Tacrolimus in preventing transplant rejection in Chinese patients--optimizing use

Tacrolimus is a product of fermentation of Streptomyces, and belongs to the family of calcineurin inhibitors. It is a widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing solid-organ transplant rejection. Compared to cyclosporine, tacrolimus has greater immunosuppressive potency and a lower incidence o...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Drug design, development and therapy development and therapy, 2015-01, Vol.9, p.473-485
Hauptverfasser: Li, Chuan-Jiang, Li, Liang
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 485
container_issue
container_start_page 473
container_title Drug design, development and therapy
container_volume 9
creator Li, Chuan-Jiang
Li, Liang
description Tacrolimus is a product of fermentation of Streptomyces, and belongs to the family of calcineurin inhibitors. It is a widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing solid-organ transplant rejection. Compared to cyclosporine, tacrolimus has greater immunosuppressive potency and a lower incidence of side effects. It has been accepted as first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. Tacrolimus has specific features in Chinese transplant patients; its in vivo pharmacokinetics, treatment regimen, dose and administration, and adverse-effect profile are influenced by multiple factors, such as genetics and the spectrum of primary diseases in the Chinese population. We reviewed the clinical experience of tacrolimus use in Chinese liver- and kidney-transplant patients, including the pharmacology of tacrolimus, the immunosuppressive effects of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine, effects of different factors on tacrolimus metabolism on Chinese patients, personalized medicine, clinical safety profile, and patient satisfaction and adherence. This article provides guidance for the rational and efficient use of tacrolimus in Chinese organ-transplant patients.
doi_str_mv 10.2147/DDDT.S41349
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4298305</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A448157504</galeid><sourcerecordid>A448157504</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c628t-5cfac93508944b610f871b45e466d1af9a24c5e476d836e26b4ce1f2c3bd13093</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNktuL1DAYxYso7rr65LsMCCJIx9ybvAjLjDdYEHF8Dmn6dSZDm9SkHdC_3pRZd2fEB8lDbr9zknw5RfEcoyXBrHq7Xq83y28MU6YeFJcYV1UppcQPT8YXxZOU9ggJKgh6XFwQLpBShFwWXzfGxtC5fkoL5xdDhAP40fntYozGp6EzflxE2IMdXfAzsto5DwkWgxldRlNZhmF0vfs1i6YET4tHrekSPLvtr4rvH95vVp_Kmy8fP6-ub0oriBxLbltjFeVIKsZqgVErK1wzDkyIBptWGcJsnlWikVQAETWzgFtiad1gihS9Kt4dfYep7qGx-S7RdHqIrjfxpw7G6fMd73Z6Gw6aESUp4tkAHQ2acID88JTOxPerNvQaK8Vplry-PTOGHxOkUfcuWehylSBMSWPBK4qlVPh_UCYkxohk9OVf6D5M0efiaULIbMmJuKe2pgPtfBvyq-xsqq8Zk5hXHLFMLf9B5dZA72zw0Lq8fiZ4dSLYgenGXQrdNH93OgffHMGcl5QitHfVwkjPQdRzEPUxiJl-cfo7d-yf5NHf3M_X8A</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2226573526</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Tacrolimus in preventing transplant rejection in Chinese patients--optimizing use</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOVE Medical Press Journals</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Access via Taylor &amp; Francis (Open Access Collection)</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Li, Chuan-Jiang ; Li, Liang</creator><creatorcontrib>Li, Chuan-Jiang ; Li, Liang</creatorcontrib><description>Tacrolimus is a product of fermentation of Streptomyces, and belongs to the family of calcineurin inhibitors. It is a widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing solid-organ transplant rejection. Compared to cyclosporine, tacrolimus has greater immunosuppressive potency and a lower incidence of side effects. It has been accepted as first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. Tacrolimus has specific features in Chinese transplant patients; its in vivo pharmacokinetics, treatment regimen, dose and administration, and adverse-effect profile are influenced by multiple factors, such as genetics and the spectrum of primary diseases in the Chinese population. We reviewed the clinical experience of tacrolimus use in Chinese liver- and kidney-transplant patients, including the pharmacology of tacrolimus, the immunosuppressive effects of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine, effects of different factors on tacrolimus metabolism on Chinese patients, personalized medicine, clinical safety profile, and patient satisfaction and adherence. This article provides guidance for the rational and efficient use of tacrolimus in Chinese organ-transplant patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1177-8881</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1177-8881</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S41349</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25609922</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New Zealand: Dove Medical Press Limited</publisher><subject>Adenosine triphosphate ; Antigens ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group - genetics ; Biotransformation - genetics ; Calcineurin ; Calcineurin inhibitors ; Calcineurin Inhibitors - adverse effects ; Calcineurin Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics ; Calcineurin Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; China ; Chinese ; Cyclosporins ; Cytokines ; Cytotoxicity ; Dosage and administration ; Drug dosages ; FDA approval ; Fermentation ; Genetics ; Genotype ; Glycoproteins ; Graft rejection ; Graft Rejection - ethnology ; Graft Rejection - prevention &amp; control ; Graft Survival - drug effects ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive agents ; Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects ; Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacokinetics ; Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use ; kidney transplant ; Kidney transplantation ; Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects ; Kidney transplants ; Kidneys ; Liver ; Liver transplantation ; Liver Transplantation - adverse effects ; Liver transplants ; Lymphocytes ; Medication Adherence ; Metabolism ; Patient Satisfaction ; Patients ; Pediatrics ; personalized medicine ; Pharmacogenetics ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacology ; Phenotype ; Phosphatase ; Precision medicine ; Prevention ; Proteins ; Rejection ; Review ; Side effects ; Streptomyces ; Tacrolimus ; Tacrolimus - adverse effects ; Tacrolimus - pharmacokinetics ; Tacrolimus - therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Transplantation ; Transplants &amp; implants ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Drug design, development and therapy, 2015-01, Vol.9, p.473-485</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Dove Medical Press Limited</rights><rights>2015. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Li and Li. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c628t-5cfac93508944b610f871b45e466d1af9a24c5e476d836e26b4ce1f2c3bd13093</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298305/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4298305/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,3862,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25609922$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Chuan-Jiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Liang</creatorcontrib><title>Tacrolimus in preventing transplant rejection in Chinese patients--optimizing use</title><title>Drug design, development and therapy</title><addtitle>Drug Des Devel Ther</addtitle><description>Tacrolimus is a product of fermentation of Streptomyces, and belongs to the family of calcineurin inhibitors. It is a widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing solid-organ transplant rejection. Compared to cyclosporine, tacrolimus has greater immunosuppressive potency and a lower incidence of side effects. It has been accepted as first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. Tacrolimus has specific features in Chinese transplant patients; its in vivo pharmacokinetics, treatment regimen, dose and administration, and adverse-effect profile are influenced by multiple factors, such as genetics and the spectrum of primary diseases in the Chinese population. We reviewed the clinical experience of tacrolimus use in Chinese liver- and kidney-transplant patients, including the pharmacology of tacrolimus, the immunosuppressive effects of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine, effects of different factors on tacrolimus metabolism on Chinese patients, personalized medicine, clinical safety profile, and patient satisfaction and adherence. This article provides guidance for the rational and efficient use of tacrolimus in Chinese organ-transplant patients.</description><subject>Adenosine triphosphate</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Asian Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</subject><subject>Biotransformation - genetics</subject><subject>Calcineurin</subject><subject>Calcineurin inhibitors</subject><subject>Calcineurin Inhibitors - adverse effects</subject><subject>Calcineurin Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Calcineurin Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Chinese</subject><subject>Cyclosporins</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Dosage and administration</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>FDA approval</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Glycoproteins</subject><subject>Graft rejection</subject><subject>Graft Rejection - ethnology</subject><subject>Graft Rejection - prevention &amp; control</subject><subject>Graft Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive agents</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>kidney transplant</subject><subject>Kidney transplantation</subject><subject>Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects</subject><subject>Kidney transplants</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver transplantation</subject><subject>Liver Transplantation - adverse effects</subject><subject>Liver transplants</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Medication Adherence</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Patient Satisfaction</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>personalized medicine</subject><subject>Pharmacogenetics</subject><subject>Pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Phosphatase</subject><subject>Precision medicine</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rejection</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Streptomyces</subject><subject>Tacrolimus</subject><subject>Tacrolimus - adverse effects</subject><subject>Tacrolimus - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Tacrolimus - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Transplantation</subject><subject>Transplants &amp; implants</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>1177-8881</issn><issn>1177-8881</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNktuL1DAYxYso7rr65LsMCCJIx9ybvAjLjDdYEHF8Dmn6dSZDm9SkHdC_3pRZd2fEB8lDbr9zknw5RfEcoyXBrHq7Xq83y28MU6YeFJcYV1UppcQPT8YXxZOU9ggJKgh6XFwQLpBShFwWXzfGxtC5fkoL5xdDhAP40fntYozGp6EzflxE2IMdXfAzsto5DwkWgxldRlNZhmF0vfs1i6YET4tHrekSPLvtr4rvH95vVp_Kmy8fP6-ub0oriBxLbltjFeVIKsZqgVErK1wzDkyIBptWGcJsnlWikVQAETWzgFtiad1gihS9Kt4dfYep7qGx-S7RdHqIrjfxpw7G6fMd73Z6Gw6aESUp4tkAHQ2acID88JTOxPerNvQaK8Vplry-PTOGHxOkUfcuWehylSBMSWPBK4qlVPh_UCYkxohk9OVf6D5M0efiaULIbMmJuKe2pgPtfBvyq-xsqq8Zk5hXHLFMLf9B5dZA72zw0Lq8fiZ4dSLYgenGXQrdNH93OgffHMGcl5QitHfVwkjPQdRzEPUxiJl-cfo7d-yf5NHf3M_X8A</recordid><startdate>20150101</startdate><enddate>20150101</enddate><creator>Li, Chuan-Jiang</creator><creator>Li, Liang</creator><general>Dove Medical Press Limited</general><general>Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd</general><general>Dove Press</general><general>Dove Medical Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150101</creationdate><title>Tacrolimus in preventing transplant rejection in Chinese patients--optimizing use</title><author>Li, Chuan-Jiang ; Li, Liang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c628t-5cfac93508944b610f871b45e466d1af9a24c5e476d836e26b4ce1f2c3bd13093</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Adenosine triphosphate</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Asian Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</topic><topic>Biotransformation - genetics</topic><topic>Calcineurin</topic><topic>Calcineurin inhibitors</topic><topic>Calcineurin Inhibitors - adverse effects</topic><topic>Calcineurin Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Calcineurin Inhibitors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Chinese</topic><topic>Cyclosporins</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Dosage and administration</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>FDA approval</topic><topic>Fermentation</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Glycoproteins</topic><topic>Graft rejection</topic><topic>Graft Rejection - ethnology</topic><topic>Graft Rejection - prevention &amp; control</topic><topic>Graft Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunosuppressive agents</topic><topic>Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>kidney transplant</topic><topic>Kidney transplantation</topic><topic>Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects</topic><topic>Kidney transplants</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver transplantation</topic><topic>Liver Transplantation - adverse effects</topic><topic>Liver transplants</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Medication Adherence</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Patient Satisfaction</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>personalized medicine</topic><topic>Pharmacogenetics</topic><topic>Pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Phosphatase</topic><topic>Precision medicine</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Rejection</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Side effects</topic><topic>Streptomyces</topic><topic>Tacrolimus</topic><topic>Tacrolimus - adverse effects</topic><topic>Tacrolimus - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Tacrolimus - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Transplantation</topic><topic>Transplants &amp; implants</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Chuan-Jiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Liang</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Drug design, development and therapy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Chuan-Jiang</au><au>Li, Liang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tacrolimus in preventing transplant rejection in Chinese patients--optimizing use</atitle><jtitle>Drug design, development and therapy</jtitle><addtitle>Drug Des Devel Ther</addtitle><date>2015-01-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>9</volume><spage>473</spage><epage>485</epage><pages>473-485</pages><issn>1177-8881</issn><eissn>1177-8881</eissn><abstract>Tacrolimus is a product of fermentation of Streptomyces, and belongs to the family of calcineurin inhibitors. It is a widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing solid-organ transplant rejection. Compared to cyclosporine, tacrolimus has greater immunosuppressive potency and a lower incidence of side effects. It has been accepted as first-line treatment after liver and kidney transplantation. Tacrolimus has specific features in Chinese transplant patients; its in vivo pharmacokinetics, treatment regimen, dose and administration, and adverse-effect profile are influenced by multiple factors, such as genetics and the spectrum of primary diseases in the Chinese population. We reviewed the clinical experience of tacrolimus use in Chinese liver- and kidney-transplant patients, including the pharmacology of tacrolimus, the immunosuppressive effects of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine, effects of different factors on tacrolimus metabolism on Chinese patients, personalized medicine, clinical safety profile, and patient satisfaction and adherence. This article provides guidance for the rational and efficient use of tacrolimus in Chinese organ-transplant patients.</abstract><cop>New Zealand</cop><pub>Dove Medical Press Limited</pub><pmid>25609922</pmid><doi>10.2147/DDDT.S41349</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1177-8881
ispartof Drug design, development and therapy, 2015-01, Vol.9, p.473-485
issn 1177-8881
1177-8881
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4298305
source MEDLINE; DOVE Medical Press Journals; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Access via Taylor & Francis (Open Access Collection); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central
subjects Adenosine triphosphate
Antigens
Asian Continental Ancestry Group - genetics
Biotransformation - genetics
Calcineurin
Calcineurin inhibitors
Calcineurin Inhibitors - adverse effects
Calcineurin Inhibitors - pharmacokinetics
Calcineurin Inhibitors - therapeutic use
China
Chinese
Cyclosporins
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Dosage and administration
Drug dosages
FDA approval
Fermentation
Genetics
Genotype
Glycoproteins
Graft rejection
Graft Rejection - ethnology
Graft Rejection - prevention & control
Graft Survival - drug effects
Health risk assessment
Humans
Immunosuppressive agents
Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects
Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacokinetics
Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use
kidney transplant
Kidney transplantation
Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects
Kidney transplants
Kidneys
Liver
Liver transplantation
Liver Transplantation - adverse effects
Liver transplants
Lymphocytes
Medication Adherence
Metabolism
Patient Satisfaction
Patients
Pediatrics
personalized medicine
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology
Phenotype
Phosphatase
Precision medicine
Prevention
Proteins
Rejection
Review
Side effects
Streptomyces
Tacrolimus
Tacrolimus - adverse effects
Tacrolimus - pharmacokinetics
Tacrolimus - therapeutic use
Time Factors
Transplantation
Transplants & implants
Treatment Outcome
title Tacrolimus in preventing transplant rejection in Chinese patients--optimizing use
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-27T04%3A40%3A09IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tacrolimus%20in%20preventing%20transplant%20rejection%20in%20Chinese%20patients--optimizing%20use&rft.jtitle=Drug%20design,%20development%20and%20therapy&rft.au=Li,%20Chuan-Jiang&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.spage=473&rft.epage=485&rft.pages=473-485&rft.issn=1177-8881&rft.eissn=1177-8881&rft_id=info:doi/10.2147/DDDT.S41349&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA448157504%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2226573526&rft_id=info:pmid/25609922&rft_galeid=A448157504&rfr_iscdi=true