Severe nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias caused by sleep apnea-induced hypoxemia in males

Nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias (NCA) were analyzed in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) and controls. Occurrence and severity of NCA were compared in 33 SAHS patients and 16 control subjects, matched for cardiovascular risk factors. Continuous overnight polysomnography provided ECG, respiratory and sleep parameters for a comparative analysis. Various types and severity of NCA were detected already in moderate SAHS (apnea/hypopnea index = 26 ±15.6/h), reflecting the respiratory and atherosclerotic changes. Moderately severe arrhythmias, represented with benign and 2 complex types were caused by hypoxemia characterized by AHI, minimal SaO2, and lower values after desaturation. Three-time higher prevalence of complex arrhythmias in SAHS patients was not significantly different by usual statistical comparison, likely due to a low number of controls and a joint occurrence of various types and complex severity of arrhythmias in some patients. Therefore, a complex assessment of different types and varying severity of arrhythmias would require a scale specifically constructed for their evaluation.