Sexual Behaviors and HIV/Syphilis Testing Among Transgender Individuals in China: Implications for Expanding HIV Testing Services
BACKGROUNDHIV and syphilis are disproportionately common among transgender individuals globally, yet few studies have investigated transgender HIV/syphilis risk and testing in low- and middle-income nations. We conducted an online survey of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sexually transmitted diseases 2015-05, Vol.42 (5), p.281-285 |
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| creator | Best, John Tang, Weiming Zhang, Ye Han, Larry Liu, Fengying Huang, Shujie Yang, Bin Wei, Chongyi Tucker, Joseph D. |
| description | BACKGROUNDHIV and syphilis are disproportionately common among transgender individuals globally, yet few studies have investigated transgender HIV/syphilis risk and testing in low- and middle-income nations. We conducted an online survey of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals to examine sexual behaviors and HIV/syphilis testing in China.
METHODSWe recruited MSM and transgender individuals from 2 major Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Web platforms. χ Test and logistic regression were used to compare risk behaviors, HIV and syphilis testing history, and prevalence between transgender individuals and other MSM.
RESULTSAmong the 1320 participants, 52 (3.9%) self-identified as transgender. Demographics, including education, employment, and marital status, were similar between both groups, whereas transgender individuals were older. Condomless anal intercourse rate was comparable between the groups. Transgender individuals were less likely to report ever testing for HIV (34.6% vs. 62.0%) and syphilis (15.7% vs. 31.2%) with adjusted odds ratios of 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.65) and 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.91), respectively. We found a trend toward a higher HIV prevalence among transgender individuals (11.1% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.12).
CONCLUSIONSTransgender individuals have suboptimal HIV and syphilis testing rates in China. Given the substantial risk behaviors and burden of HIV/STI in the general Chinese MSM population and a lack of knowledge about transgender individuals, enhanced HIV/syphilis testing programs for transgender individuals in China are needed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000269 |
| format | Article |
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METHODSWe recruited MSM and transgender individuals from 2 major Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Web platforms. χ Test and logistic regression were used to compare risk behaviors, HIV and syphilis testing history, and prevalence between transgender individuals and other MSM.
RESULTSAmong the 1320 participants, 52 (3.9%) self-identified as transgender. Demographics, including education, employment, and marital status, were similar between both groups, whereas transgender individuals were older. Condomless anal intercourse rate was comparable between the groups. Transgender individuals were less likely to report ever testing for HIV (34.6% vs. 62.0%) and syphilis (15.7% vs. 31.2%) with adjusted odds ratios of 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.65) and 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.91), respectively. We found a trend toward a higher HIV prevalence among transgender individuals (11.1% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.12).
CONCLUSIONSTransgender individuals have suboptimal HIV and syphilis testing rates in China. Given the substantial risk behaviors and burden of HIV/STI in the general Chinese MSM population and a lack of knowledge about transgender individuals, enhanced HIV/syphilis testing programs for transgender individuals in China are needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0148-5717</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-4521</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000269</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25868142</identifier><identifier>CODEN: STRDDM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a business of Wolters Kluwer Health</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adult ; Bisexuality - statistics & numerical data ; China - epidemiology ; Condoms - utilization ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; HIV ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; HIV Infections - prevention & control ; HIV Infections - psychology ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Medical tests ; Mens health ; Original Study ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Program Development ; Risk factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexual behavior ; Sexual Behavior - psychology ; Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Partners - psychology ; Social Stigma ; Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders - prevention & control ; Substance-Related Disorders - psychology ; Syphilis ; Syphilis - epidemiology ; Syphilis - prevention & control ; Syphilis - psychology ; Transgender persons ; Transgender Persons - psychology ; Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data ; Treponema pallidum ; Unsafe Sex - psychology ; Unsafe Sex - statistics & numerical data]]></subject><ispartof>Sexually transmitted diseases, 2015-05, Vol.42 (5), p.281-285</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2015 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association</rights><rights>Copyright 2015 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association</rights><rights>Copyright Lippincott Williams & Wilkins May 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4390-1df4cfdc5f24647c33471261d81c3edd4ae3623d406239431e68c88b8f0d0f6d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48512773$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/48512773$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,30976,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25868142$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Best, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Weiming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Larry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Fengying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shujie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Chongyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tucker, Joseph D.</creatorcontrib><title>Sexual Behaviors and HIV/Syphilis Testing Among Transgender Individuals in China: Implications for Expanding HIV Testing Services</title><title>Sexually transmitted diseases</title><addtitle>Sex Transm Dis</addtitle><description>BACKGROUNDHIV and syphilis are disproportionately common among transgender individuals globally, yet few studies have investigated transgender HIV/syphilis risk and testing in low- and middle-income nations. We conducted an online survey of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals to examine sexual behaviors and HIV/syphilis testing in China.
METHODSWe recruited MSM and transgender individuals from 2 major Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Web platforms. χ Test and logistic regression were used to compare risk behaviors, HIV and syphilis testing history, and prevalence between transgender individuals and other MSM.
RESULTSAmong the 1320 participants, 52 (3.9%) self-identified as transgender. Demographics, including education, employment, and marital status, were similar between both groups, whereas transgender individuals were older. Condomless anal intercourse rate was comparable between the groups. Transgender individuals were less likely to report ever testing for HIV (34.6% vs. 62.0%) and syphilis (15.7% vs. 31.2%) with adjusted odds ratios of 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.65) and 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.91), respectively. We found a trend toward a higher HIV prevalence among transgender individuals (11.1% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.12).
CONCLUSIONSTransgender individuals have suboptimal HIV and syphilis testing rates in China. Given the substantial risk behaviors and burden of HIV/STI in the general Chinese MSM population and a lack of knowledge about transgender individuals, enhanced HIV/syphilis testing programs for transgender individuals in China are needed.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Bisexuality - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>China - epidemiology</subject><subject>Condoms - utilization</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>HIV Infections - psychology</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mass Screening</subject><subject>Medical tests</subject><subject>Mens health</subject><subject>Original Study</subject><subject>Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Program Development</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Risk-Taking</subject><subject>Sexual behavior</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Sexual Partners - psychology</subject><subject>Social Stigma</subject><subject>Social Support</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - prevention & control</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Syphilis</subject><subject>Syphilis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Syphilis - prevention & control</subject><subject>Syphilis - psychology</subject><subject>Transgender persons</subject><subject>Transgender Persons - psychology</subject><subject>Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Treponema pallidum</subject><subject>Unsafe Sex - psychology</subject><subject>Unsafe Sex - statistics & numerical data</subject><issn>0148-5717</issn><issn>1537-4521</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkV1vFCEYhYnR2G31H6iZxJveTMs3zI1J3ajdZJNqunpLKDA7rLOwwszW_ntZt661V5IAecNzDrwcAF4heIZgI86v5l_O4MOBefMETBAjoqYMo6dgAhGVNRNIHIHjnFdwV0P0HBxhJrlEFE_A52v3c9R99d51eutjypUOtrqcfTu_vtt0vve5Wrg8-LCsLtaxrIukQ166YF2qZsH6rbdFnysfqmnng34BnrWldi_v9xPw9eOHxfSynl99mk0v5rWhpIE1si01rTWsxZRTYQihAmGOrESGOGupdoRjYiksa0MJclwaKW9kCy1suSUn4N3edzPerJ01LgxJ92qT_FqnOxW1V_-eBN-pZdyqcj3njBeD03uDFH-MpUe19tm4vtfBxTErxBuEJaOC_AdaIIEhkwV9-whdxTGF8hM7ignRYM4KRfeUSTHn5NrDuxFUu3RVSVc9TrfI3jzs-SD6E-df39vYDy7l7_1465LqnO6H7refoITVGCIGWanqMhEsstd72SoPMR1sqWQIi9LaL8Oft9s</recordid><startdate>201505</startdate><enddate>201505</enddate><creator>Best, John</creator><creator>Tang, Weiming</creator><creator>Zhang, Ye</creator><creator>Han, Larry</creator><creator>Liu, Fengying</creator><creator>Huang, Shujie</creator><creator>Yang, Bin</creator><creator>Wei, Chongyi</creator><creator>Tucker, Joseph D.</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a business of Wolters Kluwer Health</general><general>Copyright American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association</general><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201505</creationdate><title>Sexual Behaviors and HIV/Syphilis Testing Among Transgender Individuals in China</title><author>Best, John ; Tang, Weiming ; Zhang, Ye ; Han, Larry ; Liu, Fengying ; Huang, Shujie ; Yang, Bin ; Wei, Chongyi ; Tucker, Joseph D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4390-1df4cfdc5f24647c33471261d81c3edd4ae3623d406239431e68c88b8f0d0f6d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Bisexuality - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>China - epidemiology</topic><topic>Condoms - utilization</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>HIV Infections - psychology</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mass Screening</topic><topic>Medical tests</topic><topic>Mens health</topic><topic>Original Study</topic><topic>Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Program Development</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Risk-Taking</topic><topic>Sexual behavior</topic><topic>Sexual Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Sexual Partners - psychology</topic><topic>Social Stigma</topic><topic>Social Support</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - prevention & control</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Syphilis</topic><topic>Syphilis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Syphilis - prevention & control</topic><topic>Syphilis - psychology</topic><topic>Transgender persons</topic><topic>Transgender Persons - psychology</topic><topic>Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Treponema pallidum</topic><topic>Unsafe Sex - psychology</topic><topic>Unsafe Sex - statistics & numerical data</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Best, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Weiming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Ye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Larry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Fengying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shujie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Chongyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tucker, Joseph D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Sexually transmitted diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Best, John</au><au>Tang, Weiming</au><au>Zhang, Ye</au><au>Han, Larry</au><au>Liu, Fengying</au><au>Huang, Shujie</au><au>Yang, Bin</au><au>Wei, Chongyi</au><au>Tucker, Joseph D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sexual Behaviors and HIV/Syphilis Testing Among Transgender Individuals in China: Implications for Expanding HIV Testing Services</atitle><jtitle>Sexually transmitted diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Sex Transm Dis</addtitle><date>2015-05</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>281</spage><epage>285</epage><pages>281-285</pages><issn>0148-5717</issn><eissn>1537-4521</eissn><coden>STRDDM</coden><abstract>BACKGROUNDHIV and syphilis are disproportionately common among transgender individuals globally, yet few studies have investigated transgender HIV/syphilis risk and testing in low- and middle-income nations. We conducted an online survey of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals to examine sexual behaviors and HIV/syphilis testing in China.
METHODSWe recruited MSM and transgender individuals from 2 major Chinese lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Web platforms. χ Test and logistic regression were used to compare risk behaviors, HIV and syphilis testing history, and prevalence between transgender individuals and other MSM.
RESULTSAmong the 1320 participants, 52 (3.9%) self-identified as transgender. Demographics, including education, employment, and marital status, were similar between both groups, whereas transgender individuals were older. Condomless anal intercourse rate was comparable between the groups. Transgender individuals were less likely to report ever testing for HIV (34.6% vs. 62.0%) and syphilis (15.7% vs. 31.2%) with adjusted odds ratios of 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.65) and 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.91), respectively. We found a trend toward a higher HIV prevalence among transgender individuals (11.1% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.12).
CONCLUSIONSTransgender individuals have suboptimal HIV and syphilis testing rates in China. Given the substantial risk behaviors and burden of HIV/STI in the general Chinese MSM population and a lack of knowledge about transgender individuals, enhanced HIV/syphilis testing programs for transgender individuals in China are needed.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a business of Wolters Kluwer Health</pub><pmid>25868142</pmid><doi>10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000269</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Bisexuality - statistics & numerical data China - epidemiology Condoms - utilization Cross-Sectional Studies Female Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice HIV HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Infections - psychology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Male Mass Screening Medical tests Mens health Original Study Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data Prevalence Program Development Risk factors Risk-Taking Sexual behavior Sexual Behavior - psychology Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data Sexual Partners - psychology Social Stigma Social Support Socioeconomic Factors Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders - prevention & control Substance-Related Disorders - psychology Syphilis Syphilis - epidemiology Syphilis - prevention & control Syphilis - psychology Transgender persons Transgender Persons - psychology Transgender Persons - statistics & numerical data Treponema pallidum Unsafe Sex - psychology Unsafe Sex - statistics & numerical data |
| title | Sexual Behaviors and HIV/Syphilis Testing Among Transgender Individuals in China: Implications for Expanding HIV Testing Services |
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