The exonuclease domain of Lassa virus nucleoprotein is involved in antigen-presenting-cell-mediated NK cell responses
Lassa virus is an Old World Arenavirus which causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever in humans, mostly in West Africa. Lassa fever is an important public health problem, and a safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed. The infection causes immunosuppression, probably due to the absence of activation of a...
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description | Lassa virus is an Old World Arenavirus which causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever in humans, mostly in West Africa. Lassa fever is an important public health problem, and a safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed. The infection causes immunosuppression, probably due to the absence of activation of antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), low type I interferon (IFN) production, and deficient NK cell function. However, a recombinant Lassa virus carrying D389A and G392A substitutions in the nucleoprotein that abolish the exonuclease activity and IFN activation loses its inhibitory activity and induces strong type I IFN production by dendritic cells and macrophages. We show here that during infection by this mutant Lassa virus, antigen-presenting cells trigger efficient human NK cell responses in vitro, including production of IFN-γ and cytotoxicity. NK cell activation involves close contact with both antigen-presenting cells and soluble factors. We report that infected dendritic cells and macrophages express the NKG2D ligands major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chains A and B and that they may produce interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18, all involved in NK cell functions. NK cell degranulation is significantly increased in cocultures, suggesting that NK cells seem to kill infected dendritic cells and macrophages. This work confirms the inhibitory function of Lassa virus nucleoprotein. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that Lassa virus nucleoprotein is involved in the inhibition of antigen-presenting cell-mediated NK cell responses.
The pathogenesis and immune responses induced by Lassa virus are poorly known. Recently, an exonuclease domain contained in the viral nucleoprotein has been shown to be able to inhibit the type I IFN response by avoiding the recognition of viral RNA by cell sensors. Here, we studied the responses of NK cells to dendritic cells and macrophages infected with a recombinant Lassa virus in which the exonuclease functions have been abolished and demonstrated that NK cells are strongly activated and presented effective functions. These results show that the strategy developed by Lassa virus to evade innate immunity is also effective on NK cells, explaining the weak NK cell activation observed with the wild-type virus. By providing a better understanding of the interactions between Lassa virus and the host immune system, these results are important for the field of arenavirus biology |
doi_str_mv | 10.1128/JVI.01908-14 |
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The pathogenesis and immune responses induced by Lassa virus are poorly known. Recently, an exonuclease domain contained in the viral nucleoprotein has been shown to be able to inhibit the type I IFN response by avoiding the recognition of viral RNA by cell sensors. Here, we studied the responses of NK cells to dendritic cells and macrophages infected with a recombinant Lassa virus in which the exonuclease functions have been abolished and demonstrated that NK cells are strongly activated and presented effective functions. These results show that the strategy developed by Lassa virus to evade innate immunity is also effective on NK cells, explaining the weak NK cell activation observed with the wild-type virus. By providing a better understanding of the interactions between Lassa virus and the host immune system, these results are important for the field of arenavirus biology and may be useful for a vaccine approach against Lassa fever.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-538X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-5514</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01908-14</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25253342</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society for Microbiology</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology ; Arenavirus ; Bacteriology ; Capsid Proteins - genetics ; Capsid Proteins - immunology ; Cell Degranulation ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells - immunology ; Exonucleases - genetics ; Exonucleases - immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunology ; Interferon-gamma - secretion ; Interleukins - secretion ; Killer Cells, Natural - immunology ; Lassa virus ; Lassa virus - immunology ; Life Sciences ; Macrophages - immunology ; Microbiology and Parasitology ; Mutant Proteins - genetics ; Mutant Proteins - immunology ; Mutation, Missense ; Pathogenesis and Immunity ; Virology</subject><ispartof>Journal of virology, 2014-12, Vol.88 (23), p.13811-13820</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 2014 American Society for Microbiology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-a404caa84a9fab1596bc24cb98fec524642570de285be657f02cc506efcc8df93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-a404caa84a9fab1596bc24cb98fec524642570de285be657f02cc506efcc8df93</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8508-5167 ; 0000-0001-7858-1675 ; 0000-0002-3234-7477 ; 0000-0002-9633-9804</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4248958/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4248958/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27915,27916,53782,53784</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25253342$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-01911067$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Perlman, S.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Russier, Marion</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reynard, Stéphanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carnec, Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baize, Sylvain</creatorcontrib><title>The exonuclease domain of Lassa virus nucleoprotein is involved in antigen-presenting-cell-mediated NK cell responses</title><title>Journal of virology</title><addtitle>J Virol</addtitle><description>Lassa virus is an Old World Arenavirus which causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever in humans, mostly in West Africa. Lassa fever is an important public health problem, and a safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed. The infection causes immunosuppression, probably due to the absence of activation of antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), low type I interferon (IFN) production, and deficient NK cell function. However, a recombinant Lassa virus carrying D389A and G392A substitutions in the nucleoprotein that abolish the exonuclease activity and IFN activation loses its inhibitory activity and induces strong type I IFN production by dendritic cells and macrophages. We show here that during infection by this mutant Lassa virus, antigen-presenting cells trigger efficient human NK cell responses in vitro, including production of IFN-γ and cytotoxicity. NK cell activation involves close contact with both antigen-presenting cells and soluble factors. We report that infected dendritic cells and macrophages express the NKG2D ligands major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chains A and B and that they may produce interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18, all involved in NK cell functions. NK cell degranulation is significantly increased in cocultures, suggesting that NK cells seem to kill infected dendritic cells and macrophages. This work confirms the inhibitory function of Lassa virus nucleoprotein. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that Lassa virus nucleoprotein is involved in the inhibition of antigen-presenting cell-mediated NK cell responses.
The pathogenesis and immune responses induced by Lassa virus are poorly known. Recently, an exonuclease domain contained in the viral nucleoprotein has been shown to be able to inhibit the type I IFN response by avoiding the recognition of viral RNA by cell sensors. Here, we studied the responses of NK cells to dendritic cells and macrophages infected with a recombinant Lassa virus in which the exonuclease functions have been abolished and demonstrated that NK cells are strongly activated and presented effective functions. These results show that the strategy developed by Lassa virus to evade innate immunity is also effective on NK cells, explaining the weak NK cell activation observed with the wild-type virus. By providing a better understanding of the interactions between Lassa virus and the host immune system, these results are important for the field of arenavirus biology and may be useful for a vaccine approach against Lassa fever.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Arenavirus</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Capsid Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Capsid Proteins - immunology</subject><subject>Cell Degranulation</subject><subject>Cell Survival</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Coculture Techniques</subject><subject>Dendritic Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Exonucleases - genetics</subject><subject>Exonucleases - immunology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune Tolerance</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Interferon-gamma - secretion</subject><subject>Interleukins - secretion</subject><subject>Killer Cells, Natural - immunology</subject><subject>Lassa virus</subject><subject>Lassa virus - immunology</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Macrophages - immunology</subject><subject>Microbiology and Parasitology</subject><subject>Mutant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Mutant Proteins - immunology</subject><subject>Mutation, Missense</subject><subject>Pathogenesis and Immunity</subject><subject>Virology</subject><issn>0022-538X</issn><issn>1098-5514</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v3CAQhlHVKNl83HquOLZSSAGDF18iRVHTpFm1lyTKDWE83qXyggu21fz7srtp1ObUC6B5H4Z3mEHoHaNnjHH16evDzRllFVWEiTdoxmiliJRMvEUzSjknslCPB-gwpR-UMiFKsY8OuOSyKASfofFuBRh-BT_aDkwC3IS1cR6HFi9MSgZPLo4Jb-XQxzBAFl3Czk-hm6DJB2z84JbgSR8hQT77JbHQdWQNjTNDZr7d4k0AZ70PPkE6Rnut6RKcPO9H6P7q893lNVl8_3JzebEgVkg2ECOosMYoYarW1ExWZW25sHWlWrCS51q4nNMGuJI1lHLeUm6tpCW01qqmrYojdL7L2491dmOzu2g63Ue3NvFJB-P0v4p3K70MkxZcqEqqnODjLsHq1bXri4XexPLPM0bL-cQy--H5sRh-jpAGvXZpU7fxEMakWbZb5kX-D8qqgqncxYye7lAbQ0oR2hcbjOrNAOg8AHo7AHqLv_-74hf4T8eL3w4AreA</recordid><startdate>20141201</startdate><enddate>20141201</enddate><creator>Russier, Marion</creator><creator>Reynard, Stéphanie</creator><creator>Carnec, Xavier</creator><creator>Baize, Sylvain</creator><general>American Society for Microbiology</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-5167</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-1675</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-7477</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-9804</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20141201</creationdate><title>The exonuclease domain of Lassa virus nucleoprotein is involved in antigen-presenting-cell-mediated NK cell responses</title><author>Russier, Marion ; Reynard, Stéphanie ; Carnec, Xavier ; Baize, Sylvain</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-a404caa84a9fab1596bc24cb98fec524642570de285be657f02cc506efcc8df93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Arenavirus</topic><topic>Bacteriology</topic><topic>Capsid Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Capsid Proteins - immunology</topic><topic>Cell Degranulation</topic><topic>Cell Survival</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Coculture Techniques</topic><topic>Dendritic Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Exonucleases - genetics</topic><topic>Exonucleases - immunology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune Tolerance</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Interferon-gamma - secretion</topic><topic>Interleukins - secretion</topic><topic>Killer Cells, Natural - immunology</topic><topic>Lassa virus</topic><topic>Lassa virus - immunology</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Macrophages - immunology</topic><topic>Microbiology and Parasitology</topic><topic>Mutant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Mutant Proteins - immunology</topic><topic>Mutation, Missense</topic><topic>Pathogenesis and Immunity</topic><topic>Virology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Russier, Marion</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reynard, Stéphanie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carnec, Xavier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baize, Sylvain</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of virology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Russier, Marion</au><au>Reynard, Stéphanie</au><au>Carnec, Xavier</au><au>Baize, Sylvain</au><au>Perlman, S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The exonuclease domain of Lassa virus nucleoprotein is involved in antigen-presenting-cell-mediated NK cell responses</atitle><jtitle>Journal of virology</jtitle><addtitle>J Virol</addtitle><date>2014-12-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>88</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>13811</spage><epage>13820</epage><pages>13811-13820</pages><issn>0022-538X</issn><eissn>1098-5514</eissn><abstract>Lassa virus is an Old World Arenavirus which causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever in humans, mostly in West Africa. Lassa fever is an important public health problem, and a safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed. The infection causes immunosuppression, probably due to the absence of activation of antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), low type I interferon (IFN) production, and deficient NK cell function. However, a recombinant Lassa virus carrying D389A and G392A substitutions in the nucleoprotein that abolish the exonuclease activity and IFN activation loses its inhibitory activity and induces strong type I IFN production by dendritic cells and macrophages. We show here that during infection by this mutant Lassa virus, antigen-presenting cells trigger efficient human NK cell responses in vitro, including production of IFN-γ and cytotoxicity. NK cell activation involves close contact with both antigen-presenting cells and soluble factors. We report that infected dendritic cells and macrophages express the NKG2D ligands major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chains A and B and that they may produce interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-15, and IL-18, all involved in NK cell functions. NK cell degranulation is significantly increased in cocultures, suggesting that NK cells seem to kill infected dendritic cells and macrophages. This work confirms the inhibitory function of Lassa virus nucleoprotein. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that Lassa virus nucleoprotein is involved in the inhibition of antigen-presenting cell-mediated NK cell responses.
The pathogenesis and immune responses induced by Lassa virus are poorly known. Recently, an exonuclease domain contained in the viral nucleoprotein has been shown to be able to inhibit the type I IFN response by avoiding the recognition of viral RNA by cell sensors. Here, we studied the responses of NK cells to dendritic cells and macrophages infected with a recombinant Lassa virus in which the exonuclease functions have been abolished and demonstrated that NK cells are strongly activated and presented effective functions. These results show that the strategy developed by Lassa virus to evade innate immunity is also effective on NK cells, explaining the weak NK cell activation observed with the wild-type virus. By providing a better understanding of the interactions between Lassa virus and the host immune system, these results are important for the field of arenavirus biology and may be useful for a vaccine approach against Lassa fever.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society for Microbiology</pub><pmid>25253342</pmid><doi>10.1128/JVI.01908-14</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-5167</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7858-1675</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-7477</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-9804</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology Arenavirus Bacteriology Capsid Proteins - genetics Capsid Proteins - immunology Cell Degranulation Cell Survival Cells, Cultured Coculture Techniques Dendritic Cells - immunology Exonucleases - genetics Exonucleases - immunology Humans Immune Tolerance Immunology Interferon-gamma - secretion Interleukins - secretion Killer Cells, Natural - immunology Lassa virus Lassa virus - immunology Life Sciences Macrophages - immunology Microbiology and Parasitology Mutant Proteins - genetics Mutant Proteins - immunology Mutation, Missense Pathogenesis and Immunity Virology |
title | The exonuclease domain of Lassa virus nucleoprotein is involved in antigen-presenting-cell-mediated NK cell responses |
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