Validity of diagnostic codes to identify cases of severe acute liver injury in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database
ABSTRACT Purpose The validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes to identify diagnoses of severe acute liver injury (SALI) is not well known. We examined the positive predictive values (PPVs) of hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses in identifyi...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 2013-08, Vol.22 (8), p.861-872 |
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creator | Lo Re III, Vincent Haynes, Kevin Goldberg, David Forde, Kimberly A. Carbonari, Dena M. Leidl, Kimberly B. F. Hennessy, Sean Reddy, K. Rajender Pawloski, Pamala A. Daniel, Gregory W. Cheetham, T. Craig Iyer, Aarthi Coughlin, Kara O. Toh, Sengwee Boudreau, Denise M. Selvam, Nandini Cooper, William O. Selvan, Mano S. VanWormer, Jeffrey J. Avigan, Mark I. Houstoun, Monika Zornberg, Gwen L. Racoosin, Judith A. Shoaibi, Azadeh |
description | ABSTRACT
Purpose
The validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes to identify diagnoses of severe acute liver injury (SALI) is not well known. We examined the positive predictive values (PPVs) of hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses in identifying SALI among health plan members in the Mini‐Sentinel Distributed Database (MSDD) for patients without liver/biliary disease and for those with chronic liver disease (CLD).
Methods
We selected random samples of members (149 without liver/biliary disease; 75 with CLD) with a principal hospital diagnosis suggestive of SALI (ICD‐9‐CM 570, 572.2, 572.4, 572.8, 573.3, 573.8, or V42.7) in the MSDD (2009–2010). Medical records were reviewed by hepatologists to confirm SALI events. PPVs of codes and code combinations for confirmed SALI were determined by CLD status.
Results
Among 105 members with available records and no liver/biliary disease, SALI was confirmed in 26 (PPV, 24.7%; 95%CI, 16.9−34.1%). Combined hospital diagnoses of acute hepatic necrosis (570) and liver disease sequelae (572.8) had high PPV (100%; 95%CI, 59.0–100%) and identified 7/26 (26.9%) events. Among 46 CLD members with available records, SALI was confirmed in 19 (PPV, 41.3%; 95%CI, 27.0–56.8%). Acute hepatic necrosis (570) or hepatorenal syndrome (572.4) plus any other SALI code had a PPV of 83.3% (95%CI, 51.6–97.9%) and identified 10/19 (52.6%) events.
Conclusions
Most individual hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses had low PPV for confirmed SALI events. Select code combinations had high PPV but did not capture all events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/pds.3470 |
format | Article |
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Purpose
The validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes to identify diagnoses of severe acute liver injury (SALI) is not well known. We examined the positive predictive values (PPVs) of hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses in identifying SALI among health plan members in the Mini‐Sentinel Distributed Database (MSDD) for patients without liver/biliary disease and for those with chronic liver disease (CLD).
Methods
We selected random samples of members (149 without liver/biliary disease; 75 with CLD) with a principal hospital diagnosis suggestive of SALI (ICD‐9‐CM 570, 572.2, 572.4, 572.8, 573.3, 573.8, or V42.7) in the MSDD (2009–2010). Medical records were reviewed by hepatologists to confirm SALI events. PPVs of codes and code combinations for confirmed SALI were determined by CLD status.
Results
Among 105 members with available records and no liver/biliary disease, SALI was confirmed in 26 (PPV, 24.7%; 95%CI, 16.9−34.1%). Combined hospital diagnoses of acute hepatic necrosis (570) and liver disease sequelae (572.8) had high PPV (100%; 95%CI, 59.0–100%) and identified 7/26 (26.9%) events. Among 46 CLD members with available records, SALI was confirmed in 19 (PPV, 41.3%; 95%CI, 27.0–56.8%). Acute hepatic necrosis (570) or hepatorenal syndrome (572.4) plus any other SALI code had a PPV of 83.3% (95%CI, 51.6–97.9%) and identified 10/19 (52.6%) events.
Conclusions
Most individual hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses had low PPV for confirmed SALI events. Select code combinations had high PPV but did not capture all events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1053-8569</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1557</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/pds.3470</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23801638</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PDSAEA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Acute Disease ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - diagnosis ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - epidemiology ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - physiopathology ; Chronic Disease ; Classification ; Clinical Coding ; Clinical trial. Drug monitoring ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Databases, Factual - statistics & numerical data ; Female ; General pharmacology ; hepatotoxicity ; Humans ; ICD-9 codes ; International Classification of Diseases ; Liver Diseases - diagnosis ; Liver Diseases - epidemiology ; Liver Diseases - physiopathology ; liver injury ; Male ; Medical Records - statistics & numerical data ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Pharmacoepidemiology ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; Severity of Illness Index ; United States - epidemiology ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; validity</subject><ispartof>Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2013-08, Vol.22 (8), p.861-872</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5390-a724600ea998ef7fd00506232f02a21fa0d5f9135f03b72bdbd10dc47ef63b8b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5390-a724600ea998ef7fd00506232f02a21fa0d5f9135f03b72bdbd10dc47ef63b8b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fpds.3470$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fpds.3470$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,1418,27929,27930,45579,45580</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27619530$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23801638$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lo Re III, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haynes, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldberg, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forde, Kimberly A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carbonari, Dena M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leidl, Kimberly B. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hennessy, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reddy, K. Rajender</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pawloski, Pamala A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daniel, Gregory W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheetham, T. Craig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iyer, Aarthi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coughlin, Kara O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toh, Sengwee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boudreau, Denise M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selvam, Nandini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, William O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selvan, Mano S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VanWormer, Jeffrey J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avigan, Mark I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houstoun, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zornberg, Gwen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Racoosin, Judith A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shoaibi, Azadeh</creatorcontrib><title>Validity of diagnostic codes to identify cases of severe acute liver injury in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database</title><title>Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety</title><addtitle>Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Purpose
The validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes to identify diagnoses of severe acute liver injury (SALI) is not well known. We examined the positive predictive values (PPVs) of hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses in identifying SALI among health plan members in the Mini‐Sentinel Distributed Database (MSDD) for patients without liver/biliary disease and for those with chronic liver disease (CLD).
Methods
We selected random samples of members (149 without liver/biliary disease; 75 with CLD) with a principal hospital diagnosis suggestive of SALI (ICD‐9‐CM 570, 572.2, 572.4, 572.8, 573.3, 573.8, or V42.7) in the MSDD (2009–2010). Medical records were reviewed by hepatologists to confirm SALI events. PPVs of codes and code combinations for confirmed SALI were determined by CLD status.
Results
Among 105 members with available records and no liver/biliary disease, SALI was confirmed in 26 (PPV, 24.7%; 95%CI, 16.9−34.1%). Combined hospital diagnoses of acute hepatic necrosis (570) and liver disease sequelae (572.8) had high PPV (100%; 95%CI, 59.0–100%) and identified 7/26 (26.9%) events. Among 46 CLD members with available records, SALI was confirmed in 19 (PPV, 41.3%; 95%CI, 27.0–56.8%). Acute hepatic necrosis (570) or hepatorenal syndrome (572.4) plus any other SALI code had a PPV of 83.3% (95%CI, 51.6–97.9%) and identified 10/19 (52.6%) events.
Conclusions
Most individual hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses had low PPV for confirmed SALI events. Select code combinations had high PPV but did not capture all events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>Acute Disease</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - diagnosis</subject><subject>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - epidemiology</subject><subject>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - physiopathology</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>Classification</subject><subject>Clinical Coding</subject><subject>Clinical trial. Drug monitoring</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Databases, Factual - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>hepatotoxicity</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>ICD-9 codes</subject><subject>International Classification of Diseases</subject><subject>Liver Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Liver Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Liver Diseases - physiopathology</subject><subject>liver injury</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical Records - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Pharmacoepidemiology</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Product Surveillance, Postmarketing</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>United States Food and Drug Administration</subject><subject>validity</subject><issn>1053-8569</issn><issn>1099-1557</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kd1u1DAQhSMEoqUg8QTIEkJwk8U_cZzcVKp220JVCtK25dJy_LP1krUXO2nJo_C2OGpYChJX4_F8Omfsk2UvEZwhCPH7rYozUjD4KNtHsK5zRCl7PJ4pySta1nvZsxjXEKZZXTzN9jCpICpJtZ_9vBatVbYbgDdAWbFyPnZWAumVjqDzwCrtOmsGIEVMN4mK-lYHDYTsOw1amxpg3boPQyqgu9HgaracgRPvFRBOgUXoV-BIbayzsQuis969jeBTavPlKO10CxbjyDZJMPGiE03yep49MaKN-sVUD7Krk-PL-Yf8_PPpx_nReS4pqWEuGC5KCLWo60obZhSEFJaYYAOxwMgIqKipEaEGkobhRjUKQSULpk1JmqohB9nhve62bzZaybRTEC3fBrsRYeBeWP73xNkbvvK3vCjSd1KUBN5NAsF_73Xs-MZGqdtWOO37yFFRVBgTRMuEvv4HXfs-uPS8RGFWMUzYA0EZfIxBm90yCPIxb57y5mPeCX31cPkd-DvgBLyZABGlaE0QTtr4h2MlqikZhfJ77s62evivIf-yWE7GE5-S0z92vAjfeMkIo_zrxSk_Qxdn88trxOfkF81R0i8</recordid><startdate>201308</startdate><enddate>201308</enddate><creator>Lo Re III, Vincent</creator><creator>Haynes, Kevin</creator><creator>Goldberg, David</creator><creator>Forde, Kimberly A.</creator><creator>Carbonari, Dena M.</creator><creator>Leidl, Kimberly B. F.</creator><creator>Hennessy, Sean</creator><creator>Reddy, K. Rajender</creator><creator>Pawloski, Pamala A.</creator><creator>Daniel, Gregory W.</creator><creator>Cheetham, T. Craig</creator><creator>Iyer, Aarthi</creator><creator>Coughlin, Kara O.</creator><creator>Toh, Sengwee</creator><creator>Boudreau, Denise M.</creator><creator>Selvam, Nandini</creator><creator>Cooper, William O.</creator><creator>Selvan, Mano S.</creator><creator>VanWormer, Jeffrey J.</creator><creator>Avigan, Mark I.</creator><creator>Houstoun, Monika</creator><creator>Zornberg, Gwen L.</creator><creator>Racoosin, Judith A.</creator><creator>Shoaibi, Azadeh</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201308</creationdate><title>Validity of diagnostic codes to identify cases of severe acute liver injury in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database</title><author>Lo Re III, Vincent ; Haynes, Kevin ; Goldberg, David ; Forde, Kimberly A. ; Carbonari, Dena M. ; Leidl, Kimberly B. F. ; Hennessy, Sean ; Reddy, K. Rajender ; Pawloski, Pamala A. ; Daniel, Gregory W. ; Cheetham, T. Craig ; Iyer, Aarthi ; Coughlin, Kara O. ; Toh, Sengwee ; Boudreau, Denise M. ; Selvam, Nandini ; Cooper, William O. ; Selvan, Mano S. ; VanWormer, Jeffrey J. ; Avigan, Mark I. ; Houstoun, Monika ; Zornberg, Gwen L. ; Racoosin, Judith A. ; Shoaibi, Azadeh</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5390-a724600ea998ef7fd00506232f02a21fa0d5f9135f03b72bdbd10dc47ef63b8b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Acute Disease</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - diagnosis</topic><topic>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - epidemiology</topic><topic>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - physiopathology</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>Classification</topic><topic>Clinical Coding</topic><topic>Clinical trial. Drug monitoring</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Databases, Factual - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>hepatotoxicity</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>ICD-9 codes</topic><topic>International Classification of Diseases</topic><topic>Liver Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>Liver Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Liver Diseases - physiopathology</topic><topic>liver injury</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical Records - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Pharmacoepidemiology</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Product Surveillance, Postmarketing</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>United States Food and Drug Administration</topic><topic>validity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lo Re III, Vincent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haynes, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldberg, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forde, Kimberly A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carbonari, Dena M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leidl, Kimberly B. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hennessy, Sean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reddy, K. Rajender</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pawloski, Pamala A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daniel, Gregory W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheetham, T. Craig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iyer, Aarthi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coughlin, Kara O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toh, Sengwee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boudreau, Denise M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selvam, Nandini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooper, William O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selvan, Mano S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VanWormer, Jeffrey J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avigan, Mark I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houstoun, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zornberg, Gwen L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Racoosin, Judith A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shoaibi, Azadeh</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lo Re III, Vincent</au><au>Haynes, Kevin</au><au>Goldberg, David</au><au>Forde, Kimberly A.</au><au>Carbonari, Dena M.</au><au>Leidl, Kimberly B. F.</au><au>Hennessy, Sean</au><au>Reddy, K. Rajender</au><au>Pawloski, Pamala A.</au><au>Daniel, Gregory W.</au><au>Cheetham, T. Craig</au><au>Iyer, Aarthi</au><au>Coughlin, Kara O.</au><au>Toh, Sengwee</au><au>Boudreau, Denise M.</au><au>Selvam, Nandini</au><au>Cooper, William O.</au><au>Selvan, Mano S.</au><au>VanWormer, Jeffrey J.</au><au>Avigan, Mark I.</au><au>Houstoun, Monika</au><au>Zornberg, Gwen L.</au><au>Racoosin, Judith A.</au><au>Shoaibi, Azadeh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Validity of diagnostic codes to identify cases of severe acute liver injury in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database</atitle><jtitle>Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety</jtitle><addtitle>Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf</addtitle><date>2013-08</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>861</spage><epage>872</epage><pages>861-872</pages><issn>1053-8569</issn><eissn>1099-1557</eissn><coden>PDSAEA</coden><abstract>ABSTRACT
Purpose
The validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes to identify diagnoses of severe acute liver injury (SALI) is not well known. We examined the positive predictive values (PPVs) of hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses in identifying SALI among health plan members in the Mini‐Sentinel Distributed Database (MSDD) for patients without liver/biliary disease and for those with chronic liver disease (CLD).
Methods
We selected random samples of members (149 without liver/biliary disease; 75 with CLD) with a principal hospital diagnosis suggestive of SALI (ICD‐9‐CM 570, 572.2, 572.4, 572.8, 573.3, 573.8, or V42.7) in the MSDD (2009–2010). Medical records were reviewed by hepatologists to confirm SALI events. PPVs of codes and code combinations for confirmed SALI were determined by CLD status.
Results
Among 105 members with available records and no liver/biliary disease, SALI was confirmed in 26 (PPV, 24.7%; 95%CI, 16.9−34.1%). Combined hospital diagnoses of acute hepatic necrosis (570) and liver disease sequelae (572.8) had high PPV (100%; 95%CI, 59.0–100%) and identified 7/26 (26.9%) events. Among 46 CLD members with available records, SALI was confirmed in 19 (PPV, 41.3%; 95%CI, 27.0–56.8%). Acute hepatic necrosis (570) or hepatorenal syndrome (572.4) plus any other SALI code had a PPV of 83.3% (95%CI, 51.6–97.9%) and identified 10/19 (52.6%) events.
Conclusions
Most individual hospital ICD‐9‐CM diagnoses had low PPV for confirmed SALI events. Select code combinations had high PPV but did not capture all events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>Chichester</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>23801638</pmid><doi>10.1002/pds.3470</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; MEDLINE |
subjects | Acute Disease Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - diagnosis Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - epidemiology Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - physiopathology Chronic Disease Classification Clinical Coding Clinical trial. Drug monitoring Cross-Sectional Studies Databases, Factual - statistics & numerical data Female General pharmacology hepatotoxicity Humans ICD-9 codes International Classification of Diseases Liver Diseases - diagnosis Liver Diseases - epidemiology Liver Diseases - physiopathology liver injury Male Medical Records - statistics & numerical data Medical sciences Middle Aged Pharmacoepidemiology Pharmacology. Drug treatments Predictive Value of Tests Product Surveillance, Postmarketing Severity of Illness Index United States - epidemiology United States Food and Drug Administration validity |
title | Validity of diagnostic codes to identify cases of severe acute liver injury in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database |
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