Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) present in type 2 diabetic patients greatly increases the risk of strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Timely detection and mapping of MetS facilitates appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches to minimize these risks. Our study aimed to determine the pre...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders 2014-11, Vol.13 (1), p.104-104, Article 104 |
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| container_title | Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders |
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| creator | Pokharel, Daya Ram Khadka, Dipendra Sigdel, Manoj Yadav, Naval Kishor Acharya, Shreedhar Kafle, Ram Chandra Shukla, Pramod Shankar |
| description | Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) present in type 2 diabetic patients greatly increases the risk of strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Timely detection and mapping of MetS facilitates appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches to minimize these risks. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients using WHO (1999), NCEP ATP III (2001), IDF (2005) and Harmonized (2009) definitions and identify the diagnostic concordance and disparity resulting from these four definitions.
Methods
Clinical and biochemical data were collected for 1061 type 2 diabetic patients at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The data was analyzed in order to identify prevalence of MetS in these patients. Statistical analysis included usage of Student’s t- and Chi-square tests, kappa statistics and 95% confidence intervals.
Results
The total age adjusted prevalence rates of MetS were 80.3%, 73.9%, 69.9% and 66.8% according to Harmonized, NCEP ATP III, WHO and IDF definitions, respectively. Prevalence increased with the age and was higher in females (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s40200-014-0104-3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4251856</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A541259047</galeid><sourcerecordid>A541259047</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c568t-35c033ef426d42ac21f5c52adcbe14885441759371488391cecbf0c7682470ec3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kstqGzEUhofS0oQ0D9BNERRKF5lU1xl5UzBuEhtC4kVKl0LWnLEVZiRXkgPurm8eDU6NXVpd0O07v6TDXxTvCb4kRFZfIscU4xITnjvmJXtVnFIqSFkJSV4fzE-K8xgfcS51LSWp3hYnVPBqxKg8LX7PAzzpDpwB5FvUQ9IL31mD4tY1wfeArEN3sM5IBJS2a0AUNVYvIGVorZMFlyLSxvjQWLdEyaMf0_sLdDe5mqPxwxzNZrMLNPt2jbRr0FSH3jv7Cxpkgk0QrH5XvGl1F-H8ZTwrvl9fPUym5e39zWwyvi2NqGQqmTCYMWg5rRpOtaGkFUZQ3ZgFEC6l4JzUYsTqYcFGxIBZtNjUlaS8xmDYWfF1p7veLHpoTH530J1aB9vrsFVeW3V84uxKLf2T4jmRUlRZ4POLQPA_NxCT6m000HXagd9ERSpWixpzTDL68S_00W-Cy98bKClHNcttTy1zdpV1rc_3mkFUjQUnVIwwH6jLf1C5NtBb4x20Nu8fBXw6CFiB7tIq-m6TrHfxGCQ70AQfY4B2nwyC1eAxtfOYyh5Tg8cUyzEfDrO4j_jjqAzQHRDzkVtCOPj6f1WfAZdr2Cg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1638897397</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria</title><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Pokharel, Daya Ram ; Khadka, Dipendra ; Sigdel, Manoj ; Yadav, Naval Kishor ; Acharya, Shreedhar ; Kafle, Ram Chandra ; Shukla, Pramod Shankar</creator><creatorcontrib>Pokharel, Daya Ram ; Khadka, Dipendra ; Sigdel, Manoj ; Yadav, Naval Kishor ; Acharya, Shreedhar ; Kafle, Ram Chandra ; Shukla, Pramod Shankar</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) present in type 2 diabetic patients greatly increases the risk of strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Timely detection and mapping of MetS facilitates appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches to minimize these risks. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients using WHO (1999), NCEP ATP III (2001), IDF (2005) and Harmonized (2009) definitions and identify the diagnostic concordance and disparity resulting from these four definitions.
Methods
Clinical and biochemical data were collected for 1061 type 2 diabetic patients at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The data was analyzed in order to identify prevalence of MetS in these patients. Statistical analysis included usage of Student’s t- and Chi-square tests, kappa statistics and 95% confidence intervals.
Results
The total age adjusted prevalence rates of MetS were 80.3%, 73.9%, 69.9% and 66.8% according to Harmonized, NCEP ATP III, WHO and IDF definitions, respectively. Prevalence increased with the age and was higher in females (p <0.001) according to WHO, NCEP ATP III and Harmonized definitions. Patients of Dalit community had the highest prevalence (p<0.05) according to NCEP ATP III and Harmonized definitions while Mongoloid and Newar patients had the highest prevalence (p <0.05) according to WHO and IDF definitions, respectively. Prevalence was also highest among patient engaged in agriculture occupation. Central obesity and hypertension were respectively the most and the least prevalent components of MetS. The highest overall agreement was between Harmonized and NCEP ATP III definitions (k =0.62, substantial) and the lowest between WHO & IDF definitions (k=0.26, slight). The Harmonized definition had the highest sensitivity (99.9%) and negative predictive value (98.9%) while NCEP ATP III definition had the highest specificity (98.9%) and positive predictive values (99.9%) in identifying the cases of MetS.
Conclusions
The prevalence of MetS among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients was very high suggesting that these patients were at increased risk of strokes, cardiovascular diseases and premature death. The Harmonized definition was the most sensitive while NCEP ATP III and IDF definitions were the most specific in detecting the presence of MetS in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2251-6581</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2251-6581</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0104-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25469328</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BioMed Central</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Care and treatment ; Complications and side effects ; Diabetes ; Diagnosis ; Endocrinology ; Health aspects ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Research Article ; Type 2 diabetes</subject><ispartof>Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2014-11, Vol.13 (1), p.104-104, Article 104</ispartof><rights>Pokharel et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright Tehran University of Medical Sciences Publications Nov 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c568t-35c033ef426d42ac21f5c52adcbe14885441759371488391cecbf0c7682470ec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c568t-35c033ef426d42ac21f5c52adcbe14885441759371488391cecbf0c7682470ec3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251856/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251856/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25469328$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pokharel, Daya Ram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khadka, Dipendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sigdel, Manoj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yadav, Naval Kishor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acharya, Shreedhar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kafle, Ram Chandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shukla, Pramod Shankar</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria</title><title>Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders</title><addtitle>J Diabetes Metab Disord</addtitle><addtitle>J Diabetes Metab Disord</addtitle><description>Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) present in type 2 diabetic patients greatly increases the risk of strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Timely detection and mapping of MetS facilitates appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches to minimize these risks. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients using WHO (1999), NCEP ATP III (2001), IDF (2005) and Harmonized (2009) definitions and identify the diagnostic concordance and disparity resulting from these four definitions.
Methods
Clinical and biochemical data were collected for 1061 type 2 diabetic patients at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The data was analyzed in order to identify prevalence of MetS in these patients. Statistical analysis included usage of Student’s t- and Chi-square tests, kappa statistics and 95% confidence intervals.
Results
The total age adjusted prevalence rates of MetS were 80.3%, 73.9%, 69.9% and 66.8% according to Harmonized, NCEP ATP III, WHO and IDF definitions, respectively. Prevalence increased with the age and was higher in females (p <0.001) according to WHO, NCEP ATP III and Harmonized definitions. Patients of Dalit community had the highest prevalence (p<0.05) according to NCEP ATP III and Harmonized definitions while Mongoloid and Newar patients had the highest prevalence (p <0.05) according to WHO and IDF definitions, respectively. Prevalence was also highest among patient engaged in agriculture occupation. Central obesity and hypertension were respectively the most and the least prevalent components of MetS. The highest overall agreement was between Harmonized and NCEP ATP III definitions (k =0.62, substantial) and the lowest between WHO & IDF definitions (k=0.26, slight). The Harmonized definition had the highest sensitivity (99.9%) and negative predictive value (98.9%) while NCEP ATP III definition had the highest specificity (98.9%) and positive predictive values (99.9%) in identifying the cases of MetS.
Conclusions
The prevalence of MetS among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients was very high suggesting that these patients were at increased risk of strokes, cardiovascular diseases and premature death. The Harmonized definition was the most sensitive while NCEP ATP III and IDF definitions were the most specific in detecting the presence of MetS in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Type 2 diabetes</subject><issn>2251-6581</issn><issn>2251-6581</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kstqGzEUhofS0oQ0D9BNERRKF5lU1xl5UzBuEhtC4kVKl0LWnLEVZiRXkgPurm8eDU6NXVpd0O07v6TDXxTvCb4kRFZfIscU4xITnjvmJXtVnFIqSFkJSV4fzE-K8xgfcS51LSWp3hYnVPBqxKg8LX7PAzzpDpwB5FvUQ9IL31mD4tY1wfeArEN3sM5IBJS2a0AUNVYvIGVorZMFlyLSxvjQWLdEyaMf0_sLdDe5mqPxwxzNZrMLNPt2jbRr0FSH3jv7Cxpkgk0QrH5XvGl1F-H8ZTwrvl9fPUym5e39zWwyvi2NqGQqmTCYMWg5rRpOtaGkFUZQ3ZgFEC6l4JzUYsTqYcFGxIBZtNjUlaS8xmDYWfF1p7veLHpoTH530J1aB9vrsFVeW3V84uxKLf2T4jmRUlRZ4POLQPA_NxCT6m000HXagd9ERSpWixpzTDL68S_00W-Cy98bKClHNcttTy1zdpV1rc_3mkFUjQUnVIwwH6jLf1C5NtBb4x20Nu8fBXw6CFiB7tIq-m6TrHfxGCQ70AQfY4B2nwyC1eAxtfOYyh5Tg8cUyzEfDrO4j_jjqAzQHRDzkVtCOPj6f1WfAZdr2Cg</recordid><startdate>20141123</startdate><enddate>20141123</enddate><creator>Pokharel, Daya Ram</creator><creator>Khadka, Dipendra</creator><creator>Sigdel, Manoj</creator><creator>Yadav, Naval Kishor</creator><creator>Acharya, Shreedhar</creator><creator>Kafle, Ram Chandra</creator><creator>Shukla, Pramod Shankar</creator><general>BioMed Central</general><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141123</creationdate><title>Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria</title><author>Pokharel, Daya Ram ; Khadka, Dipendra ; Sigdel, Manoj ; Yadav, Naval Kishor ; Acharya, Shreedhar ; Kafle, Ram Chandra ; Shukla, Pramod Shankar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c568t-35c033ef426d42ac21f5c52adcbe14885441759371488391cecbf0c7682470ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Type 2 diabetes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pokharel, Daya Ram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khadka, Dipendra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sigdel, Manoj</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yadav, Naval Kishor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acharya, Shreedhar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kafle, Ram Chandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shukla, Pramod Shankar</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA/Free Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Middle East & Africa Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pokharel, Daya Ram</au><au>Khadka, Dipendra</au><au>Sigdel, Manoj</au><au>Yadav, Naval Kishor</au><au>Acharya, Shreedhar</au><au>Kafle, Ram Chandra</au><au>Shukla, Pramod Shankar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria</atitle><jtitle>Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders</jtitle><stitle>J Diabetes Metab Disord</stitle><addtitle>J Diabetes Metab Disord</addtitle><date>2014-11-23</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>104</spage><epage>104</epage><pages>104-104</pages><artnum>104</artnum><issn>2251-6581</issn><eissn>2251-6581</eissn><abstract>Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) present in type 2 diabetic patients greatly increases the risk of strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Timely detection and mapping of MetS facilitates appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches to minimize these risks. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients using WHO (1999), NCEP ATP III (2001), IDF (2005) and Harmonized (2009) definitions and identify the diagnostic concordance and disparity resulting from these four definitions.
Methods
Clinical and biochemical data were collected for 1061 type 2 diabetic patients at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The data was analyzed in order to identify prevalence of MetS in these patients. Statistical analysis included usage of Student’s t- and Chi-square tests, kappa statistics and 95% confidence intervals.
Results
The total age adjusted prevalence rates of MetS were 80.3%, 73.9%, 69.9% and 66.8% according to Harmonized, NCEP ATP III, WHO and IDF definitions, respectively. Prevalence increased with the age and was higher in females (p <0.001) according to WHO, NCEP ATP III and Harmonized definitions. Patients of Dalit community had the highest prevalence (p<0.05) according to NCEP ATP III and Harmonized definitions while Mongoloid and Newar patients had the highest prevalence (p <0.05) according to WHO and IDF definitions, respectively. Prevalence was also highest among patient engaged in agriculture occupation. Central obesity and hypertension were respectively the most and the least prevalent components of MetS. The highest overall agreement was between Harmonized and NCEP ATP III definitions (k =0.62, substantial) and the lowest between WHO & IDF definitions (k=0.26, slight). The Harmonized definition had the highest sensitivity (99.9%) and negative predictive value (98.9%) while NCEP ATP III definition had the highest specificity (98.9%) and positive predictive values (99.9%) in identifying the cases of MetS.
Conclusions
The prevalence of MetS among Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients was very high suggesting that these patients were at increased risk of strokes, cardiovascular diseases and premature death. The Harmonized definition was the most sensitive while NCEP ATP III and IDF definitions were the most specific in detecting the presence of MetS in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BioMed Central</pub><pmid>25469328</pmid><doi>10.1186/s40200-014-0104-3</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis Care and treatment Complications and side effects Diabetes Diagnosis Endocrinology Health aspects Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Research Article Type 2 diabetes |
| title | Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Nepalese type 2 diabetic patients according to WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and Harmonized criteria |
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