P16/INK4A up-regulation mediated by SIX6 defines retinal ganglion cell pathogenesis in glaucoma

Glaucoma, a blinding neurodegenerative disease, whose risk factors include elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age and genetics, is characterized by accelerated and progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Despite decades of research, the mechanism of RGC death in glaucoma is still unknown. H...

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Veröffentlicht in:Molecular cell 2015-09, Vol.59 (6), p.931-940
Hauptverfasser: Skowronska-Krawczyk, Dorota, Zhao, Ling, Zhu, Jie, Weinreb, Robert N., Luo, Jing, Flagg, Ken, Patel, Sherrina, Wen, Cindy, Krupa, Martin, Luo, Hongrong, Ouyang, Hong, Lin, Danni, Wang, Wengqiu, Li, Gen, Xu, Yanxin, Cao, Guiqun, Li, Oulan, Chung, Christopher, Yeh, Emily, Jafari, Maryam, Ai, Michael, Zhong, Zheng, Shi, William, Zheng, Lianghong, Krawczyk, Michal, Chen, Daniel, Shi, Catherine, Zin, Carolyn, Zhu, Jin, Mellon, Pamela L., Gao, Weiwei, Zhang, Liangfang, Sun, Xiaodong, Zhong, Sheng, Zhuo, Yehong, Rosenfeld, Michael G., Liu, Yizhi, Zhang, Kang
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container_end_page 940
container_issue 6
container_start_page 931
container_title Molecular cell
container_volume 59
creator Skowronska-Krawczyk, Dorota
Zhao, Ling
Zhu, Jie
Weinreb, Robert N.
Luo, Jing
Flagg, Ken
Patel, Sherrina
Wen, Cindy
Krupa, Martin
Luo, Hongrong
Ouyang, Hong
Lin, Danni
Wang, Wengqiu
Li, Gen
Xu, Yanxin
Cao, Guiqun
Li, Oulan
Chung, Christopher
Yeh, Emily
Jafari, Maryam
Ai, Michael
Zhong, Zheng
Shi, William
Zheng, Lianghong
Krawczyk, Michal
Chen, Daniel
Shi, Catherine
Zin, Carolyn
Zhu, Jin
Mellon, Pamela L.
Gao, Weiwei
Zhang, Liangfang
Sun, Xiaodong
Zhong, Sheng
Zhuo, Yehong
Rosenfeld, Michael G.
Liu, Yizhi
Zhang, Kang
description Glaucoma, a blinding neurodegenerative disease, whose risk factors include elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age and genetics, is characterized by accelerated and progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Despite decades of research, the mechanism of RGC death in glaucoma is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the genetic effect of the SIX6 risk-variant (rs33912345, His141Asn) is enhanced by another major POAG risk gene P16/INK4A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A). We further show that the upregulation of homozygous SIX6 risk alleles (CC) leads to an increase in P16/INK4A expression with a subsequent cellular senescence, as evidenced in a mouse model of elevated IOP and in human POAG eyes. Our data indicate that SIX6 and/or IOP promotes POAG by directly increasing P16/INK4A expression, leading to RGC senescence in adult human retinas. Our study provides important insights linking genetic susceptibility to the underlying mechanism of RGC death and provides a unified theory of glaucoma pathogenesis.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.027
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title P16/INK4A up-regulation mediated by SIX6 defines retinal ganglion cell pathogenesis in glaucoma
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