Fluorescent markers for the Spitzenkörper and exocytosis in Zymoseptoria tritici
•We establish Z. tritici polarity markers ZtSec4, ZtMlc1, ZtRab11, ZtExo70 and ZtSpa2.•All markers localize correctly, labeling the Spitzenkörper and sites of polar exocytosis.•We provide 5 carboxin-resistance conveying vectors for integration of all markers into the sdi1 locus.•We provide 5 hygromy...
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description | •We establish Z. tritici polarity markers ZtSec4, ZtMlc1, ZtRab11, ZtExo70 and ZtSpa2.•All markers localize correctly, labeling the Spitzenkörper and sites of polar exocytosis.•We provide 5 carboxin-resistance conveying vectors for integration of all markers into the sdi1 locus.•We provide 5 hygromycin B-resistance conveying vectors for random integration of all markers.
Fungal hyphae are highly polarized cells that invade their substrate by tip growth. In plant pathogenic fungi, hyphal growth is essential for host invasion. This makes polarity factors and secretion regulators potential new targets for novel fungicides. Polarization requires delivery of secretory vesicles to the apical Spitzenkörper, followed by polarized exocytosis at the expanding cell tip. Here, we introduce fluorescent markers to visualize the apical Spitzenkörper and the apical site of exocytosis in hyphae of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We fused green fluorescent protein to the small GTPase ZtSec4, the myosin light chain ZtMlc1 and the small GTPase ZtRab11 and co-localize the fusion proteins with the dye FM4-64 in the hyphal apex, suggesting that the markers label the hyphal Spitzenkörper in Z. tritici. In addition, we localize GFP-fusions to the exocyst protein ZtExo70, the polarisome protein ZtSpa2. Consistent with results in the ascomycete Neurospora crassa, these markers did localize near the plasma membrane at the hyphal tip and only partially co-localize with FM4-64. Thus, these fluorescent markers are useful molecular tools that allow phenotypic analysis of mutants in Z. tritici. These tools will help develop new avenues of research in our quest to control STB infection in wheat. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.04.014 |
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Fungal hyphae are highly polarized cells that invade their substrate by tip growth. In plant pathogenic fungi, hyphal growth is essential for host invasion. This makes polarity factors and secretion regulators potential new targets for novel fungicides. Polarization requires delivery of secretory vesicles to the apical Spitzenkörper, followed by polarized exocytosis at the expanding cell tip. Here, we introduce fluorescent markers to visualize the apical Spitzenkörper and the apical site of exocytosis in hyphae of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We fused green fluorescent protein to the small GTPase ZtSec4, the myosin light chain ZtMlc1 and the small GTPase ZtRab11 and co-localize the fusion proteins with the dye FM4-64 in the hyphal apex, suggesting that the markers label the hyphal Spitzenkörper in Z. tritici. In addition, we localize GFP-fusions to the exocyst protein ZtExo70, the polarisome protein ZtSpa2. Consistent with results in the ascomycete Neurospora crassa, these markers did localize near the plasma membrane at the hyphal tip and only partially co-localize with FM4-64. Thus, these fluorescent markers are useful molecular tools that allow phenotypic analysis of mutants in Z. tritici. These tools will help develop new avenues of research in our quest to control STB infection in wheat.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1087-1845</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0937</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.04.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26092802</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Ascomycetes ; Ascomycota - chemistry ; Ascomycota - genetics ; Ascomycota - physiology ; Exocytosis ; Fungal Proteins - analysis ; Fungal Proteins - genetics ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis ; Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics ; Hyphae - chemistry ; Hyphae - genetics ; Hyphae - physiology ; Hyphal tip ; Mycosphaerella graminicola ; Neurospora crassa ; Optical Imaging - methods ; Organelles - chemistry ; Pathogenic fungi ; Plant Diseases - microbiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - analysis ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics ; Secretion ; Septoria tritici blotch ; Staining and Labeling - methods ; Triticum - microbiology ; Triticum aestivum</subject><ispartof>Fungal genetics and biology, 2015-06, Vol.79, p.158-165</ispartof><rights>2015 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2015 The Authors 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-cbaa0b00f2aa077ffb9260495d63ca773c37bb957204cde1c7e652cc976be70f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-cbaa0b00f2aa077ffb9260495d63ca773c37bb957204cde1c7e652cc976be70f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2015.04.014$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26092802$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guo, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kilaru, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuster, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latz, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steinberg, G.</creatorcontrib><title>Fluorescent markers for the Spitzenkörper and exocytosis in Zymoseptoria tritici</title><title>Fungal genetics and biology</title><addtitle>Fungal Genet Biol</addtitle><description>•We establish Z. tritici polarity markers ZtSec4, ZtMlc1, ZtRab11, ZtExo70 and ZtSpa2.•All markers localize correctly, labeling the Spitzenkörper and sites of polar exocytosis.•We provide 5 carboxin-resistance conveying vectors for integration of all markers into the sdi1 locus.•We provide 5 hygromycin B-resistance conveying vectors for random integration of all markers.
Fungal hyphae are highly polarized cells that invade their substrate by tip growth. In plant pathogenic fungi, hyphal growth is essential for host invasion. This makes polarity factors and secretion regulators potential new targets for novel fungicides. Polarization requires delivery of secretory vesicles to the apical Spitzenkörper, followed by polarized exocytosis at the expanding cell tip. Here, we introduce fluorescent markers to visualize the apical Spitzenkörper and the apical site of exocytosis in hyphae of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We fused green fluorescent protein to the small GTPase ZtSec4, the myosin light chain ZtMlc1 and the small GTPase ZtRab11 and co-localize the fusion proteins with the dye FM4-64 in the hyphal apex, suggesting that the markers label the hyphal Spitzenkörper in Z. tritici. In addition, we localize GFP-fusions to the exocyst protein ZtExo70, the polarisome protein ZtSpa2. Consistent with results in the ascomycete Neurospora crassa, these markers did localize near the plasma membrane at the hyphal tip and only partially co-localize with FM4-64. Thus, these fluorescent markers are useful molecular tools that allow phenotypic analysis of mutants in Z. tritici. These tools will help develop new avenues of research in our quest to control STB infection in wheat.</description><subject>Ascomycetes</subject><subject>Ascomycota - chemistry</subject><subject>Ascomycota - genetics</subject><subject>Ascomycota - physiology</subject><subject>Exocytosis</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Genes, Reporter</subject><subject>Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Hyphae - chemistry</subject><subject>Hyphae - genetics</subject><subject>Hyphae - physiology</subject><subject>Hyphal tip</subject><subject>Mycosphaerella graminicola</subject><subject>Neurospora crassa</subject><subject>Optical Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Organelles - chemistry</subject><subject>Pathogenic fungi</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - microbiology</subject><subject>Recombinant Fusion Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Secretion</subject><subject>Septoria tritici blotch</subject><subject>Staining and Labeling - methods</subject><subject>Triticum - microbiology</subject><subject>Triticum aestivum</subject><issn>1087-1845</issn><issn>1096-0937</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUcFO3DAQtVCrQqEfwKXysZekY8eOE1WqVCFoKyEhRHvhYjnOBLxk49T2IrYfxg_0x_BqAbWXcpqR5s2bee8RcsigZMDqj4tyuOpKDkyWIEpgYofsMWjrAtpKvdr0jSpYI-QueRvjAoAxKdgbsstraHkDfI-cn4wrHzBanBJdmnCDIdLBB5qukV7MLv3G6ebPfZgxUDP1FO-8XScfXaRuopfrpY84Jx-coSm45Kw7IK8HM0Z891j3yc-T4x9H34rTs6_fj76cFlY0IhW2MwY6gIHnqtQwdG3-SrSyrytrlKpspbqulYqDsD0yq7CW3NpW1R0qGKp98nnLO6-6JfYbAcGMeg4uy1hrb5z-dzK5a33lb7WQwIWsM8GHR4Lgf60wJr102YdxNBP6VdRMZUcbmS17GVq3wJkQwDOUbaE2-BgDDs8fMdCb1PRC59T0JjUNQucbeef931KeN55iyoBPWwBmQ28dBh2tw8li7wLapHvv_kP_AOkyqs0</recordid><startdate>20150601</startdate><enddate>20150601</enddate><creator>Guo, M.</creator><creator>Kilaru, S.</creator><creator>Schuster, M.</creator><creator>Latz, M.</creator><creator>Steinberg, G.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Academic Press</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150601</creationdate><title>Fluorescent markers for the Spitzenkörper and exocytosis in Zymoseptoria tritici</title><author>Guo, M. ; Kilaru, S. ; Schuster, M. ; Latz, M. ; Steinberg, G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-cbaa0b00f2aa077ffb9260495d63ca773c37bb957204cde1c7e652cc976be70f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Ascomycetes</topic><topic>Ascomycota - chemistry</topic><topic>Ascomycota - genetics</topic><topic>Ascomycota - physiology</topic><topic>Exocytosis</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Genes, Reporter</topic><topic>Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Hyphae - chemistry</topic><topic>Hyphae - genetics</topic><topic>Hyphae - physiology</topic><topic>Hyphal tip</topic><topic>Mycosphaerella graminicola</topic><topic>Neurospora crassa</topic><topic>Optical Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Organelles - chemistry</topic><topic>Pathogenic fungi</topic><topic>Plant Diseases - microbiology</topic><topic>Recombinant Fusion Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Secretion</topic><topic>Septoria tritici blotch</topic><topic>Staining and Labeling - methods</topic><topic>Triticum - microbiology</topic><topic>Triticum aestivum</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guo, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kilaru, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schuster, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latz, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steinberg, G.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Fungal genetics and biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guo, M.</au><au>Kilaru, S.</au><au>Schuster, M.</au><au>Latz, M.</au><au>Steinberg, G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Fluorescent markers for the Spitzenkörper and exocytosis in Zymoseptoria tritici</atitle><jtitle>Fungal genetics and biology</jtitle><addtitle>Fungal Genet Biol</addtitle><date>2015-06-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>79</volume><spage>158</spage><epage>165</epage><pages>158-165</pages><issn>1087-1845</issn><eissn>1096-0937</eissn><abstract>•We establish Z. tritici polarity markers ZtSec4, ZtMlc1, ZtRab11, ZtExo70 and ZtSpa2.•All markers localize correctly, labeling the Spitzenkörper and sites of polar exocytosis.•We provide 5 carboxin-resistance conveying vectors for integration of all markers into the sdi1 locus.•We provide 5 hygromycin B-resistance conveying vectors for random integration of all markers.
Fungal hyphae are highly polarized cells that invade their substrate by tip growth. In plant pathogenic fungi, hyphal growth is essential for host invasion. This makes polarity factors and secretion regulators potential new targets for novel fungicides. Polarization requires delivery of secretory vesicles to the apical Spitzenkörper, followed by polarized exocytosis at the expanding cell tip. Here, we introduce fluorescent markers to visualize the apical Spitzenkörper and the apical site of exocytosis in hyphae of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We fused green fluorescent protein to the small GTPase ZtSec4, the myosin light chain ZtMlc1 and the small GTPase ZtRab11 and co-localize the fusion proteins with the dye FM4-64 in the hyphal apex, suggesting that the markers label the hyphal Spitzenkörper in Z. tritici. In addition, we localize GFP-fusions to the exocyst protein ZtExo70, the polarisome protein ZtSpa2. Consistent with results in the ascomycete Neurospora crassa, these markers did localize near the plasma membrane at the hyphal tip and only partially co-localize with FM4-64. Thus, these fluorescent markers are useful molecular tools that allow phenotypic analysis of mutants in Z. tritici. These tools will help develop new avenues of research in our quest to control STB infection in wheat.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>26092802</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fgb.2015.04.014</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Ascomycetes Ascomycota - chemistry Ascomycota - genetics Ascomycota - physiology Exocytosis Fungal Proteins - analysis Fungal Proteins - genetics Genes, Reporter Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics Hyphae - chemistry Hyphae - genetics Hyphae - physiology Hyphal tip Mycosphaerella graminicola Neurospora crassa Optical Imaging - methods Organelles - chemistry Pathogenic fungi Plant Diseases - microbiology Recombinant Fusion Proteins - analysis Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics Secretion Septoria tritici blotch Staining and Labeling - methods Triticum - microbiology Triticum aestivum |
title | Fluorescent markers for the Spitzenkörper and exocytosis in Zymoseptoria tritici |
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