A combined solar and geomagnetic index for thermospheric climate
Infrared radiation from nitric oxide (NO) at 5.3 µm is a primary mechanism by which the thermosphere cools to space. The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the NASA Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite has been measuri...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical research letters 2015-05, Vol.42 (10), p.3677-3682 |
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| container_title | Geophysical research letters |
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| creator | Mlynczak, Martin G. Hunt, Linda A. Marshall, B. Thomas Russell III, James M. Mertens, Christopher J. Thompson, R. Earl Gordley, Larry L. |
| description | Infrared radiation from nitric oxide (NO) at 5.3 µm is a primary mechanism by which the thermosphere cools to space. The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the NASA Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite has been measuring thermospheric cooling by NO for over 13 years. In this letter we show that the SABER time series of globally integrated infrared power (watts) radiated by NO can be replicated accurately by a multiple linear regression fit using the F10.7, Ap, and Dst indices. This allows reconstruction of the NO power time series back nearly 70 years with extant databases of these indices. The relative roles of solar ultraviolet and geomagnetic processes in determining the NO cooling are derived and shown to vary significantly over the solar cycle. The NO power is a fundamental integral constraint on the thermospheric climate, and the time series presented here can be used to test upper atmosphere models over seven different solar cycles.
Key Points
F10.7, Ap, and Dst replicate time series of radiative cooling by nitric oxide
Quantified relative roles of solar irradiance, geomagnetism in radiative cooling
Establish a new index and extend record of thermospheric cooling back 70 years |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2015GL064038 |
| format | Article |
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Key Points
F10.7, Ap, and Dst replicate time series of radiative cooling by nitric oxide
Quantified relative roles of solar irradiance, geomagnetism in radiative cooling
Establish a new index and extend record of thermospheric cooling back 70 years</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2015GL064038</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26709319</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Atmosphere ; Atmospheric models ; Broadband ; Climate ; Climate change ; Cooling ; Cycles ; Dynamics ; Emission ; Geomagnetism ; I.R. radiation ; Infrared radiation ; Ionosphere ; Mesosphere ; Nitric oxide ; Radiation ; Radiometry ; Reconstruction ; Regression ; Regression analysis ; Research Letters ; Satellites ; Solar cycle ; Solar cycles ; Solar generators ; Solar power generation ; Sounding ; space climate ; Sun-Earth connection ; Thermosphere ; Thermospheric cooling ; Time series ; Ultraviolet ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Upper atmosphere</subject><ispartof>Geophysical research letters, 2015-05, Vol.42 (10), p.3677-3682</ispartof><rights>2015. The Authors.</rights><rights>2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>2015. The Authors. 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6207-29f685e4f9a3cf1393fa66361202ec4a711549f438a3584c749feadf55785c653</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6207-29f685e4f9a3cf1393fa66361202ec4a711549f438a3584c749feadf55785c653</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5330-541X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2015GL064038$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2015GL064038$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,1427,11493,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46443,46808,46867</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26709319$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mlynczak, Martin G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunt, Linda A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, B. Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russell III, James M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mertens, Christopher J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, R. Earl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gordley, Larry L.</creatorcontrib><title>A combined solar and geomagnetic index for thermospheric climate</title><title>Geophysical research letters</title><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><description>Infrared radiation from nitric oxide (NO) at 5.3 µm is a primary mechanism by which the thermosphere cools to space. The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the NASA Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite has been measuring thermospheric cooling by NO for over 13 years. In this letter we show that the SABER time series of globally integrated infrared power (watts) radiated by NO can be replicated accurately by a multiple linear regression fit using the F10.7, Ap, and Dst indices. This allows reconstruction of the NO power time series back nearly 70 years with extant databases of these indices. The relative roles of solar ultraviolet and geomagnetic processes in determining the NO cooling are derived and shown to vary significantly over the solar cycle. The NO power is a fundamental integral constraint on the thermospheric climate, and the time series presented here can be used to test upper atmosphere models over seven different solar cycles.
Key Points
F10.7, Ap, and Dst replicate time series of radiative cooling by nitric oxide
Quantified relative roles of solar irradiance, geomagnetism in radiative cooling
Establish a new index and extend record of thermospheric cooling back 70 years</description><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>Atmospheric models</subject><subject>Broadband</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cycles</subject><subject>Dynamics</subject><subject>Emission</subject><subject>Geomagnetism</subject><subject>I.R. radiation</subject><subject>Infrared radiation</subject><subject>Ionosphere</subject><subject>Mesosphere</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiometry</subject><subject>Reconstruction</subject><subject>Regression</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Research Letters</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Solar cycle</subject><subject>Solar cycles</subject><subject>Solar generators</subject><subject>Solar power generation</subject><subject>Sounding</subject><subject>space climate</subject><subject>Sun-Earth connection</subject><subject>Thermosphere</subject><subject>Thermospheric cooling</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Ultraviolet</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Upper atmosphere</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkjtvFDEUhS0EIptAR41GoqFg4PptNyghCgtiFRABIdFYjsfeOMyMF3sWkn-PYcMqUASq68d3jq6ODkIPMDzFAOQZAcznCxAMqLqFZlgz1ioAeRvNAHQ9Eyl20G4p5wBAgeK7aIcICZpiPUP7B41Lw2kcfdeU1Nvc2LFrlj4Ndjn6Kbomjp2_aELKzXTm85DKqo767vo42MnfQ3eC7Yu_fzX30MeXRx8OX7WLt_PXhweL1gkCsiU6CMU9C9pSFzDVNFghqMAEiHfMSow504FRZSlXzMl68bYLnEvFneB0Dz3f-K7Wp4PvnB-nbHuzynWLfGmSjebPnzGemWX6ZphQmHFRDR5fGeT0de3LZIZYnO97O_q0LgYrIgSjmOj_QEFRWVcj_0Zr0JIpqnFFH_2Fnqd1HmtoBmsMSgmi1I2UUFqD1r-oJxvK5VRK9mEbBAbzsxbmei0q_vB6eFv4dw8qQDbA99j7yxvNzPz9ghNNZBW1G1Esk7_Yimz-YoSs-ZhPx3Nz8uaY6JPP78wL-gMyRczq</recordid><startdate>20150528</startdate><enddate>20150528</enddate><creator>Mlynczak, Martin G.</creator><creator>Hunt, Linda A.</creator><creator>Marshall, B. 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Earl ; Gordley, Larry L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6207-29f685e4f9a3cf1393fa66361202ec4a711549f438a3584c749feadf55785c653</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Atmosphere</topic><topic>Atmospheric models</topic><topic>Broadband</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Cooling</topic><topic>Cycles</topic><topic>Dynamics</topic><topic>Emission</topic><topic>Geomagnetism</topic><topic>I.R. radiation</topic><topic>Infrared radiation</topic><topic>Ionosphere</topic><topic>Mesosphere</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Radiometry</topic><topic>Reconstruction</topic><topic>Regression</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Research Letters</topic><topic>Satellites</topic><topic>Solar cycle</topic><topic>Solar cycles</topic><topic>Solar generators</topic><topic>Solar power generation</topic><topic>Sounding</topic><topic>space climate</topic><topic>Sun-Earth connection</topic><topic>Thermosphere</topic><topic>Thermospheric cooling</topic><topic>Time series</topic><topic>Ultraviolet</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>Upper atmosphere</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mlynczak, Martin G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hunt, Linda A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, B. 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Thomas</au><au>Russell III, James M.</au><au>Mertens, Christopher J.</au><au>Thompson, R. Earl</au><au>Gordley, Larry L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A combined solar and geomagnetic index for thermospheric climate</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><addtitle>Geophys. Res. Lett</addtitle><date>2015-05-28</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>3677</spage><epage>3682</epage><pages>3677-3682</pages><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><abstract>Infrared radiation from nitric oxide (NO) at 5.3 µm is a primary mechanism by which the thermosphere cools to space. The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the NASA Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite has been measuring thermospheric cooling by NO for over 13 years. In this letter we show that the SABER time series of globally integrated infrared power (watts) radiated by NO can be replicated accurately by a multiple linear regression fit using the F10.7, Ap, and Dst indices. This allows reconstruction of the NO power time series back nearly 70 years with extant databases of these indices. The relative roles of solar ultraviolet and geomagnetic processes in determining the NO cooling are derived and shown to vary significantly over the solar cycle. The NO power is a fundamental integral constraint on the thermospheric climate, and the time series presented here can be used to test upper atmosphere models over seven different solar cycles.
Key Points
F10.7, Ap, and Dst replicate time series of radiative cooling by nitric oxide
Quantified relative roles of solar irradiance, geomagnetism in radiative cooling
Establish a new index and extend record of thermospheric cooling back 70 years</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>26709319</pmid><doi>10.1002/2015GL064038</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-541X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Online Library; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Archive; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Atmosphere Atmospheric models Broadband Climate Climate change Cooling Cycles Dynamics Emission Geomagnetism I.R. radiation Infrared radiation Ionosphere Mesosphere Nitric oxide Radiation Radiometry Reconstruction Regression Regression analysis Research Letters Satellites Solar cycle Solar cycles Solar generators Solar power generation Sounding space climate Sun-Earth connection Thermosphere Thermospheric cooling Time series Ultraviolet Ultraviolet radiation Upper atmosphere |
| title | A combined solar and geomagnetic index for thermospheric climate |
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