Assessment of antibacterial activity of crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata against Neisseria gonorrhea
Background: Gonorrhea is a major sexually transmitted disease worldwide and for its control, effective treatment is essential. However as more strains of Neisseria gonorrhea continuously develop resistance to several drugs, this strategy obliges scientists to discover newer effective drugs. Objectiv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | African health sciences 2014-01, Vol.14 (4), p.840-848 |
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| creator | Otto, Robert B.D Ameso, Sarah Onegi, Bernadina |
| description | Background: Gonorrhea is a major sexually transmitted disease worldwide
and for its control, effective treatment is essential. However as more
strains of Neisseria gonorrhea continuously develop resistance to
several drugs, this strategy obliges scientists to discover newer
effective drugs. Objectives: To ascertain whether crude leaf and root
extracts of Cassia alata (Caesalpiniaceae) have antimicrobial
activity against clinically resistant Cassia alata against Neisseria
gonorrhoeae bacteria. To determine and compare the MICs of their ether
and methanol extracts. Materials and Methods: Ether and methanol
extracts were prepared from the plant parts. 12-375mg/ml of serially
diluted ether extracts in DMSO and methanol extracts in water were
tested using agar-well diffusion method against Neisseria gonorrhea
clinical isolate cultured on MTM agar. MICs were determined from
corresponding concentration-response curves. Ceftriaxone was used as
positive control, whereas DMSO and water as negative controls.
Results:All the crude extracts showed concentration-dependent Neisseria
gonorrhea inhibition. Ether extracts for both leaves and roots gave
lower MICs compared to those of methanol. Ether root extract showed the
highest potency. Conclusions: Both the leaf and the root of Cassia
alata plant have activity against clinically resistant Neisseria
gonorrhoeae; the root having the higher activity. Lipophilic solvent,
ether, give more potent antigonorrhoeal extracts. As expected Cassia
alata plant in Central Uganda also has antibacterial activity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4314/ahs.v14i4.11 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4370063</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2586794118</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b475t-9168c579d672a071dedccc90ed613a0bd72880d613214d9e20304b30bcee9ddd3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqVkstvEzEQxlcIREvhxhlZgkMPbPCsvQ9fKlVReUgVXOBsee1J4mqzDrY30P-eWdJGtDcufs3Pn-bxFcVr4AspQH4wm7TYg_RyAfCkOIW2UiWvuXhK56bjZaN4fVK8SOmG86oBBc-Lk6ruhJSqOi12lylhSlscMwsrZsbse2MzRm8GRge_9_l2jtg4OWQDmhlyLIaQGf7OkZg0x5cmJW-YGUymdW38mDL7ip7kSYutwxhi3KB5WTxbmSHhq7v9rPjx8er78nN5_e3Tl-XlddnLts6lotxt3SrXtJXhLTh01lrF0TUgDO9dW3Udny8VSKew4oLLXvDeIirnnDgrLg66u6nf0mcqMJpB76Lfmnirg_H6YWT0G70Oey1Fy3kjSODdnUAMPydMWf_yEVeILmnqX9MqCdARdv4I2_pkcRjMiGH6LxSaRnU00q4m9O0j9CZMcaSGPRR8f6BsDClRcsfygOvZHJrMof-aQwMQ_ubflhzhezcQsDgAvQ-DH_FIWBqhvn8kyU0CCYKLPyokx84</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2586794118</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Assessment of antibacterial activity of crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata against Neisseria gonorrhea</title><source>African Journals Online (Open Access)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Bioline International</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Otto, Robert B.D ; Ameso, Sarah ; Onegi, Bernadina</creator><creatorcontrib>Otto, Robert B.D ; Ameso, Sarah ; Onegi, Bernadina</creatorcontrib><description>Background: Gonorrhea is a major sexually transmitted disease worldwide
and for its control, effective treatment is essential. However as more
strains of Neisseria gonorrhea continuously develop resistance to
several drugs, this strategy obliges scientists to discover newer
effective drugs. Objectives: To ascertain whether crude leaf and root
extracts of Cassia alata (Caesalpiniaceae) have antimicrobial
activity against clinically resistant Cassia alata against Neisseria
gonorrhoeae bacteria. To determine and compare the MICs of their ether
and methanol extracts. Materials and Methods: Ether and methanol
extracts were prepared from the plant parts. 12-375mg/ml of serially
diluted ether extracts in DMSO and methanol extracts in water were
tested using agar-well diffusion method against Neisseria gonorrhea
clinical isolate cultured on MTM agar. MICs were determined from
corresponding concentration-response curves. Ceftriaxone was used as
positive control, whereas DMSO and water as negative controls.
Results:All the crude extracts showed concentration-dependent Neisseria
gonorrhea inhibition. Ether extracts for both leaves and roots gave
lower MICs compared to those of methanol. Ether root extract showed the
highest potency. Conclusions: Both the leaf and the root of Cassia
alata plant have activity against clinically resistant Neisseria
gonorrhoeae; the root having the higher activity. Lipophilic solvent,
ether, give more potent antigonorrhoeal extracts. As expected Cassia
alata plant in Central Uganda also has antibacterial activity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1680-6905</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1729-0503</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1680-6905</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i4.11</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25834492</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Uganda: Makerere University Medical School</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Cassia - chemistry ; Cassia alata ; Drug resistance ; Drug testing ; Extracts ; Gonorrhea - drug therapy ; Health and Medicine ; Humans ; Medicinal plants ; Methanol ; MIC ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neisseria gonorrhea ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae - drug effects ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Plant Leaves - chemistry ; Plant Roots - chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Resistance ; Treatment ; Uganda</subject><ispartof>African health sciences, 2014-01, Vol.14 (4), p.840-848</ispartof><rights>African Health Sciences</rights><rights>Copyright © Makerere Medical School, Uganda 2014 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b475t-9168c579d672a071dedccc90ed613a0bd72880d613214d9e20304b30bcee9ddd3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4370063/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4370063/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,79168</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25834492$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Otto, Robert B.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ameso, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Onegi, Bernadina</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of antibacterial activity of crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata against Neisseria gonorrhea</title><title>African health sciences</title><addtitle>Afr Health Sci</addtitle><description>Background: Gonorrhea is a major sexually transmitted disease worldwide
and for its control, effective treatment is essential. However as more
strains of Neisseria gonorrhea continuously develop resistance to
several drugs, this strategy obliges scientists to discover newer
effective drugs. Objectives: To ascertain whether crude leaf and root
extracts of Cassia alata (Caesalpiniaceae) have antimicrobial
activity against clinically resistant Cassia alata against Neisseria
gonorrhoeae bacteria. To determine and compare the MICs of their ether
and methanol extracts. Materials and Methods: Ether and methanol
extracts were prepared from the plant parts. 12-375mg/ml of serially
diluted ether extracts in DMSO and methanol extracts in water were
tested using agar-well diffusion method against Neisseria gonorrhea
clinical isolate cultured on MTM agar. MICs were determined from
corresponding concentration-response curves. Ceftriaxone was used as
positive control, whereas DMSO and water as negative controls.
Results:All the crude extracts showed concentration-dependent Neisseria
gonorrhea inhibition. Ether extracts for both leaves and roots gave
lower MICs compared to those of methanol. Ether root extract showed the
highest potency. Conclusions: Both the leaf and the root of Cassia
alata plant have activity against clinically resistant Neisseria
gonorrhoeae; the root having the higher activity. Lipophilic solvent,
ether, give more potent antigonorrhoeal extracts. As expected Cassia
alata plant in Central Uganda also has antibacterial activity.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cassia - chemistry</subject><subject>Cassia alata</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug testing</subject><subject>Extracts</subject><subject>Gonorrhea - drug therapy</subject><subject>Health and Medicine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medicinal plants</subject><subject>Methanol</subject><subject>MIC</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</subject><subject>Neisseria gonorrhea</subject><subject>Neisseria gonorrhoeae - drug effects</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Roots - chemistry</subject><subject>Plants, Medicinal</subject><subject>Resistance</subject><subject>Treatment</subject><subject>Uganda</subject><issn>1680-6905</issn><issn>1729-0503</issn><issn>1680-6905</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RBI</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkstvEzEQxlcIREvhxhlZgkMPbPCsvQ9fKlVReUgVXOBsee1J4mqzDrY30P-eWdJGtDcufs3Pn-bxFcVr4AspQH4wm7TYg_RyAfCkOIW2UiWvuXhK56bjZaN4fVK8SOmG86oBBc-Lk6ruhJSqOi12lylhSlscMwsrZsbse2MzRm8GRge_9_l2jtg4OWQDmhlyLIaQGf7OkZg0x5cmJW-YGUymdW38mDL7ip7kSYutwxhi3KB5WTxbmSHhq7v9rPjx8er78nN5_e3Tl-XlddnLts6lotxt3SrXtJXhLTh01lrF0TUgDO9dW3Udny8VSKew4oLLXvDeIirnnDgrLg66u6nf0mcqMJpB76Lfmnirg_H6YWT0G70Oey1Fy3kjSODdnUAMPydMWf_yEVeILmnqX9MqCdARdv4I2_pkcRjMiGH6LxSaRnU00q4m9O0j9CZMcaSGPRR8f6BsDClRcsfygOvZHJrMof-aQwMQ_ubflhzhezcQsDgAvQ-DH_FIWBqhvn8kyU0CCYKLPyokx84</recordid><startdate>20140101</startdate><enddate>20140101</enddate><creator>Otto, Robert B.D</creator><creator>Ameso, Sarah</creator><creator>Onegi, Bernadina</creator><general>Makerere University Medical School</general><general>Makerere Medical School</general><scope>RBI</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140101</creationdate><title>Assessment of antibacterial activity of crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata against Neisseria gonorrhea</title><author>Otto, Robert B.D ; Ameso, Sarah ; Onegi, Bernadina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b475t-9168c579d672a071dedccc90ed613a0bd72880d613214d9e20304b30bcee9ddd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cassia - chemistry</topic><topic>Cassia alata</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Drug testing</topic><topic>Extracts</topic><topic>Gonorrhea - drug therapy</topic><topic>Health and Medicine</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medicinal plants</topic><topic>Methanol</topic><topic>MIC</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</topic><topic>Neisseria gonorrhea</topic><topic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae - drug effects</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Roots - chemistry</topic><topic>Plants, Medicinal</topic><topic>Resistance</topic><topic>Treatment</topic><topic>Uganda</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Otto, Robert B.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ameso, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Onegi, Bernadina</creatorcontrib><collection>Bioline International</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>African health sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Otto, Robert B.D</au><au>Ameso, Sarah</au><au>Onegi, Bernadina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of antibacterial activity of crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata against Neisseria gonorrhea</atitle><jtitle>African health sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Afr Health Sci</addtitle><date>2014-01-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>840</spage><epage>848</epage><pages>840-848</pages><issn>1680-6905</issn><eissn>1729-0503</eissn><eissn>1680-6905</eissn><abstract>Background: Gonorrhea is a major sexually transmitted disease worldwide
and for its control, effective treatment is essential. However as more
strains of Neisseria gonorrhea continuously develop resistance to
several drugs, this strategy obliges scientists to discover newer
effective drugs. Objectives: To ascertain whether crude leaf and root
extracts of Cassia alata (Caesalpiniaceae) have antimicrobial
activity against clinically resistant Cassia alata against Neisseria
gonorrhoeae bacteria. To determine and compare the MICs of their ether
and methanol extracts. Materials and Methods: Ether and methanol
extracts were prepared from the plant parts. 12-375mg/ml of serially
diluted ether extracts in DMSO and methanol extracts in water were
tested using agar-well diffusion method against Neisseria gonorrhea
clinical isolate cultured on MTM agar. MICs were determined from
corresponding concentration-response curves. Ceftriaxone was used as
positive control, whereas DMSO and water as negative controls.
Results:All the crude extracts showed concentration-dependent Neisseria
gonorrhea inhibition. Ether extracts for both leaves and roots gave
lower MICs compared to those of methanol. Ether root extract showed the
highest potency. Conclusions: Both the leaf and the root of Cassia
alata plant have activity against clinically resistant Neisseria
gonorrhoeae; the root having the higher activity. Lipophilic solvent,
ether, give more potent antigonorrhoeal extracts. As expected Cassia
alata plant in Central Uganda also has antibacterial activity.</abstract><cop>Uganda</cop><pub>Makerere University Medical School</pub><pmid>25834492</pmid><doi>10.4314/ahs.v14i4.11</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | African Journals Online (Open Access); MEDLINE; Bioline International; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Cassia - chemistry Cassia alata Drug resistance Drug testing Extracts Gonorrhea - drug therapy Health and Medicine Humans Medicinal plants Methanol MIC Microbial Sensitivity Tests Neisseria gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae - drug effects Plant Extracts - pharmacology Plant Leaves - chemistry Plant Roots - chemistry Plants, Medicinal Resistance Treatment Uganda |
| title | Assessment of antibacterial activity of crude leaf and root extracts of Cassia alata against Neisseria gonorrhea |
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