203 patients and 78 349 deaths for all-cause mortality, and 848 320 patients and 25 800 deaths for cardiovascular mortality. The relative risk with 10 beats/min increment of resting heart rate was 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.12) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest category, patients with a resting heart rate of 60-80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.17) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) for cardiovascular mortality, and those with a resting heart rate of greater than 80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.45 (95% CI 1.34-1.57) for all-cause mortality and 1.33 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) for cardiovascular mortality. Overall, the results did not differ after adjustment for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Compared with 45 beats/min, the risk of all-cause mortality increased significantly with increasing resting heart rate in a linear relation, but a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed at 90 beats/min. Substantial heterogeneity and publication bias were detected.
Higher resting heart rate was independently associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This indicates that resting heart rate is a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population.</description><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cause of Death</subject><subject>Forecasts and trends</subject><subject>Heart beat</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Heart Rate - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Public health administration</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><issn>0820-3946</issn><issn>1488-2329</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqV0s9v0zAUB_AIgVgZnLijCCQEQhn-ETsJB6Rp4sekCaQBZ-vVeW1dOXZnOxP973FpGS3qhfiQOPn4JfH7FsVTSs6oIPytHmC5uRJc3CsmtG7binHW3S8mpGWk4l0tT4pHMS5JPjhrHhYnTIqu5Y2cFItrjMm4eblACKkMkLAE15dgbaVhjNuZhtAbfwtRjxZCOfiQwJq0Lo0r0wLLOToMYMuVX2WQjHfvSigHTFCBA7uOJj4uHszARnyyO58WPz5--H7xubr6-uny4vyq0g2RqUKBXLeoxbSXlKAQknXIQSLVs34qqaS95Lyp2bSRDBhBOu0YJ23DiJasJfy0eL-tuxqnA_YaXcpfplbBDBDWyoNRh0-cWai5v1V1I2rayVzg1a5A8Ddj3h01mKjRWnDox6hoIyWTvCZdpi_-oUs_hvzDv1XbMpmb8lfNwaIybubze_WmqDqvay6FYF2dVXVE7TbWO5yZfPvAPz_i9crcqH10dgTl0eNg9NGqrw8WZJPwZ5rnJER1-e36P-yXQ_tyz-as2bSI3o6bqMRD-GYLdfAxBpzddY4StYm72sRdbeOe9bP9Zt_ZP_nmvwAecfZR</recordid><startdate>20160216</startdate><enddate>20160216</enddate><creator>Zhang, Dongfeng</creator><creator>Shen, Xiaoli</creator><creator>Qi, Xin</creator><general>Joule Inc</general><general>CMA Impact, Inc</general><general>8872147 Canada Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FQ</scope><scope>8FV</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M3G</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160216</creationdate><title>Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis</title><author>Zhang, Dongfeng ; Shen, Xiaoli ; Qi, Xin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c706t-e5e3c8ec5bd610e55629e3a6e1cfdb6161d633742b762a20e1b92308720c62803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Forecasts and trends</topic><topic>Heart beat</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Heart Rate - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Measurement</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Public health administration</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Dongfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Xiaoli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Xin</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>CBCA Reference & Current Events</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Dongfeng</au><au>Shen, Xiaoli</au><au>Qi, Xin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ)</jtitle><addtitle>CMAJ</addtitle><date>2016-02-16</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>188</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>E53</spage><epage>E63</epage><pages>E53-E63</pages><issn>0820-3946</issn><eissn>1488-2329</eissn><coden>CMAJAX</coden><abstract>Data on resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are inconsistent; the magnitude of associations between resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality varies across studies. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantitatively evaluate the associations in the general population.
We searched PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE from inception to Jan. 1, 2015. We used a random-effects model to combine study-specific relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used restricted cubic spline functions to assess the dose-response relation.
A total of 46 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1 246 203 patients and 78 349 deaths for all-cause mortality, and 848 320 patients and 25 800 deaths for cardiovascular mortality. The relative risk with 10 beats/min increment of resting heart rate was 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.12) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest category, patients with a resting heart rate of 60-80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.17) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) for cardiovascular mortality, and those with a resting heart rate of greater than 80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.45 (95% CI 1.34-1.57) for all-cause mortality and 1.33 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) for cardiovascular mortality. Overall, the results did not differ after adjustment for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Compared with 45 beats/min, the risk of all-cause mortality increased significantly with increasing resting heart rate in a linear relation, but a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed at 90 beats/min. Substantial heterogeneity and publication bias were detected.
Higher resting heart rate was independently associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This indicates that resting heart rate is a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population.</abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>Joule Inc</pub><pmid>26598376</pmid><doi>10.1503/cmaj.150535</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Journals@Ovid Complete; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology Cause of Death Forecasts and trends Heart beat Heart rate Heart Rate - physiology Humans Measurement Meta-analysis Mortality Prognosis Public health administration Risk Factors Studies Systematic review |
| title | Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis |
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