High-protein meal challenge reveals the association between the salivary cortisol response and metabolic syndrome in police officers
Objectives Policing is considered a high‐stress occupation and officers have elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To investigate a potential connection, we evaluated the association between salivary cortisol response to a high‐protein meal challenge and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of human biology 2016-01, Vol.28 (1), p.138-144 |
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| creator | Baughman, Penelope Andrew, Michael E. Burchfiel, Cecil M. Fekedulegn, Desta Hartley, Tara A. Violanti, John M. Miller, Diane B. |
| description | Objectives
Policing is considered a high‐stress occupation and officers have elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To investigate a potential connection, we evaluated the association between salivary cortisol response to a high‐protein meal challenge and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a subclinical disorder associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Methods
Cross‐sectional data were from the Buffalo Cardio‐Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004–2009). MetSyn was defined as having ≥3 components: abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose intolerance. Officers provided five saliva samples for cortisol analysis, one before challenge (high‐protein shake) and four at 15‐min intervals thereafter, where the usual response is increase. Regression models were used to examine trends in mean number of MetSyn components across quartiles of area under the curve (AUC) salivary cortisol. Patterns of mean cortisol response were assessed by MetSyn status using repeated‐measures analysis of covariance.
Results
Prevalence of MetSyn was 25.7% among 373 officers (74.0% male). The mean count of MetSyn components decreased (1.89, 1.75, 1.55, 1.37; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ajhb.22748 |
| format | Article |
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Policing is considered a high‐stress occupation and officers have elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To investigate a potential connection, we evaluated the association between salivary cortisol response to a high‐protein meal challenge and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a subclinical disorder associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Methods
Cross‐sectional data were from the Buffalo Cardio‐Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004–2009). MetSyn was defined as having ≥3 components: abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose intolerance. Officers provided five saliva samples for cortisol analysis, one before challenge (high‐protein shake) and four at 15‐min intervals thereafter, where the usual response is increase. Regression models were used to examine trends in mean number of MetSyn components across quartiles of area under the curve (AUC) salivary cortisol. Patterns of mean cortisol response were assessed by MetSyn status using repeated‐measures analysis of covariance.
Results
Prevalence of MetSyn was 25.7% among 373 officers (74.0% male). The mean count of MetSyn components decreased (1.89, 1.75, 1.55, 1.37; P < 0.01) across increasing quartiles of AUC salivary cortisol. Mean salivary cortisol decreased from baseline (5.55, 4.58, 4.47, 4.79, 4.75 nmol/l) in officers with MetSyn and increased (5.08, 5.82, 5.92, 5.82, 5.60 nmol/l) in their counterparts. The test for interaction between MetSyn status and time of saliva collection was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Reduced cortisol response to a high‐protein meal challenge may be associated with MetSyn. Future longitudinal studies could provide useful evidence for planning intervention studies on cardiovascular risk among police officers. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:138–144, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1042-0533</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-6300</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22748</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26088798</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage ; Dietary Proteins - metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology ; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology ; Middle Aged ; New York - epidemiology ; Police ; Proteins ; Saliva - chemistry ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>American journal of human biology, 2016-01, Vol.28 (1), p.138-144</ispartof><rights>2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5898-9c577917171b47e499db272632f3bfa47f31bffd6276c411697ffa8dcb99e2a63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5898-9c577917171b47e499db272632f3bfa47f31bffd6276c411697ffa8dcb99e2a63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fajhb.22748$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fajhb.22748$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26088798$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baughman, Penelope</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrew, Michael E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burchfiel, Cecil M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fekedulegn, Desta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartley, Tara A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Violanti, John M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Diane B.</creatorcontrib><title>High-protein meal challenge reveals the association between the salivary cortisol response and metabolic syndrome in police officers</title><title>American journal of human biology</title><addtitle>Am. J. Hum. Biol</addtitle><description>Objectives
Policing is considered a high‐stress occupation and officers have elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To investigate a potential connection, we evaluated the association between salivary cortisol response to a high‐protein meal challenge and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a subclinical disorder associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Methods
Cross‐sectional data were from the Buffalo Cardio‐Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004–2009). MetSyn was defined as having ≥3 components: abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose intolerance. Officers provided five saliva samples for cortisol analysis, one before challenge (high‐protein shake) and four at 15‐min intervals thereafter, where the usual response is increase. Regression models were used to examine trends in mean number of MetSyn components across quartiles of area under the curve (AUC) salivary cortisol. Patterns of mean cortisol response were assessed by MetSyn status using repeated‐measures analysis of covariance.
Results
Prevalence of MetSyn was 25.7% among 373 officers (74.0% male). The mean count of MetSyn components decreased (1.89, 1.75, 1.55, 1.37; P < 0.01) across increasing quartiles of AUC salivary cortisol. Mean salivary cortisol decreased from baseline (5.55, 4.58, 4.47, 4.79, 4.75 nmol/l) in officers with MetSyn and increased (5.08, 5.82, 5.92, 5.82, 5.60 nmol/l) in their counterparts. The test for interaction between MetSyn status and time of saliva collection was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Reduced cortisol response to a high‐protein meal challenge may be associated with MetSyn. Future longitudinal studies could provide useful evidence for planning intervention studies on cardiovascular risk among police officers. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:138–144, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dietary Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - etiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>New York - epidemiology</subject><subject>Police</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Saliva - chemistry</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1042-0533</issn><issn>1520-6300</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiMEoqVw4QegSFwQUoo_En9ckNoCXaoCAoHgZjnOeNdLYgc7u2Xv_HC83XYFHJAPY42feWfGb1E8xugYI0Re6OWiPSaE1-JOcYgbgipGEbqb76gmFWooPSgepLRECEmGxP3igOQguBSHxa-Zmy-qMYYJnC8H0H1pFrrvwc-hjLDOiVROCyh1SsE4PbngyxamKwB_nU-6d2sdN6UJcXIp9LkqjcGnXOK7rDjpNvTOlGnjuxgGKHOfcZuBMlibQ0wPi3s294FHN_Go-PLm9eezWXX54fzt2cllZRohRSVNw7nEPJ-25lBL2bWEE0aJpa3VNbcUt9Z2jHBmaoyZ5NZq0ZlWSiCa0aPi5U53XLUDdAb8FHWvxuiGvIEK2qm_X7xbqHlYq5qJWmCRBZ7dCMTwYwVpUoNLBvpeewirpLDADZP5x3lGn_6DLsMq-ryewryhGFPCZaae7ygTQ0oR7H4YjNTWXLU1V12bm-Enf46_R2_dzADeAVeuh81_pNTJxez0VrTa1bg0wc99jY7fFeOUN-rr-3P17uLjN_GKfVIN_Q3Xe8G3</recordid><startdate>201601</startdate><enddate>201601</enddate><creator>Baughman, Penelope</creator><creator>Andrew, Michael E.</creator><creator>Burchfiel, Cecil M.</creator><creator>Fekedulegn, Desta</creator><creator>Hartley, Tara A.</creator><creator>Violanti, John M.</creator><creator>Miller, Diane B.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201601</creationdate><title>High-protein meal challenge reveals the association between the salivary cortisol response and metabolic syndrome in police officers</title><author>Baughman, Penelope ; Andrew, Michael E. ; Burchfiel, Cecil M. ; Fekedulegn, Desta ; Hartley, Tara A. ; Violanti, John M. ; Miller, Diane B.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5898-9c577917171b47e499db272632f3bfa47f31bffd6276c411697ffa8dcb99e2a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dietary Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - etiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>New York - epidemiology</topic><topic>Police</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Saliva - chemistry</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baughman, Penelope</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrew, Michael E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burchfiel, Cecil M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fekedulegn, Desta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartley, Tara A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Violanti, John M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, Diane B.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>American journal of human biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baughman, Penelope</au><au>Andrew, Michael E.</au><au>Burchfiel, Cecil M.</au><au>Fekedulegn, Desta</au><au>Hartley, Tara A.</au><au>Violanti, John M.</au><au>Miller, Diane B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>High-protein meal challenge reveals the association between the salivary cortisol response and metabolic syndrome in police officers</atitle><jtitle>American journal of human biology</jtitle><addtitle>Am. J. Hum. Biol</addtitle><date>2016-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>138</spage><epage>144</epage><pages>138-144</pages><issn>1042-0533</issn><eissn>1520-6300</eissn><abstract>Objectives
Policing is considered a high‐stress occupation and officers have elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To investigate a potential connection, we evaluated the association between salivary cortisol response to a high‐protein meal challenge and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), a subclinical disorder associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Methods
Cross‐sectional data were from the Buffalo Cardio‐Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004–2009). MetSyn was defined as having ≥3 components: abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose intolerance. Officers provided five saliva samples for cortisol analysis, one before challenge (high‐protein shake) and four at 15‐min intervals thereafter, where the usual response is increase. Regression models were used to examine trends in mean number of MetSyn components across quartiles of area under the curve (AUC) salivary cortisol. Patterns of mean cortisol response were assessed by MetSyn status using repeated‐measures analysis of covariance.
Results
Prevalence of MetSyn was 25.7% among 373 officers (74.0% male). The mean count of MetSyn components decreased (1.89, 1.75, 1.55, 1.37; P < 0.01) across increasing quartiles of AUC salivary cortisol. Mean salivary cortisol decreased from baseline (5.55, 4.58, 4.47, 4.79, 4.75 nmol/l) in officers with MetSyn and increased (5.08, 5.82, 5.92, 5.82, 5.60 nmol/l) in their counterparts. The test for interaction between MetSyn status and time of saliva collection was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Reduced cortisol response to a high‐protein meal challenge may be associated with MetSyn. Future longitudinal studies could provide useful evidence for planning intervention studies on cardiovascular risk among police officers. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:138–144, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>26088798</pmid><doi>10.1002/ajhb.22748</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Cholesterol Cross-Sectional Studies Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage Dietary Proteins - metabolism Female Humans Hydrocortisone - metabolism Male Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology Metabolic Syndrome - etiology Middle Aged New York - epidemiology Police Proteins Saliva - chemistry Young Adult |
| title | High-protein meal challenge reveals the association between the salivary cortisol response and metabolic syndrome in police officers |
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