Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes
Aims/hypothesis Cardiovascular events and death are better predicted by postprandial glucose (PPG) than by fasting blood glucose or HbA 1c . While chronic exercise reduces HbA 1c in patients with type 2 diabetes, short-term exercise improves measures of insulin sensitivity but does not consistently...
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| creator | Mikus, C. R. Oberlin, D. J. Libla, J. Boyle, L. J. Thyfault, J. P. |
| description | Aims/hypothesis
Cardiovascular events and death are better predicted by postprandial glucose (PPG) than by fasting blood glucose or HbA
1c
. While chronic exercise reduces HbA
1c
in patients with type 2 diabetes, short-term exercise improves measures of insulin sensitivity but does not consistently alter responses to the OGTT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term exercise training improves PPG and glycaemic control in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of the changes in fitness, adiposity and energy balance often associated with chronic exercise training.
Methods
Using continuous glucose monitors, PPG was quantified in previously sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes not using exogenous insulin (
n
= 13, age 53 ± 2 years, HbA
1c
6.6 ± 0.2% (49.1 ± 1.9 mmol/mol)) during 3 days of habitual activity and during the final 3 days of a 7 day aerobic exercise training programme (7D-EX) which does not elicit measurable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or body composition. Diet was standardised across monitoring periods, with modifications during 7D-EX to offset increases in energy expenditure. OGTTs were performed on the morning following each monitoring period.
Results
7D-EX attenuated PPG (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00125-012-2490-8 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4500040</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1897389491</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ada3bdd8af68055eba08aee8d4ece66802d0b313792186b6c723e0dd2514d8713</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkU2LFDEQhoMo7rj6A7xIQIS9tFa-utMXQRZ3FRa8KHgL6aR6Nkt3p016Vvvfm2HGdRXESwVST7318RLynMFrBtC8yQCMq6qEissWKv2AbJgUvALJ9UOy2acrpuuvJ-RJzjcAIJSsH5MTzgVjksOG4OWwOotjcNTFaUlxoCHTMM4p3qKn3Uob6u2aaeypxRS7AuIPTC5kpEuyYQrTloaJznYJOC2Zfg_LNV3WGSmnPtgOF8xPyaPeDhmfHd9T8uXi_efzD9XVp8uP5--uKqeEWCrrrei817avNSiFnQVtEbWX6LAuf9xDJ5hoWl626mrXcIHgPVdMet0wcUreHnTnXTeid2WgZAczpzDatJpog_kzM4Vrs423RqpyHAlF4OwokOK3HebFjCE7HAY7Ydxlw3TbCN3Klv0fBWiVAKWbgr78C72JuzSVSxSKCalYA6pQ7EC5FHNO2N_NzWCv1piD36YEs_fb6FLz4v7CdxW_DC7AqyNgs7NDn-xUrPvNKa1AS1E4fuBySU1bTPdH_Ff3n458wqM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1013451705</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Mikus, C. R. ; Oberlin, D. J. ; Libla, J. ; Boyle, L. J. ; Thyfault, J. P.</creator><creatorcontrib>Mikus, C. R. ; Oberlin, D. J. ; Libla, J. ; Boyle, L. J. ; Thyfault, J. P.</creatorcontrib><description>Aims/hypothesis
Cardiovascular events and death are better predicted by postprandial glucose (PPG) than by fasting blood glucose or HbA
1c
. While chronic exercise reduces HbA
1c
in patients with type 2 diabetes, short-term exercise improves measures of insulin sensitivity but does not consistently alter responses to the OGTT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term exercise training improves PPG and glycaemic control in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of the changes in fitness, adiposity and energy balance often associated with chronic exercise training.
Methods
Using continuous glucose monitors, PPG was quantified in previously sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes not using exogenous insulin (
n
= 13, age 53 ± 2 years, HbA
1c
6.6 ± 0.2% (49.1 ± 1.9 mmol/mol)) during 3 days of habitual activity and during the final 3 days of a 7 day aerobic exercise training programme (7D-EX) which does not elicit measurable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or body composition. Diet was standardised across monitoring periods, with modifications during 7D-EX to offset increases in energy expenditure. OGTTs were performed on the morning following each monitoring period.
Results
7D-EX attenuated PPG (
p
< 0.05) as well as the frequency, magnitude and duration of glycaemic excursions (
p
< 0.05). Conversely, average 24 h blood glucose did not change, nor did glucose, insulin or C-peptide responses to the OGTT.
Conclusions/interpretation
7D-EX attenuated glycaemic variability and PPG in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes but did not significantly alter responses to the laboratory-based OGTT. These effects appeared to be independent of changes in fitness, body composition or energy balance.
ClinicalTrials.gov numbers:
NCT00954109 and NCT00972452.
Funding:
This project was funded by the University of Missouri Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CRM), NIH grant T32 AR-048523 (CRM), Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation (JPT). Medtronic supplied CGMS sensors at a discounted rate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-186X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0428</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2490-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22311420</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Adiposity - physiology ; Aerobics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Glucose - physiology ; Body composition ; Body Mass Index ; C-Peptide - blood ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; Diet ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance ; Exercise ; Exercise - physiology ; Exercise Therapy - methods ; Female ; Fitness training programs ; Glucose monitoring ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulin - blood ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring systems ; Mortality ; Physical fitness ; Postprandial Period - physiology</subject><ispartof>Diabetologia, 2012-05, Vol.55 (5), p.1417-1423</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ada3bdd8af68055eba08aee8d4ece66802d0b313792186b6c723e0dd2514d8713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ada3bdd8af68055eba08aee8d4ece66802d0b313792186b6c723e0dd2514d8713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-012-2490-8$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00125-012-2490-8$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25850843$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22311420$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mikus, C. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oberlin, D. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Libla, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boyle, L. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thyfault, J. P.</creatorcontrib><title>Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes</title><title>Diabetologia</title><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><description>Aims/hypothesis
Cardiovascular events and death are better predicted by postprandial glucose (PPG) than by fasting blood glucose or HbA
1c
. While chronic exercise reduces HbA
1c
in patients with type 2 diabetes, short-term exercise improves measures of insulin sensitivity but does not consistently alter responses to the OGTT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term exercise training improves PPG and glycaemic control in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of the changes in fitness, adiposity and energy balance often associated with chronic exercise training.
Methods
Using continuous glucose monitors, PPG was quantified in previously sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes not using exogenous insulin (
n
= 13, age 53 ± 2 years, HbA
1c
6.6 ± 0.2% (49.1 ± 1.9 mmol/mol)) during 3 days of habitual activity and during the final 3 days of a 7 day aerobic exercise training programme (7D-EX) which does not elicit measurable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or body composition. Diet was standardised across monitoring periods, with modifications during 7D-EX to offset increases in energy expenditure. OGTTs were performed on the morning following each monitoring period.
Results
7D-EX attenuated PPG (
p
< 0.05) as well as the frequency, magnitude and duration of glycaemic excursions (
p
< 0.05). Conversely, average 24 h blood glucose did not change, nor did glucose, insulin or C-peptide responses to the OGTT.
Conclusions/interpretation
7D-EX attenuated glycaemic variability and PPG in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes but did not significantly alter responses to the laboratory-based OGTT. These effects appeared to be independent of changes in fitness, body composition or energy balance.
ClinicalTrials.gov numbers:
NCT00954109 and NCT00972452.
Funding:
This project was funded by the University of Missouri Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CRM), NIH grant T32 AR-048523 (CRM), Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation (JPT). Medtronic supplied CGMS sensors at a discounted rate.</description><subject>Adiposity - physiology</subject><subject>Aerobics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - physiology</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>C-Peptide - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Exercise Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fitness training programs</subject><subject>Glucose monitoring</subject><subject>Glucose Tolerance Test</subject><subject>Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis</subject><subject>Human Physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperglycemia</subject><subject>Hypoglycemia</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin - blood</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monitoring systems</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Postprandial Period - physiology</subject><issn>0012-186X</issn><issn>1432-0428</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU2LFDEQhoMo7rj6A7xIQIS9tFa-utMXQRZ3FRa8KHgL6aR6Nkt3p016Vvvfm2HGdRXESwVST7318RLynMFrBtC8yQCMq6qEissWKv2AbJgUvALJ9UOy2acrpuuvJ-RJzjcAIJSsH5MTzgVjksOG4OWwOotjcNTFaUlxoCHTMM4p3qKn3Uob6u2aaeypxRS7AuIPTC5kpEuyYQrTloaJznYJOC2Zfg_LNV3WGSmnPtgOF8xPyaPeDhmfHd9T8uXi_efzD9XVp8uP5--uKqeEWCrrrei817avNSiFnQVtEbWX6LAuf9xDJ5hoWl626mrXcIHgPVdMet0wcUreHnTnXTeid2WgZAczpzDatJpog_kzM4Vrs423RqpyHAlF4OwokOK3HebFjCE7HAY7Ydxlw3TbCN3Klv0fBWiVAKWbgr78C72JuzSVSxSKCalYA6pQ7EC5FHNO2N_NzWCv1piD36YEs_fb6FLz4v7CdxW_DC7AqyNgs7NDn-xUrPvNKa1AS1E4fuBySU1bTPdH_Ff3n458wqM</recordid><startdate>20120501</startdate><enddate>20120501</enddate><creator>Mikus, C. R.</creator><creator>Oberlin, D. J.</creator><creator>Libla, J.</creator><creator>Boyle, L. J.</creator><creator>Thyfault, J. P.</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120501</creationdate><title>Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes</title><author>Mikus, C. R. ; Oberlin, D. J. ; Libla, J. ; Boyle, L. J. ; Thyfault, J. P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c533t-ada3bdd8af68055eba08aee8d4ece66802d0b313792186b6c723e0dd2514d8713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adiposity - physiology</topic><topic>Aerobics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - physiology</topic><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>C-Peptide - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy</topic><topic>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Exercise - physiology</topic><topic>Exercise Therapy - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fitness training programs</topic><topic>Glucose monitoring</topic><topic>Glucose Tolerance Test</topic><topic>Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis</topic><topic>Human Physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyperglycemia</topic><topic>Hypoglycemia</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin - blood</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Monitoring systems</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><topic>Postprandial Period - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mikus, C. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oberlin, D. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Libla, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boyle, L. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thyfault, J. P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Health & Nursing</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mikus, C. R.</au><au>Oberlin, D. J.</au><au>Libla, J.</au><au>Boyle, L. J.</au><au>Thyfault, J. P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes</atitle><jtitle>Diabetologia</jtitle><stitle>Diabetologia</stitle><addtitle>Diabetologia</addtitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1417</spage><epage>1423</epage><pages>1417-1423</pages><issn>0012-186X</issn><eissn>1432-0428</eissn><abstract>Aims/hypothesis
Cardiovascular events and death are better predicted by postprandial glucose (PPG) than by fasting blood glucose or HbA
1c
. While chronic exercise reduces HbA
1c
in patients with type 2 diabetes, short-term exercise improves measures of insulin sensitivity but does not consistently alter responses to the OGTT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term exercise training improves PPG and glycaemic control in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of the changes in fitness, adiposity and energy balance often associated with chronic exercise training.
Methods
Using continuous glucose monitors, PPG was quantified in previously sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes not using exogenous insulin (
n
= 13, age 53 ± 2 years, HbA
1c
6.6 ± 0.2% (49.1 ± 1.9 mmol/mol)) during 3 days of habitual activity and during the final 3 days of a 7 day aerobic exercise training programme (7D-EX) which does not elicit measurable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or body composition. Diet was standardised across monitoring periods, with modifications during 7D-EX to offset increases in energy expenditure. OGTTs were performed on the morning following each monitoring period.
Results
7D-EX attenuated PPG (
p
< 0.05) as well as the frequency, magnitude and duration of glycaemic excursions (
p
< 0.05). Conversely, average 24 h blood glucose did not change, nor did glucose, insulin or C-peptide responses to the OGTT.
Conclusions/interpretation
7D-EX attenuated glycaemic variability and PPG in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes but did not significantly alter responses to the laboratory-based OGTT. These effects appeared to be independent of changes in fitness, body composition or energy balance.
ClinicalTrials.gov numbers:
NCT00954109 and NCT00972452.
Funding:
This project was funded by the University of Missouri Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CRM), NIH grant T32 AR-048523 (CRM), Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation (JPT). Medtronic supplied CGMS sensors at a discounted rate.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>22311420</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00125-012-2490-8</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Diabetologia, 2012-05, Vol.55 (5), p.1417-1423 |
| issn | 0012-186X 1432-0428 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4500040 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Adiposity - physiology Aerobics Biological and medical sciences Blood Glucose - physiology Body composition Body Mass Index C-Peptide - blood Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Diet Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Exercise Exercise - physiology Exercise Therapy - methods Female Fitness training programs Glucose monitoring Glucose Tolerance Test Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis Human Physiology Humans Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Insulin Insulin - blood Internal Medicine Male Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Middle Aged Monitoring systems Mortality Physical fitness Postprandial Period - physiology |
| title | Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes |
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