Locus ceruleus neurons in people with autism contain no histochemically-detectable mercury
Exposure to environmental mercury has been proposed to play a part in autism. Mercury is selectively taken up by the human locus ceruleus, a region of the brain that has been implicated in autism. We therefore looked for the presence of mercury in the locus ceruleus of people who had autism, using t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biometals 2016-02, Vol.29 (1), p.171-175 |
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| description | Exposure to environmental mercury has been proposed to play a part in autism. Mercury is selectively taken up by the human locus ceruleus, a region of the brain that has been implicated in autism. We therefore looked for the presence of mercury in the locus ceruleus of people who had autism, using the histochemical technique of autometallography which can detect nanogram amounts of mercury in tissues. In addition, we sought evidence of damage to locus ceruleus neurons in autism by immunostaining for hyperphosphorylated tau. No mercury was found in any neurons of the locus ceruleus of 6 individuals with autism (5 male, 1 female, age range 16–48 years). Mercury was present in locus ceruleus neurons in 7 of 11 (64 %) age-matched control individuals who did not have autism, which is significantly more than in individuals with autism. No increase in numbers of locus ceruleus neurons containing hyperphosphorylated tau was detected in people with autism. In conclusion, most people with autism have not been exposed early in life to quantities of mercury large enough to be found later in adult locus ceruleus neurons. Human locus ceruleus neurons are sensitive indicators of mercury exposure, and mercury appears to remain in these neurons indefinitely, so these findings do not support the hypothesis that mercury neurotoxicity plays a role in autism. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10534-015-9898-9 |
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Mercury is selectively taken up by the human locus ceruleus, a region of the brain that has been implicated in autism. We therefore looked for the presence of mercury in the locus ceruleus of people who had autism, using the histochemical technique of autometallography which can detect nanogram amounts of mercury in tissues. In addition, we sought evidence of damage to locus ceruleus neurons in autism by immunostaining for hyperphosphorylated tau. No mercury was found in any neurons of the locus ceruleus of 6 individuals with autism (5 male, 1 female, age range 16–48 years). Mercury was present in locus ceruleus neurons in 7 of 11 (64 %) age-matched control individuals who did not have autism, which is significantly more than in individuals with autism. No increase in numbers of locus ceruleus neurons containing hyperphosphorylated tau was detected in people with autism. In conclusion, most people with autism have not been exposed early in life to quantities of mercury large enough to be found later in adult locus ceruleus neurons. Human locus ceruleus neurons are sensitive indicators of mercury exposure, and mercury appears to remain in these neurons indefinitely, so these findings do not support the hypothesis that mercury neurotoxicity plays a role in autism.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0966-0844</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-8773</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9898-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26613607</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Autism ; Autistic Disorder - chemically induced ; Autistic Disorder - metabolism ; Autistic Disorder - pathology ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Cell Biology ; Female ; Heavy metal content ; Humans ; Life Sciences ; Locus Coeruleus - drug effects ; Locus Coeruleus - injuries ; Locus Coeruleus - metabolism ; Male ; Medicine/Public Health ; Mercury ; Mercury - toxicity ; Microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Neurons ; Neurons - drug effects ; Neurons - metabolism ; Neurons - pathology ; Neurotoxicity ; Pharmacology/Toxicology ; Plant Physiology ; Toxins</subject><ispartof>Biometals, 2016-02, Vol.29 (1), p.171-175</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2015</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-4a78a433788ae111b20f20a717cf31d4d2361cb656d441e4d25c764c1729b7773</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-4a78a433788ae111b20f20a717cf31d4d2361cb656d441e4d25c764c1729b7773</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10534-015-9898-9$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10534-015-9898-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613607$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pamphlett, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kum Jew, Stephen</creatorcontrib><title>Locus ceruleus neurons in people with autism contain no histochemically-detectable mercury</title><title>Biometals</title><addtitle>Biometals</addtitle><addtitle>Biometals</addtitle><description>Exposure to environmental mercury has been proposed to play a part in autism. Mercury is selectively taken up by the human locus ceruleus, a region of the brain that has been implicated in autism. We therefore looked for the presence of mercury in the locus ceruleus of people who had autism, using the histochemical technique of autometallography which can detect nanogram amounts of mercury in tissues. In addition, we sought evidence of damage to locus ceruleus neurons in autism by immunostaining for hyperphosphorylated tau. No mercury was found in any neurons of the locus ceruleus of 6 individuals with autism (5 male, 1 female, age range 16–48 years). Mercury was present in locus ceruleus neurons in 7 of 11 (64 %) age-matched control individuals who did not have autism, which is significantly more than in individuals with autism. No increase in numbers of locus ceruleus neurons containing hyperphosphorylated tau was detected in people with autism. In conclusion, most people with autism have not been exposed early in life to quantities of mercury large enough to be found later in adult locus ceruleus neurons. Human locus ceruleus neurons are sensitive indicators of mercury exposure, and mercury appears to remain in these neurons indefinitely, so these findings do not support the hypothesis that mercury neurotoxicity plays a role in autism.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - chemically induced</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - metabolism</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - pathology</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heavy metal content</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Locus Coeruleus - drug effects</subject><subject>Locus Coeruleus - injuries</subject><subject>Locus Coeruleus - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine/Public Health</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury - toxicity</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Neurons - drug effects</subject><subject>Neurons - metabolism</subject><subject>Neurons - pathology</subject><subject>Neurotoxicity</subject><subject>Pharmacology/Toxicology</subject><subject>Plant 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mercury</atitle><jtitle>Biometals</jtitle><stitle>Biometals</stitle><addtitle>Biometals</addtitle><date>2016-02-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>171</spage><epage>175</epage><pages>171-175</pages><issn>0966-0844</issn><eissn>1572-8773</eissn><abstract>Exposure to environmental mercury has been proposed to play a part in autism. Mercury is selectively taken up by the human locus ceruleus, a region of the brain that has been implicated in autism. We therefore looked for the presence of mercury in the locus ceruleus of people who had autism, using the histochemical technique of autometallography which can detect nanogram amounts of mercury in tissues. In addition, we sought evidence of damage to locus ceruleus neurons in autism by immunostaining for hyperphosphorylated tau. No mercury was found in any neurons of the locus ceruleus of 6 individuals with autism (5 male, 1 female, age range 16–48 years). Mercury was present in locus ceruleus neurons in 7 of 11 (64 %) age-matched control individuals who did not have autism, which is significantly more than in individuals with autism. No increase in numbers of locus ceruleus neurons containing hyperphosphorylated tau was detected in people with autism. In conclusion, most people with autism have not been exposed early in life to quantities of mercury large enough to be found later in adult locus ceruleus neurons. Human locus ceruleus neurons are sensitive indicators of mercury exposure, and mercury appears to remain in these neurons indefinitely, so these findings do not support the hypothesis that mercury neurotoxicity plays a role in autism.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>26613607</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10534-015-9898-9</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Autism Autistic Disorder - chemically induced Autistic Disorder - metabolism Autistic Disorder - pathology Biochemistry Biomedical and Life Sciences Cell Biology Female Heavy metal content Humans Life Sciences Locus Coeruleus - drug effects Locus Coeruleus - injuries Locus Coeruleus - metabolism Male Medicine/Public Health Mercury Mercury - toxicity Microbiology Middle Aged Neurons Neurons - drug effects Neurons - metabolism Neurons - pathology Neurotoxicity Pharmacology/Toxicology Plant Physiology Toxins |
| title | Locus ceruleus neurons in people with autism contain no histochemically-detectable mercury |
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