Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion
Soccer is played by more than 250 million people worldwide. Repeatedly heading the ball may place soccer players at high risk for repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI). This study evaluates the long-term effects of RSHI on neurochemistry in athletes without a history of clinically diagnosed c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of neurotrauma 2015-09, Vol.32 (17), p.1287-1293 |
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| creator | Koerte, Inga K Lin, Alexander P Muehlmann, Marc Merugumala, Sai Liao, Huijun Starr, Tyler Kaufmann, David Mayinger, Michael Steffinger, Denise Fisch, Barbara Karch, Susanne Heinen, Florian Ertl-Wagner, Birgit Reiser, Maximilian Stern, Robert A Zafonte, Ross Shenton, Martha E |
| description | Soccer is played by more than 250 million people worldwide. Repeatedly heading the ball may place soccer players at high risk for repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI). This study evaluates the long-term effects of RSHI on neurochemistry in athletes without a history of clinically diagnosed concussion, but with a high exposure to RSHI. Eleven former professional soccer players (mean age 52.0±6.8 years) and a comparison cohort of 14 age- and gender-matched, former non-contact sport athletes (mean age 46.9±7.9 years) underwent 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and neurocognitive evaluation. In the soccer players a significant increase was observed in both choline (Cho), a membrane marker, and myo-inositol (ml), a marker of glial activation, compared with control athletes. Additionally, ml and glutathione (GSH) were significantly correlated with lifetime estimate of RSHI within the soccer group. There was no significant difference in neurocognitive tests between groups. Results of this study suggest an association between RSHI in soccer players and MRS markers of neuroinflammation, suggesting that even subconcussive head impacts affect the neurochemistry of the brain and may precede neurocognitive changes. Future studies will need to determine the role of neuroinflammation in RSHI and the effect on neurocognitive function. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1089/neu.2014.3715 |
| format | Article |
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Repeatedly heading the ball may place soccer players at high risk for repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI). This study evaluates the long-term effects of RSHI on neurochemistry in athletes without a history of clinically diagnosed concussion, but with a high exposure to RSHI. Eleven former professional soccer players (mean age 52.0±6.8 years) and a comparison cohort of 14 age- and gender-matched, former non-contact sport athletes (mean age 46.9±7.9 years) underwent 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and neurocognitive evaluation. In the soccer players a significant increase was observed in both choline (Cho), a membrane marker, and myo-inositol (ml), a marker of glial activation, compared with control athletes. Additionally, ml and glutathione (GSH) were significantly correlated with lifetime estimate of RSHI within the soccer group. There was no significant difference in neurocognitive tests between groups. Results of this study suggest an association between RSHI in soccer players and MRS markers of neuroinflammation, suggesting that even subconcussive head impacts affect the neurochemistry of the brain and may precede neurocognitive changes. Future studies will need to determine the role of neuroinflammation in RSHI and the effect on neurocognitive function.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0897-7151</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9042</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3715</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25843317</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Alzheimer's disease ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries - diagnosis ; Brain Chemistry ; Child & adolescent psychiatry ; Concussion ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medical schools ; Middle Aged ; Neurochemistry ; Neuroimaging ; Neurosciences ; Occupational Diseases - diagnosis ; Original ; Psychotherapy ; Soccer ; Trauma ; Traumatic brain injury ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Journal of neurotrauma, 2015-09, Vol.32 (17), p.1287-1293</ispartof><rights>(©) Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-a35b13bcf56e94e57d6e43826cf1e3601203938ef279c594de363c766f0a469b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-a35b13bcf56e94e57d6e43826cf1e3601203938ef279c594de363c766f0a469b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,27926,27927</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25843317$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Koerte, Inga K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Alexander P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muehlmann, Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merugumala, Sai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liao, Huijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Starr, Tyler</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaufmann, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayinger, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steffinger, Denise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fisch, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karch, Susanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heinen, Florian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ertl-Wagner, Birgit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reiser, Maximilian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stern, Robert A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zafonte, Ross</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shenton, Martha E</creatorcontrib><title>Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion</title><title>Journal of neurotrauma</title><addtitle>J Neurotrauma</addtitle><description>Soccer is played by more than 250 million people worldwide. Repeatedly heading the ball may place soccer players at high risk for repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI). This study evaluates the long-term effects of RSHI on neurochemistry in athletes without a history of clinically diagnosed concussion, but with a high exposure to RSHI. Eleven former professional soccer players (mean age 52.0±6.8 years) and a comparison cohort of 14 age- and gender-matched, former non-contact sport athletes (mean age 46.9±7.9 years) underwent 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and neurocognitive evaluation. In the soccer players a significant increase was observed in both choline (Cho), a membrane marker, and myo-inositol (ml), a marker of glial activation, compared with control athletes. Additionally, ml and glutathione (GSH) were significantly correlated with lifetime estimate of RSHI within the soccer group. There was no significant difference in neurocognitive tests between groups. Results of this study suggest an association between RSHI in soccer players and MRS markers of neuroinflammation, suggesting that even subconcussive head impacts affect the neurochemistry of the brain and may precede neurocognitive changes. Future studies will need to determine the role of neuroinflammation in RSHI and the effect on neurocognitive function.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alzheimer's disease</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - diagnosis</subject><subject>Brain Chemistry</subject><subject>Child & adolescent psychiatry</subject><subject>Concussion</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medical schools</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neurochemistry</subject><subject>Neuroimaging</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Psychotherapy</subject><subject>Soccer</subject><subject>Trauma</subject><subject>Traumatic brain injury</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>0897-7151</issn><issn>1557-9042</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1rGzEQxUVoSNy0x16DoJde1pE0-ti9BIKJ64BJAklvBSHLs_WG9SqRdlP831fbfJD00pPgze89NPMI-cLZlLOyOulwmArG5RQMV3tkwpUyRcWk-EAmeW6KLPND8jGlO8Y4aGEOyKFQpQTgZkJ-nrU9RlzTSxxi8BvcNqmPO9p0dB7iFiO9jqHGlJrQuZbeBO9HrXU7jIn-bvpNGHrq6CLbQvaFms5C54e_hk9kv3Ztws_P7xH5MT-_nS2K5dX3i9nZsvBSln3hQK04rHytNFYSlVlrlFAK7WuOoBkXDCoosRam8qqS6yyCN1rXzEldreCInD7l3g-rLa49dn10rb2PzdbFnQ2use8nXbOxv8KjlUoqMCIHfHsOiOFhwNTbfAaPbes6DEOyvAQDoLng_0cNU9JopVlGv_6D3oUh5jOOFDdKCpBjYPFE-RhSili__pszO1Zsc8V2rNiOFWf--O2yr_RLp_AHsbmieQ</recordid><startdate>20150901</startdate><enddate>20150901</enddate><creator>Koerte, Inga K</creator><creator>Lin, Alexander P</creator><creator>Muehlmann, Marc</creator><creator>Merugumala, Sai</creator><creator>Liao, Huijun</creator><creator>Starr, Tyler</creator><creator>Kaufmann, David</creator><creator>Mayinger, Michael</creator><creator>Steffinger, Denise</creator><creator>Fisch, Barbara</creator><creator>Karch, Susanne</creator><creator>Heinen, Florian</creator><creator>Ertl-Wagner, Birgit</creator><creator>Reiser, Maximilian</creator><creator>Stern, Robert A</creator><creator>Zafonte, Ross</creator><creator>Shenton, Martha E</creator><general>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150901</creationdate><title>Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion</title><author>Koerte, Inga K ; Lin, Alexander P ; Muehlmann, Marc ; Merugumala, Sai ; Liao, Huijun ; Starr, Tyler ; Kaufmann, David ; Mayinger, Michael ; Steffinger, Denise ; Fisch, Barbara ; Karch, Susanne ; Heinen, Florian ; Ertl-Wagner, Birgit ; Reiser, Maximilian ; Stern, Robert A ; Zafonte, Ross ; Shenton, Martha E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-a35b13bcf56e94e57d6e43826cf1e3601203938ef279c594de363c766f0a469b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Alzheimer's disease</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of neurotrauma</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Koerte, Inga K</au><au>Lin, Alexander P</au><au>Muehlmann, Marc</au><au>Merugumala, Sai</au><au>Liao, Huijun</au><au>Starr, Tyler</au><au>Kaufmann, David</au><au>Mayinger, Michael</au><au>Steffinger, Denise</au><au>Fisch, Barbara</au><au>Karch, Susanne</au><au>Heinen, Florian</au><au>Ertl-Wagner, Birgit</au><au>Reiser, Maximilian</au><au>Stern, Robert A</au><au>Zafonte, Ross</au><au>Shenton, Martha E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion</atitle><jtitle>Journal of neurotrauma</jtitle><addtitle>J Neurotrauma</addtitle><date>2015-09-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>17</issue><spage>1287</spage><epage>1293</epage><pages>1287-1293</pages><issn>0897-7151</issn><eissn>1557-9042</eissn><abstract>Soccer is played by more than 250 million people worldwide. Repeatedly heading the ball may place soccer players at high risk for repetitive subconcussive head impacts (RSHI). This study evaluates the long-term effects of RSHI on neurochemistry in athletes without a history of clinically diagnosed concussion, but with a high exposure to RSHI. Eleven former professional soccer players (mean age 52.0±6.8 years) and a comparison cohort of 14 age- and gender-matched, former non-contact sport athletes (mean age 46.9±7.9 years) underwent 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and neurocognitive evaluation. In the soccer players a significant increase was observed in both choline (Cho), a membrane marker, and myo-inositol (ml), a marker of glial activation, compared with control athletes. Additionally, ml and glutathione (GSH) were significantly correlated with lifetime estimate of RSHI within the soccer group. There was no significant difference in neurocognitive tests between groups. Results of this study suggest an association between RSHI in soccer players and MRS markers of neuroinflammation, suggesting that even subconcussive head impacts affect the neurochemistry of the brain and may precede neurocognitive changes. Future studies will need to determine the role of neuroinflammation in RSHI and the effect on neurocognitive function.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc</pub><pmid>25843317</pmid><doi>10.1089/neu.2014.3715</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Alzheimer's disease Athletes Athletic Injuries - diagnosis Brain Chemistry Child & adolescent psychiatry Concussion Hospitals Humans Laboratories Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Male Medical imaging Medical schools Middle Aged Neurochemistry Neuroimaging Neurosciences Occupational Diseases - diagnosis Original Psychotherapy Soccer Trauma Traumatic brain injury Womens health |
| title | Altered Neurochemistry in Former Professional Soccer Players without a History of Concussion |
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