Adenosine Stress and Rest T1 Mapping Can Differentiate Between Ischemic, Infarcted, Remote, and Normal Myocardium Without the Need for Gadolinium Contrast Agents
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine stress as a novel method for ischemia detection without the use of gadolinium contrast. Background In chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), accurate detection of ischemia is important...
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| creator | Liu, Alexander, MBBS Wijesurendra, Rohan S., MB BChir Francis, Jane M., DCR(R), DNM Robson, Matthew D., PhD Neubauer, Stefan, MD Piechnik, Stefan K., PhD, MScEE Ferreira, Vanessa M., MD, DPhil |
| description | Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine stress as a novel method for ischemia detection without the use of gadolinium contrast. Background In chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), accurate detection of ischemia is important because targeted revascularization improves clinical outcomes. Myocardial blood volume (MBV) may be a more comprehensive marker of ischemia than myocardial blood flow. T1 mapping using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is highly sensitive to changes in myocardial water content, including MBV. We propose that T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine vasodilatory stress can detect MBV changes in normal and diseased myocardium in CAD. Methods Twenty normal controls (10 at 1.5-T; 10 at 3.0-T) and 10 CAD patients (1.5-T) underwent conventional CMR to assess for left ventricular function (cine), infarction (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) and ischemia (myocardial perfusion reserve index [MPRI] on first-pass perfusion imaging during adenosine stress). These were compared to novel pre-contrast stress/rest T1 mapping using the Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery technique, which is heart rate independent. T1 values were derived for normal myocardium in controls and for infarcted, ischemic, and remote myocardium in CAD patients. Results Normal myocardium in controls (normal wall motion, MPRI, no LGE) showed normal resting T1 (954 ± 19 ms at 1.5-T; 1,189 ± 34 ms at 3.0-T) and significant positive T1 reactivity during adenosine stress compared to baseline (6.2 ± 0.5% at 1.5-T; 6.3 ± 1.1% at 3.0-T; all p < 0.0001). Infarcted myocardium showed the highest resting T1 of all tissue classes (1,442 ± 84 ms), without significant T1 reactivity (0.2 ± 1.5%). Ischemic myocardium showed elevated resting T1 compared to normal (987 ± 17 ms; p < 0.001) without significant T1 reactivity (0.2 ± 0.8%). Remote myocardium, although having comparable resting T1 to normal (955 ± 17 ms; p = 0.92), showed blunted T1 reactivity (3.9 ± 0.6%; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.018 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4708879</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S1936878X15007706</els_id><sourcerecordid>1760869111</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4958-106e826cd63a07cbba18c1fc93ec217a239c2a9aade69a68d0e13f9eda3ae1183</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9ks9uEzEQxlcIREvhBTggHzkkwd5N_EdClUKAEqktEi2CmzWxZxOHXTvY3qI8Dm_KblMq4MDJluabbz7Nb4riOaMTRhl_tZ1sTbuelJTNJlROKJMPimMmBR-LmWIP-7-q-FgK-fWoeJLSllJO-VQ8Lo5KzuVUCXlc_Jxb9CE5j-QqR0yJgLfkE6ZMrhm5gN3O-TVZgCdvXV1jRJ8dZCRvMP9A9GSZzAZbZ0Zk6WuIJqMd9e1tyDi6tboMsYWGXOyDgWhd15IvLm9Cl0neILlEtKQOkZyBDY3zQ30RfI7QB5iv-2npafGohibhs7v3pPj8_t314sP4_OPZcjE_H5upmskxoxxlyY3lFVBhVitg0rDaqApNyQSUlTIlKACLXAGXliKraoUWKkDGZHVSnB58d92qRWtwSNHoXXQtxL0O4PTfFe82eh1u9FRQKYXqDV7eGcTwves3qFuXDDYNeAxd0kxwKrlijPXS8iA1MaQUsb4fw6ge2OqtHtjqga2mUtPbgC_-DHjf8htmL3h9EGC_phuHUSfj0Bu0LqLJ2gb3f__Tf9rNQMRA8w33mLahi74HoJlOpab6ariu4bjYjFIhKK9-AeuFzjo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1760869111</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Adenosine Stress and Rest T1 Mapping Can Differentiate Between Ischemic, Infarcted, Remote, and Normal Myocardium Without the Need for Gadolinium Contrast Agents</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Liu, Alexander, MBBS ; Wijesurendra, Rohan S., MB BChir ; Francis, Jane M., DCR(R), DNM ; Robson, Matthew D., PhD ; Neubauer, Stefan, MD ; Piechnik, Stefan K., PhD, MScEE ; Ferreira, Vanessa M., MD, DPhil</creator><creatorcontrib>Liu, Alexander, MBBS ; Wijesurendra, Rohan S., MB BChir ; Francis, Jane M., DCR(R), DNM ; Robson, Matthew D., PhD ; Neubauer, Stefan, MD ; Piechnik, Stefan K., PhD, MScEE ; Ferreira, Vanessa M., MD, DPhil</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine stress as a novel method for ischemia detection without the use of gadolinium contrast. Background In chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), accurate detection of ischemia is important because targeted revascularization improves clinical outcomes. Myocardial blood volume (MBV) may be a more comprehensive marker of ischemia than myocardial blood flow. T1 mapping using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is highly sensitive to changes in myocardial water content, including MBV. We propose that T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine vasodilatory stress can detect MBV changes in normal and diseased myocardium in CAD. Methods Twenty normal controls (10 at 1.5-T; 10 at 3.0-T) and 10 CAD patients (1.5-T) underwent conventional CMR to assess for left ventricular function (cine), infarction (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) and ischemia (myocardial perfusion reserve index [MPRI] on first-pass perfusion imaging during adenosine stress). These were compared to novel pre-contrast stress/rest T1 mapping using the Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery technique, which is heart rate independent. T1 values were derived for normal myocardium in controls and for infarcted, ischemic, and remote myocardium in CAD patients. Results Normal myocardium in controls (normal wall motion, MPRI, no LGE) showed normal resting T1 (954 ± 19 ms at 1.5-T; 1,189 ± 34 ms at 3.0-T) and significant positive T1 reactivity during adenosine stress compared to baseline (6.2 ± 0.5% at 1.5-T; 6.3 ± 1.1% at 3.0-T; all p < 0.0001). Infarcted myocardium showed the highest resting T1 of all tissue classes (1,442 ± 84 ms), without significant T1 reactivity (0.2 ± 1.5%). Ischemic myocardium showed elevated resting T1 compared to normal (987 ± 17 ms; p < 0.001) without significant T1 reactivity (0.2 ± 0.8%). Remote myocardium, although having comparable resting T1 to normal (955 ± 17 ms; p = 0.92), showed blunted T1 reactivity (3.9 ± 0.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusions T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine stress can differentiate between normal, infarcted, ischemic, and remote myocardium with distinctive T1 profiles. Stress/rest T1 mapping holds promise for ischemia detection without the need for gadolinium contrast.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1936-878X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1876-7591</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.018</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26684978</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adenosine - administration & dosage ; adenosine stress ; Adult ; Aged ; cardiac magnetic resonance ; Cardiovascular ; Case-Control Studies ; Contrast Media - administration & dosage ; Coronary Circulation ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine ; Male ; Meglumine - administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction - diagnosis ; Myocardial Infarction - pathology ; Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology ; Myocardial Ischemia - diagnosis ; Myocardial Ischemia - pathology ; Myocardial Ischemia - physiopathology ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - methods ; Myocardium - pathology ; Organometallic Compounds - administration & dosage ; Original Research ; Predictive Value of Tests ; ShMOLLI ; T1 mapping ; Vasodilator Agents - administration & dosage ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>JACC. Cardiovascular imaging, 2016-01, Vol.9 (1), p.27-36</ispartof><rights>The Authors</rights><rights>2016 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4958-106e826cd63a07cbba18c1fc93ec217a239c2a9aade69a68d0e13f9eda3ae1183</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4958-106e826cd63a07cbba18c1fc93ec217a239c2a9aade69a68d0e13f9eda3ae1183</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.018$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26684978$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Alexander, MBBS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wijesurendra, Rohan S., MB BChir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Francis, Jane M., DCR(R), DNM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robson, Matthew D., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neubauer, Stefan, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piechnik, Stefan K., PhD, MScEE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Vanessa M., MD, DPhil</creatorcontrib><title>Adenosine Stress and Rest T1 Mapping Can Differentiate Between Ischemic, Infarcted, Remote, and Normal Myocardium Without the Need for Gadolinium Contrast Agents</title><title>JACC. Cardiovascular imaging</title><addtitle>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</addtitle><description>Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine stress as a novel method for ischemia detection without the use of gadolinium contrast. Background In chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), accurate detection of ischemia is important because targeted revascularization improves clinical outcomes. Myocardial blood volume (MBV) may be a more comprehensive marker of ischemia than myocardial blood flow. T1 mapping using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is highly sensitive to changes in myocardial water content, including MBV. We propose that T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine vasodilatory stress can detect MBV changes in normal and diseased myocardium in CAD. Methods Twenty normal controls (10 at 1.5-T; 10 at 3.0-T) and 10 CAD patients (1.5-T) underwent conventional CMR to assess for left ventricular function (cine), infarction (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) and ischemia (myocardial perfusion reserve index [MPRI] on first-pass perfusion imaging during adenosine stress). These were compared to novel pre-contrast stress/rest T1 mapping using the Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery technique, which is heart rate independent. T1 values were derived for normal myocardium in controls and for infarcted, ischemic, and remote myocardium in CAD patients. Results Normal myocardium in controls (normal wall motion, MPRI, no LGE) showed normal resting T1 (954 ± 19 ms at 1.5-T; 1,189 ± 34 ms at 3.0-T) and significant positive T1 reactivity during adenosine stress compared to baseline (6.2 ± 0.5% at 1.5-T; 6.3 ± 1.1% at 3.0-T; all p < 0.0001). Infarcted myocardium showed the highest resting T1 of all tissue classes (1,442 ± 84 ms), without significant T1 reactivity (0.2 ± 1.5%). Ischemic myocardium showed elevated resting T1 compared to normal (987 ± 17 ms; p < 0.001) without significant T1 reactivity (0.2 ± 0.8%). Remote myocardium, although having comparable resting T1 to normal (955 ± 17 ms; p = 0.92), showed blunted T1 reactivity (3.9 ± 0.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusions T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine stress can differentiate between normal, infarcted, ischemic, and remote myocardium with distinctive T1 profiles. Stress/rest T1 mapping holds promise for ischemia detection without the need for gadolinium contrast.</description><subject>Adenosine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>adenosine stress</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>cardiac magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Contrast Media - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Coronary Circulation</subject><subject>Diagnosis, Differential</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>ischemia</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Meglumine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - diagnosis</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - pathology</subject><subject>Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology</subject><subject>Myocardial Ischemia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Myocardial Ischemia - pathology</subject><subject>Myocardial Ischemia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Myocardium - pathology</subject><subject>Organometallic Compounds - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>ShMOLLI</subject><subject>T1 mapping</subject><subject>Vasodilator Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Ventricular Function, Left</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1936-878X</issn><issn>1876-7591</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ks9uEzEQxlcIREvhBTggHzkkwd5N_EdClUKAEqktEi2CmzWxZxOHXTvY3qI8Dm_KblMq4MDJluabbz7Nb4riOaMTRhl_tZ1sTbuelJTNJlROKJMPimMmBR-LmWIP-7-q-FgK-fWoeJLSllJO-VQ8Lo5KzuVUCXlc_Jxb9CE5j-QqR0yJgLfkE6ZMrhm5gN3O-TVZgCdvXV1jRJ8dZCRvMP9A9GSZzAZbZ0Zk6WuIJqMd9e1tyDi6tboMsYWGXOyDgWhd15IvLm9Cl0neILlEtKQOkZyBDY3zQ30RfI7QB5iv-2npafGohibhs7v3pPj8_t314sP4_OPZcjE_H5upmskxoxxlyY3lFVBhVitg0rDaqApNyQSUlTIlKACLXAGXliKraoUWKkDGZHVSnB58d92qRWtwSNHoXXQtxL0O4PTfFe82eh1u9FRQKYXqDV7eGcTwves3qFuXDDYNeAxd0kxwKrlijPXS8iA1MaQUsb4fw6ge2OqtHtjqga2mUtPbgC_-DHjf8htmL3h9EGC_phuHUSfj0Bu0LqLJ2gb3f__Tf9rNQMRA8w33mLahi74HoJlOpab6ariu4bjYjFIhKK9-AeuFzjo</recordid><startdate>20160101</startdate><enddate>20160101</enddate><creator>Liu, Alexander, MBBS</creator><creator>Wijesurendra, Rohan S., MB BChir</creator><creator>Francis, Jane M., DCR(R), DNM</creator><creator>Robson, Matthew D., PhD</creator><creator>Neubauer, Stefan, MD</creator><creator>Piechnik, Stefan K., PhD, MScEE</creator><creator>Ferreira, Vanessa M., MD, DPhil</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160101</creationdate><title>Adenosine Stress and Rest T1 Mapping Can Differentiate Between Ischemic, Infarcted, Remote, and Normal Myocardium Without the Need for Gadolinium Contrast Agents</title><author>Liu, Alexander, MBBS ; Wijesurendra, Rohan S., MB BChir ; Francis, Jane M., DCR(R), DNM ; Robson, Matthew D., PhD ; Neubauer, Stefan, MD ; Piechnik, Stefan K., PhD, MScEE ; Ferreira, Vanessa M., MD, DPhil</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4958-106e826cd63a07cbba18c1fc93ec217a239c2a9aade69a68d0e13f9eda3ae1183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adenosine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>adenosine stress</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>cardiac magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Contrast Media - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Coronary Circulation</topic><topic>Diagnosis, Differential</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>ischemia</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Meglumine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - diagnosis</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - pathology</topic><topic>Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology</topic><topic>Myocardial Ischemia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Myocardial Ischemia - pathology</topic><topic>Myocardial Ischemia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Myocardium - pathology</topic><topic>Organometallic Compounds - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>ShMOLLI</topic><topic>T1 mapping</topic><topic>Vasodilator Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Ventricular Function, Left</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Alexander, MBBS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wijesurendra, Rohan S., MB BChir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Francis, Jane M., DCR(R), DNM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robson, Matthew D., PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neubauer, Stefan, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piechnik, Stefan K., PhD, MScEE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferreira, Vanessa M., MD, DPhil</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>JACC. Cardiovascular imaging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Alexander, MBBS</au><au>Wijesurendra, Rohan S., MB BChir</au><au>Francis, Jane M., DCR(R), DNM</au><au>Robson, Matthew D., PhD</au><au>Neubauer, Stefan, MD</au><au>Piechnik, Stefan K., PhD, MScEE</au><au>Ferreira, Vanessa M., MD, DPhil</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Adenosine Stress and Rest T1 Mapping Can Differentiate Between Ischemic, Infarcted, Remote, and Normal Myocardium Without the Need for Gadolinium Contrast Agents</atitle><jtitle>JACC. Cardiovascular imaging</jtitle><addtitle>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</addtitle><date>2016-01-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>27</spage><epage>36</epage><pages>27-36</pages><issn>1936-878X</issn><eissn>1876-7591</eissn><abstract>Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine stress as a novel method for ischemia detection without the use of gadolinium contrast. Background In chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), accurate detection of ischemia is important because targeted revascularization improves clinical outcomes. Myocardial blood volume (MBV) may be a more comprehensive marker of ischemia than myocardial blood flow. T1 mapping using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is highly sensitive to changes in myocardial water content, including MBV. We propose that T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine vasodilatory stress can detect MBV changes in normal and diseased myocardium in CAD. Methods Twenty normal controls (10 at 1.5-T; 10 at 3.0-T) and 10 CAD patients (1.5-T) underwent conventional CMR to assess for left ventricular function (cine), infarction (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) and ischemia (myocardial perfusion reserve index [MPRI] on first-pass perfusion imaging during adenosine stress). These were compared to novel pre-contrast stress/rest T1 mapping using the Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery technique, which is heart rate independent. T1 values were derived for normal myocardium in controls and for infarcted, ischemic, and remote myocardium in CAD patients. Results Normal myocardium in controls (normal wall motion, MPRI, no LGE) showed normal resting T1 (954 ± 19 ms at 1.5-T; 1,189 ± 34 ms at 3.0-T) and significant positive T1 reactivity during adenosine stress compared to baseline (6.2 ± 0.5% at 1.5-T; 6.3 ± 1.1% at 3.0-T; all p < 0.0001). Infarcted myocardium showed the highest resting T1 of all tissue classes (1,442 ± 84 ms), without significant T1 reactivity (0.2 ± 1.5%). Ischemic myocardium showed elevated resting T1 compared to normal (987 ± 17 ms; p < 0.001) without significant T1 reactivity (0.2 ± 0.8%). Remote myocardium, although having comparable resting T1 to normal (955 ± 17 ms; p = 0.92), showed blunted T1 reactivity (3.9 ± 0.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusions T1 mapping at rest and during adenosine stress can differentiate between normal, infarcted, ischemic, and remote myocardium with distinctive T1 profiles. Stress/rest T1 mapping holds promise for ischemia detection without the need for gadolinium contrast.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>26684978</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.018</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adenosine - administration & dosage adenosine stress Adult Aged cardiac magnetic resonance Cardiovascular Case-Control Studies Contrast Media - administration & dosage Coronary Circulation Diagnosis, Differential Female Humans ischemia Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine Male Meglumine - administration & dosage Middle Aged Myocardial Infarction - diagnosis Myocardial Infarction - pathology Myocardial Infarction - physiopathology Myocardial Ischemia - diagnosis Myocardial Ischemia - pathology Myocardial Ischemia - physiopathology Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - methods Myocardium - pathology Organometallic Compounds - administration & dosage Original Research Predictive Value of Tests ShMOLLI T1 mapping Vasodilator Agents - administration & dosage Ventricular Function, Left Young Adult |
| title | Adenosine Stress and Rest T1 Mapping Can Differentiate Between Ischemic, Infarcted, Remote, and Normal Myocardium Without the Need for Gadolinium Contrast Agents |
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