Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to BMI and weight change among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study
Aims/hypothesis Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are advised to control their weight after pregnancy. We aimed to examine how adiposity and weight change influence the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM. Methods We included 1,695 women who had incident...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetologia 2015-06, Vol.58 (6), p.1212-1219 |
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| creator | Bao, Wei Yeung, Edwina Tobias, Deirdre K. Hu, Frank B. Vaag, Allan A. Chavarro, Jorge E. Mills, James L. Grunnet, Louise G. Bowers, Katherine Ley, Sylvia H. Kiely, Michele Olsen, Sjurdur F. Zhang, Cuilin |
| description | Aims/hypothesis
Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are advised to control their weight after pregnancy. We aimed to examine how adiposity and weight change influence the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM.
Methods
We included 1,695 women who had incident GDM between 1991 and 2001, as part of the Diabetes & Women’s Health study, and followed them until the return of the 2009 questionnaire. Body weight and incident type 2 diabetic cases were reported biennially. We defined baseline as the questionnaire period when women reported an incident GDM pregnancy. We estimated HRs and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
We documented 259 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during up to 18 years of follow-up. The adjusted HRs of type 2 diabetes associated with each 1 kg/m
2
increase in BMI were 1.16 (95% CI 1.12, 1.19) for baseline BMI and 1.16 (95% CI 1.13, 1.20) for most recent BMI. Moreover, each 5 kg increment of weight gain after GDM development was associated with a 27% higher risk of type 2 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.04, 1.54). Jointly, women who had a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m
2
at baseline and gained ≥5 kg after GDM had an adjusted HR of 43.19 (95% CI 13.60, 137.11), compared with women who had a BMI |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00125-015-3537-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4629783</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3670789331</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-a9daa6bfcdc10576f931997769d4d8624491e4c9e157d9c7935b79c707b398353</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNks1u1DAUhS0EokPhAdggS2zYBPwb2yyQSsVPpUFsQGJnOY6TuCTxYDsdzRPxmnhIqQoIidVd3O-e63N9AHiM0XOMkHiREMKEVwjzinIqKnYHbDCjpEKMyLtgc2xXWNZfTsCDlC4RQpSz-j44IVyomgq8Ad-3Ye6r7OIEo09fYehgPuwcJLD1pnHZJTi5cfR5SdDPMLrRZB9mmAN8_eECmrmFe-f7IUM7mLl30ExFEO7D5Ga493mABg4-5RAPR-3epfxTwIx_L3hZ2F0Maeds9lcO2jCEmGHKS3t4CO51Zkzu0XU9BZ_fvvl0_r7afnx3cX62rSwXNFdGtcbUTWdbixEXdacoVkqIWrWslTVhTGHHrHKYi1ZZoShvRKlINFTJcsRT8GrV3S3N5Frr5hzNqHfRTyYedDBe_96Z_aD7cKVZTZSQtAg8uxaI4dtS7OrJJ1scmtmFJWksJRacSfQfaC2ElARjUdCnf6CXYYnliitFkaSCFAqvlC1XTNF1N-_GSB8To9fE6JIYfUyMZmXmyW3DNxO_IlIAsgKptMoPx1ur_6n6A958ziQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1677308372</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to BMI and weight change among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer journals</source><creator>Bao, Wei ; Yeung, Edwina ; Tobias, Deirdre K. ; Hu, Frank B. ; Vaag, Allan A. ; Chavarro, Jorge E. ; Mills, James L. ; Grunnet, Louise G. ; Bowers, Katherine ; Ley, Sylvia H. ; Kiely, Michele ; Olsen, Sjurdur F. ; Zhang, Cuilin</creator><creatorcontrib>Bao, Wei ; Yeung, Edwina ; Tobias, Deirdre K. ; Hu, Frank B. ; Vaag, Allan A. ; Chavarro, Jorge E. ; Mills, James L. ; Grunnet, Louise G. ; Bowers, Katherine ; Ley, Sylvia H. ; Kiely, Michele ; Olsen, Sjurdur F. ; Zhang, Cuilin</creatorcontrib><description>Aims/hypothesis
Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are advised to control their weight after pregnancy. We aimed to examine how adiposity and weight change influence the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM.
Methods
We included 1,695 women who had incident GDM between 1991 and 2001, as part of the Diabetes & Women’s Health study, and followed them until the return of the 2009 questionnaire. Body weight and incident type 2 diabetic cases were reported biennially. We defined baseline as the questionnaire period when women reported an incident GDM pregnancy. We estimated HRs and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
We documented 259 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during up to 18 years of follow-up. The adjusted HRs of type 2 diabetes associated with each 1 kg/m
2
increase in BMI were 1.16 (95% CI 1.12, 1.19) for baseline BMI and 1.16 (95% CI 1.13, 1.20) for most recent BMI. Moreover, each 5 kg increment of weight gain after GDM development was associated with a 27% higher risk of type 2 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.04, 1.54). Jointly, women who had a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m
2
at baseline and gained ≥5 kg after GDM had an adjusted HR of 43.19 (95% CI 13.60, 137.11), compared with women who had a BMI <25.0 kg/m
2
at baseline and gained <5 kg after GDM.
Conclusions/interpretation
Baseline BMI, most recent BMI and weight gain after GDM were significantly and positively associated with risk of progression from GDM to type 2 diabetes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-186X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0428</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3537-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25796371</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adiposity ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology ; Diabetes, Gestational - physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity - complications ; Pregnancy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weight Gain ; Womens history</subject><ispartof>Diabetologia, 2015-06, Vol.58 (6), p.1212-1219</ispartof><rights>Springer Verlag (outside the USA) 2015</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-a9daa6bfcdc10576f931997769d4d8624491e4c9e157d9c7935b79c707b398353</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-a9daa6bfcdc10576f931997769d4d8624491e4c9e157d9c7935b79c707b398353</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-015-3537-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00125-015-3537-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25796371$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bao, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yeung, Edwina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tobias, Deirdre K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Frank B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaag, Allan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chavarro, Jorge E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mills, James L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grunnet, Louise G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowers, Katherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ley, Sylvia H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiely, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olsen, Sjurdur F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Cuilin</creatorcontrib><title>Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to BMI and weight change among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study</title><title>Diabetologia</title><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><description>Aims/hypothesis
Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are advised to control their weight after pregnancy. We aimed to examine how adiposity and weight change influence the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM.
Methods
We included 1,695 women who had incident GDM between 1991 and 2001, as part of the Diabetes & Women’s Health study, and followed them until the return of the 2009 questionnaire. Body weight and incident type 2 diabetic cases were reported biennially. We defined baseline as the questionnaire period when women reported an incident GDM pregnancy. We estimated HRs and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
We documented 259 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during up to 18 years of follow-up. The adjusted HRs of type 2 diabetes associated with each 1 kg/m
2
increase in BMI were 1.16 (95% CI 1.12, 1.19) for baseline BMI and 1.16 (95% CI 1.13, 1.20) for most recent BMI. Moreover, each 5 kg increment of weight gain after GDM development was associated with a 27% higher risk of type 2 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.04, 1.54). Jointly, women who had a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m
2
at baseline and gained ≥5 kg after GDM had an adjusted HR of 43.19 (95% CI 13.60, 137.11), compared with women who had a BMI <25.0 kg/m
2
at baseline and gained <5 kg after GDM.
Conclusions/interpretation
Baseline BMI, most recent BMI and weight gain after GDM were significantly and positively associated with risk of progression from GDM to type 2 diabetes.</description><subject>Adiposity</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology</subject><subject>Diabetes, Gestational - physiopathology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Obesity - complications</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Weight Gain</subject><subject>Womens history</subject><issn>0012-186X</issn><issn>1432-0428</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks1u1DAUhS0EokPhAdggS2zYBPwb2yyQSsVPpUFsQGJnOY6TuCTxYDsdzRPxmnhIqQoIidVd3O-e63N9AHiM0XOMkHiREMKEVwjzinIqKnYHbDCjpEKMyLtgc2xXWNZfTsCDlC4RQpSz-j44IVyomgq8Ad-3Ye6r7OIEo09fYehgPuwcJLD1pnHZJTi5cfR5SdDPMLrRZB9mmAN8_eECmrmFe-f7IUM7mLl30ExFEO7D5Ga493mABg4-5RAPR-3epfxTwIx_L3hZ2F0Maeds9lcO2jCEmGHKS3t4CO51Zkzu0XU9BZ_fvvl0_r7afnx3cX62rSwXNFdGtcbUTWdbixEXdacoVkqIWrWslTVhTGHHrHKYi1ZZoShvRKlINFTJcsRT8GrV3S3N5Frr5hzNqHfRTyYedDBe_96Z_aD7cKVZTZSQtAg8uxaI4dtS7OrJJ1scmtmFJWksJRacSfQfaC2ElARjUdCnf6CXYYnliitFkaSCFAqvlC1XTNF1N-_GSB8To9fE6JIYfUyMZmXmyW3DNxO_IlIAsgKptMoPx1ur_6n6A958ziQ</recordid><startdate>20150601</startdate><enddate>20150601</enddate><creator>Bao, Wei</creator><creator>Yeung, Edwina</creator><creator>Tobias, Deirdre K.</creator><creator>Hu, Frank B.</creator><creator>Vaag, Allan A.</creator><creator>Chavarro, Jorge E.</creator><creator>Mills, James L.</creator><creator>Grunnet, Louise G.</creator><creator>Bowers, Katherine</creator><creator>Ley, Sylvia H.</creator><creator>Kiely, Michele</creator><creator>Olsen, Sjurdur F.</creator><creator>Zhang, Cuilin</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150601</creationdate><title>Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to BMI and weight change among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study</title><author>Bao, Wei ; Yeung, Edwina ; Tobias, Deirdre K. ; Hu, Frank B. ; Vaag, Allan A. ; Chavarro, Jorge E. ; Mills, James L. ; Grunnet, Louise G. ; Bowers, Katherine ; Ley, Sylvia H. ; Kiely, Michele ; Olsen, Sjurdur F. ; Zhang, Cuilin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c573t-a9daa6bfcdc10576f931997769d4d8624491e4c9e157d9c7935b79c707b398353</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adiposity</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology</topic><topic>Diabetes, Gestational - physiopathology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Obesity - complications</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Weight Gain</topic><topic>Womens history</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bao, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yeung, Edwina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tobias, Deirdre K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Frank B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaag, Allan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chavarro, Jorge E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mills, James L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grunnet, Louise G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowers, Katherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ley, Sylvia H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kiely, Michele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olsen, Sjurdur F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Cuilin</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bao, Wei</au><au>Yeung, Edwina</au><au>Tobias, Deirdre K.</au><au>Hu, Frank B.</au><au>Vaag, Allan A.</au><au>Chavarro, Jorge E.</au><au>Mills, James L.</au><au>Grunnet, Louise G.</au><au>Bowers, Katherine</au><au>Ley, Sylvia H.</au><au>Kiely, Michele</au><au>Olsen, Sjurdur F.</au><au>Zhang, Cuilin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to BMI and weight change among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study</atitle><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle><stitle>Diabetologia</stitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><date>2015-06-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1212</spage><epage>1219</epage><pages>1212-1219</pages><issn>0012-186X</issn><eissn>1432-0428</eissn><abstract>Aims/hypothesis
Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are advised to control their weight after pregnancy. We aimed to examine how adiposity and weight change influence the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM.
Methods
We included 1,695 women who had incident GDM between 1991 and 2001, as part of the Diabetes & Women’s Health study, and followed them until the return of the 2009 questionnaire. Body weight and incident type 2 diabetic cases were reported biennially. We defined baseline as the questionnaire period when women reported an incident GDM pregnancy. We estimated HRs and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
We documented 259 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during up to 18 years of follow-up. The adjusted HRs of type 2 diabetes associated with each 1 kg/m
2
increase in BMI were 1.16 (95% CI 1.12, 1.19) for baseline BMI and 1.16 (95% CI 1.13, 1.20) for most recent BMI. Moreover, each 5 kg increment of weight gain after GDM development was associated with a 27% higher risk of type 2 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.04, 1.54). Jointly, women who had a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m
2
at baseline and gained ≥5 kg after GDM had an adjusted HR of 43.19 (95% CI 13.60, 137.11), compared with women who had a BMI <25.0 kg/m
2
at baseline and gained <5 kg after GDM.
Conclusions/interpretation
Baseline BMI, most recent BMI and weight gain after GDM were significantly and positively associated with risk of progression from GDM to type 2 diabetes.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>25796371</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00125-015-3537-4</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0012-186X |
| ispartof | Diabetologia, 2015-06, Vol.58 (6), p.1212-1219 |
| issn | 0012-186X 1432-0428 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer journals |
| subjects | Adiposity Adult Body Mass Index Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology Diabetes, Gestational - physiopathology Female Follow-Up Studies Human Physiology Humans Internal Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Obesity - complications Pregnancy Proportional Hazards Models Prospective Studies Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Weight Gain Womens history |
| title | Long-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to BMI and weight change among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study |
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