Observation of limb movements reduces phantom limb pain in bilateral amputees
Background Mirror therapy has been demonstrated to reduce phantom limb pain (PLP) experienced by unilateral limb amputees. Research suggests that the visual feedback of observing a limb moving in the mirror is critical for therapeutic efficacy. Objective Since mirror therapy is not an option for bil...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2014-09, Vol.1 (9), p.633-638 |
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| creator | Tung, Monica L. Murphy, Ian C. Griffin, Sarah C. Alphonso, Aimee L. Hussey‐Anderson, Lindsey Hughes, Katie E. Weeks, Sharon R. Merritt, Victoria Yetto, Joseph M. Pasquina, Paul F. Tsao, Jack W. |
| description | Background
Mirror therapy has been demonstrated to reduce phantom limb pain (PLP) experienced by unilateral limb amputees. Research suggests that the visual feedback of observing a limb moving in the mirror is critical for therapeutic efficacy.
Objective
Since mirror therapy is not an option for bilateral lower limb amputees, the purpose of this study was to determine if direct observation of another person's limbs could be used to relieve PLP.
Methods
We randomly assigned 20 bilateral lower limb amputees with PLP to visual observation (n = 11) or mental visualization (n = 9) treatment. Treatment consisted of seven discrete movements which were mimicked by the amputee's phantom limbs moving while visually observing the experimenter's limbs moving, or closing the eyes while visualizing and attempting the movements with their phantom limbs, respectively. Participants performed movements for 20 min daily for 1 month. Response to therapy was measured using a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS) and the McGill Short‐Form Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ).
Results
Direct visual observation significantly reduced PLP in both legs (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/acn3.89 |
| format | Article |
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Mirror therapy has been demonstrated to reduce phantom limb pain (PLP) experienced by unilateral limb amputees. Research suggests that the visual feedback of observing a limb moving in the mirror is critical for therapeutic efficacy.
Objective
Since mirror therapy is not an option for bilateral lower limb amputees, the purpose of this study was to determine if direct observation of another person's limbs could be used to relieve PLP.
Methods
We randomly assigned 20 bilateral lower limb amputees with PLP to visual observation (n = 11) or mental visualization (n = 9) treatment. Treatment consisted of seven discrete movements which were mimicked by the amputee's phantom limbs moving while visually observing the experimenter's limbs moving, or closing the eyes while visualizing and attempting the movements with their phantom limbs, respectively. Participants performed movements for 20 min daily for 1 month. Response to therapy was measured using a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS) and the McGill Short‐Form Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ).
Results
Direct visual observation significantly reduced PLP in both legs (P < 0.05). Amputees assigned to the mental visualization condition did not show a significant reduction in PLP.
Interpretation
Direct visual observation therapy is an inexpensive and effective treatment for PLP that is accessible to bilateral lower limb amputees.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2328-9503</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2328-9503</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/acn3.89</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25493277</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Amputation ; Data analysis ; Diabetes ; Feedback ; Feet ; Pain ; Patients ; Physical therapy ; Rehabilitation ; Virtual reality ; Visualization</subject><ispartof>Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2014-09, Vol.1 (9), p.633-638</ispartof><rights>2014 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association.</rights><rights>2014. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4999-17a52c5b4c99b6b8e8a418575c9b0c46d9e0ad9b0bc84d6d94cd3fe01aa4c68e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4999-17a52c5b4c99b6b8e8a418575c9b0c46d9e0ad9b0bc84d6d94cd3fe01aa4c68e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4241790/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4241790/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,866,887,1419,11571,27933,27934,45583,45584,46061,46485,53800,53802</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25493277$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tung, Monica L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, Ian C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffin, Sarah C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alphonso, Aimee L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussey‐Anderson, Lindsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hughes, Katie E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weeks, Sharon R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merritt, Victoria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yetto, Joseph M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pasquina, Paul F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsao, Jack W.</creatorcontrib><title>Observation of limb movements reduces phantom limb pain in bilateral amputees</title><title>Annals of clinical and translational neurology</title><addtitle>Ann Clin Transl Neurol</addtitle><description>Background
Mirror therapy has been demonstrated to reduce phantom limb pain (PLP) experienced by unilateral limb amputees. Research suggests that the visual feedback of observing a limb moving in the mirror is critical for therapeutic efficacy.
Objective
Since mirror therapy is not an option for bilateral lower limb amputees, the purpose of this study was to determine if direct observation of another person's limbs could be used to relieve PLP.
Methods
We randomly assigned 20 bilateral lower limb amputees with PLP to visual observation (n = 11) or mental visualization (n = 9) treatment. Treatment consisted of seven discrete movements which were mimicked by the amputee's phantom limbs moving while visually observing the experimenter's limbs moving, or closing the eyes while visualizing and attempting the movements with their phantom limbs, respectively. Participants performed movements for 20 min daily for 1 month. Response to therapy was measured using a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS) and the McGill Short‐Form Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ).
Results
Direct visual observation significantly reduced PLP in both legs (P < 0.05). Amputees assigned to the mental visualization condition did not show a significant reduction in PLP.
Interpretation
Direct visual observation therapy is an inexpensive and effective treatment for PLP that is accessible to bilateral lower limb amputees.</description><subject>Amputation</subject><subject>Data analysis</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Feet</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Physical therapy</subject><subject>Rehabilitation</subject><subject>Virtual reality</subject><subject>Visualization</subject><issn>2328-9503</issn><issn>2328-9503</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kVtLwzAYhoMoKlP8B1LwQkGmObbNjTCGJ_Bwo9chSb-5SNvUpJ3s3xuZDhWEQL7wPTy84UXogOAzgjE917ZlZ6XcQLuU0XIsBWabP-YdtB_jK8aYECpYQbfRDhVcMloUu-j-0UQIC90732Z-ltWuMVnjF9BA28csQDVYiFk3123vm9W6067N0jGu1j0EXWe66YYeIO6hrZmuI-x_3SP0fHX5NL0Z3z1e304nd2PLpZRjUmhBrTDcSmlyU0KpOSlFIaw02PK8koB1lWZjS16lJ7cVmwEmWnObl8BG6GLl7QbTQGVT1hRDdcE1OiyV10793rRurl78QnHKSSFxEpx8CYJ_GyD2qnHRQl3rFvwQFclZIQoqcpLQoz_oqx9Cm76nKJU4x7nMWaKOV5QNPsYAs3UYgtVnS-qzJVXKRB7-zL7mvjtJwOkKeHc1LP_zqMn0gSXdB01Zm9c</recordid><startdate>201409</startdate><enddate>201409</enddate><creator>Tung, Monica L.</creator><creator>Murphy, Ian C.</creator><creator>Griffin, Sarah C.</creator><creator>Alphonso, Aimee L.</creator><creator>Hussey‐Anderson, Lindsey</creator><creator>Hughes, Katie E.</creator><creator>Weeks, Sharon R.</creator><creator>Merritt, Victoria</creator><creator>Yetto, Joseph M.</creator><creator>Pasquina, Paul F.</creator><creator>Tsao, Jack W.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>BlackWell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201409</creationdate><title>Observation of limb movements reduces phantom limb pain in bilateral amputees</title><author>Tung, Monica L. ; Murphy, Ian C. ; Griffin, Sarah C. ; Alphonso, Aimee L. ; Hussey‐Anderson, Lindsey ; Hughes, Katie E. ; Weeks, Sharon R. ; Merritt, Victoria ; Yetto, Joseph M. ; Pasquina, Paul F. ; Tsao, Jack W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4999-17a52c5b4c99b6b8e8a418575c9b0c46d9e0ad9b0bc84d6d94cd3fe01aa4c68e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Amputation</topic><topic>Data analysis</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Feedback</topic><topic>Feet</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Physical therapy</topic><topic>Rehabilitation</topic><topic>Virtual reality</topic><topic>Visualization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tung, Monica L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murphy, Ian C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffin, Sarah C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alphonso, Aimee L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussey‐Anderson, Lindsey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hughes, Katie E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weeks, Sharon R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merritt, Victoria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yetto, Joseph M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pasquina, Paul F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsao, Jack W.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Annals of clinical and translational neurology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tung, Monica L.</au><au>Murphy, Ian C.</au><au>Griffin, Sarah C.</au><au>Alphonso, Aimee L.</au><au>Hussey‐Anderson, Lindsey</au><au>Hughes, Katie E.</au><au>Weeks, Sharon R.</au><au>Merritt, Victoria</au><au>Yetto, Joseph M.</au><au>Pasquina, Paul F.</au><au>Tsao, Jack W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Observation of limb movements reduces phantom limb pain in bilateral amputees</atitle><jtitle>Annals of clinical and translational neurology</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Clin Transl Neurol</addtitle><date>2014-09</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>1</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>633</spage><epage>638</epage><pages>633-638</pages><issn>2328-9503</issn><eissn>2328-9503</eissn><abstract>Background
Mirror therapy has been demonstrated to reduce phantom limb pain (PLP) experienced by unilateral limb amputees. Research suggests that the visual feedback of observing a limb moving in the mirror is critical for therapeutic efficacy.
Objective
Since mirror therapy is not an option for bilateral lower limb amputees, the purpose of this study was to determine if direct observation of another person's limbs could be used to relieve PLP.
Methods
We randomly assigned 20 bilateral lower limb amputees with PLP to visual observation (n = 11) or mental visualization (n = 9) treatment. Treatment consisted of seven discrete movements which were mimicked by the amputee's phantom limbs moving while visually observing the experimenter's limbs moving, or closing the eyes while visualizing and attempting the movements with their phantom limbs, respectively. Participants performed movements for 20 min daily for 1 month. Response to therapy was measured using a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS) and the McGill Short‐Form Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ).
Results
Direct visual observation significantly reduced PLP in both legs (P < 0.05). Amputees assigned to the mental visualization condition did not show a significant reduction in PLP.
Interpretation
Direct visual observation therapy is an inexpensive and effective treatment for PLP that is accessible to bilateral lower limb amputees.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>25493277</pmid><doi>10.1002/acn3.89</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2328-9503 |
| ispartof | Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2014-09, Vol.1 (9), p.633-638 |
| issn | 2328-9503 2328-9503 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4241790 |
| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection); PubMed Central |
| subjects | Amputation Data analysis Diabetes Feedback Feet Pain Patients Physical therapy Rehabilitation Virtual reality Visualization |
| title | Observation of limb movements reduces phantom limb pain in bilateral amputees |
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