GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration
GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is present in human plasma, saliva, and urine but declines with age. It is proposed that GHK functions as a complex with copper 2+ which accelerates wound healing and skin repair. GHK stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans and modu...
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| creator | Pickart, Loren Margolina, Anna Vasquez-Soltero, Jessica Michelle |
| description | GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is present in human plasma, saliva, and urine but declines with age. It is proposed that GHK functions as a complex with copper 2+ which accelerates wound healing and skin repair. GHK stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans and modulates the activity of both metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. It stimulates collagen, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and the small proteoglycan, decorin. It also restores replicative vitality to fibroblasts after radiation therapy. The molecule attracts immune and endothelial cells to the site of an injury. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin, hair follicles, gastrointestinal tract, boney tissue, and foot pads of dogs. It also induces systemic wound healing in rats, mice, and pigs. In cosmetic products, it has been found to tighten loose skin and improve elasticity, skin density, and firmness, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, reduce photodamage, and hyperpigmentation, and increase keratinocyte proliferation. GHK has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for skin inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and metastatic colon cancer. It is capable of up- and downregulating at least 4,000 human genes, essentially resetting DNA to a healthier state. The present review revisits GHK’s role in skin regeneration in the light of recent discoveries. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2015/648108 |
| format | Article |
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It is proposed that GHK functions as a complex with copper 2+ which accelerates wound healing and skin repair. GHK stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans and modulates the activity of both metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. It stimulates collagen, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and the small proteoglycan, decorin. It also restores replicative vitality to fibroblasts after radiation therapy. The molecule attracts immune and endothelial cells to the site of an injury. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin, hair follicles, gastrointestinal tract, boney tissue, and foot pads of dogs. It also induces systemic wound healing in rats, mice, and pigs. In cosmetic products, it has been found to tighten loose skin and improve elasticity, skin density, and firmness, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, reduce photodamage, and hyperpigmentation, and increase keratinocyte proliferation. GHK has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for skin inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and metastatic colon cancer. It is capable of up- and downregulating at least 4,000 human genes, essentially resetting DNA to a healthier state. The present review revisits GHK’s role in skin regeneration in the light of recent discoveries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2015/648108</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26236730</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Animals ; Breakdowns ; Cancer ; Cancer therapies ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Collagen ; Copper ; Fibroblasts ; Gene expression ; Genomes ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Metastasis ; Neoplasm Metastasis - genetics ; Oligopeptides - chemistry ; Oligopeptides - metabolism ; Peptides ; Physiological aspects ; Physiological research ; Proteins ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - metabolism ; R&D ; Regeneration ; Regeneration (Biology) ; Research & development ; Review ; Rodents ; Signal Transduction ; Skin ; Skin - metabolism ; Skin - pathology ; Studies ; Tissue engineering ; Wound Healing</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2015-01, Vol.2015 (2015), p.1-7</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2015 Loren Pickart et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Loren Pickart et al. Loren Pickart et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 Loren Pickart et al. 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-c3b797774c79f568a72bcbf9ba731477944749c89eed9f85095a91be5de897e73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-c3b797774c79f568a72bcbf9ba731477944749c89eed9f85095a91be5de897e73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8759-167X ; 0000-0003-4243-4686</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508379/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508379/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236730$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Griffith, May</contributor><creatorcontrib>Pickart, Loren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Margolina, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasquez-Soltero, Jessica Michelle</creatorcontrib><title>GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is present in human plasma, saliva, and urine but declines with age. It is proposed that GHK functions as a complex with copper 2+ which accelerates wound healing and skin repair. GHK stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans and modulates the activity of both metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. It stimulates collagen, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and the small proteoglycan, decorin. It also restores replicative vitality to fibroblasts after radiation therapy. The molecule attracts immune and endothelial cells to the site of an injury. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin, hair follicles, gastrointestinal tract, boney tissue, and foot pads of dogs. It also induces systemic wound healing in rats, mice, and pigs. In cosmetic products, it has been found to tighten loose skin and improve elasticity, skin density, and firmness, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, reduce photodamage, and hyperpigmentation, and increase keratinocyte proliferation. GHK has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for skin inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and metastatic colon cancer. It is capable of up- and downregulating at least 4,000 human genes, essentially resetting DNA to a healthier state. The present review revisits GHK’s role in skin regeneration in the light of recent discoveries.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Breakdowns</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>Collagen</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Neoplasm Metastasis - genetics</subject><subject>Oligopeptides - chemistry</subject><subject>Oligopeptides - metabolism</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiological research</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - metabolism</subject><subject>R&D</subject><subject>Regeneration</subject><subject>Regeneration (Biology)</subject><subject>Research & development</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pickart, Loren</au><au>Margolina, Anna</au><au>Vasquez-Soltero, Jessica Michelle</au><au>Griffith, May</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2015-01-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>2015</volume><issue>2015</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>7</epage><pages>1-7</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>GHK (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine) is present in human plasma, saliva, and urine but declines with age. It is proposed that GHK functions as a complex with copper 2+ which accelerates wound healing and skin repair. GHK stimulates both synthesis and breakdown of collagen and glycosaminoglycans and modulates the activity of both metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. It stimulates collagen, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and the small proteoglycan, decorin. It also restores replicative vitality to fibroblasts after radiation therapy. The molecule attracts immune and endothelial cells to the site of an injury. It accelerates wound-healing of the skin, hair follicles, gastrointestinal tract, boney tissue, and foot pads of dogs. It also induces systemic wound healing in rats, mice, and pigs. In cosmetic products, it has been found to tighten loose skin and improve elasticity, skin density, and firmness, reduce fine lines and wrinkles, reduce photodamage, and hyperpigmentation, and increase keratinocyte proliferation. GHK has been proposed as a therapeutic agent for skin inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and metastatic colon cancer. It is capable of up- and downregulating at least 4,000 human genes, essentially resetting DNA to a healthier state. The present review revisits GHK’s role in skin regeneration in the light of recent discoveries.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>26236730</pmid><doi>10.1155/2015/648108</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-167X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-4686</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Breakdowns Cancer Cancer therapies Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Collagen Copper Fibroblasts Gene expression Genomes Humans Inflammation Metastasis Neoplasm Metastasis - genetics Oligopeptides - chemistry Oligopeptides - metabolism Peptides Physiological aspects Physiological research Proteins Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - metabolism R&D Regeneration Regeneration (Biology) Research & development Review Rodents Signal Transduction Skin Skin - metabolism Skin - pathology Studies Tissue engineering Wound Healing |
| title | GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration |
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