Biomechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain
Walking on uneven terrain is more energetically costly than walking on smooth ground, but the biomechanical factors that contribute to this increase are unknown. To identify possible factors, we constructed an uneven terrain treadmill that allowed us to record biomechanical, electromyographic and me...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of experimental biology 2013-11, Vol.216 (Pt 21), p.3963-3970 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 3970 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | Pt 21 |
| container_start_page | 3963 |
| container_title | Journal of experimental biology |
| container_volume | 216 |
| creator | Voloshina, Alexandra S Kuo, Arthur D Daley, Monica A Ferris, Daniel P |
| description | Walking on uneven terrain is more energetically costly than walking on smooth ground, but the biomechanical factors that contribute to this increase are unknown. To identify possible factors, we constructed an uneven terrain treadmill that allowed us to record biomechanical, electromyographic and metabolic energetics data from human subjects. We hypothesized that walking on uneven terrain would increase step width and length variability, joint mechanical work and muscle co-activation compared with walking on smooth terrain. We tested healthy subjects (N=11) walking at 1.0 m s(-1), and found that, when walking on uneven terrain with up to 2.5 cm variation, subjects decreased their step length by 4% and did not significantly change their step width, while both step length and width variability increased significantly (22 and 36%, respectively; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1242/jeb.081711 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4236228</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1443993506</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-3cbae98140e609dd372a66a44c3aef468b48b39eb2734ade4fef24a447d3b953</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVkE1Lw0AQhhdRbK1e_AGSowjR_Zh87EXQ4hcUvPS-bDaTdmuyqbtJxX9vSmvRuQzDPLwzPIRcMnrLOPC7FRa3NGcZY0dkzCDLYskgOSZjSjmPqQQ5ImchrOhQaQKnZMSFZEImbEzyR9s2aJbaWRMi7coIHfoFdtuxraIvXX9Yt4haF_UON-iiDr3X1p2Tk0rXAS_2fULmz0_z6Ws8e395mz7MYiOyvIuFKTTKnAHFlMqyFBnXaaoBjNBYQZoXkBdCYsEzAbpEqLDiMOyzUhQyERNyv4td90WDpUHXeV2rtbeN9t-q1Vb93zi7VIt2o4CLlPN8CLjeB_j2s8fQqcYGg3WtHbZ9UAxASCkSmg7ozQ41vg3BY3U4w6jamlaDabUzPcBXfx87oL9qxQ_VK3pJ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1443993506</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Biomechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Company of Biologists</source><creator>Voloshina, Alexandra S ; Kuo, Arthur D ; Daley, Monica A ; Ferris, Daniel P</creator><creatorcontrib>Voloshina, Alexandra S ; Kuo, Arthur D ; Daley, Monica A ; Ferris, Daniel P</creatorcontrib><description>Walking on uneven terrain is more energetically costly than walking on smooth ground, but the biomechanical factors that contribute to this increase are unknown. To identify possible factors, we constructed an uneven terrain treadmill that allowed us to record biomechanical, electromyographic and metabolic energetics data from human subjects. We hypothesized that walking on uneven terrain would increase step width and length variability, joint mechanical work and muscle co-activation compared with walking on smooth terrain. We tested healthy subjects (N=11) walking at 1.0 m s(-1), and found that, when walking on uneven terrain with up to 2.5 cm variation, subjects decreased their step length by 4% and did not significantly change their step width, while both step length and width variability increased significantly (22 and 36%, respectively; P<0.05). Uneven terrain walking caused a 28 and 62% increase in positive knee and hip work, respectively, and a 26% greater magnitude of negative knee work (0.0106, 0.1078 and 0.0425 J kg(-1), respectively; P<0.05). Mean muscle activity increased in seven muscles in the lower leg and thigh (P<0.05). These changes caused overall net metabolic energy expenditure to increase by 0.73 W kg(-1) (28%; P<0.0001). Much of that increase could be explained by the increased mechanical work observed at the knee and hip. Greater muscle co-activation could also contribute to increased energetic cost but to unknown degree. The findings provide insight into how lower limb muscles are used differently for natural terrain compared with laboratory conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0949</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-9145</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1242/jeb.081711</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23913951</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Company of Biologists</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Electromyography ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Gait ; Hip - physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Knee - physiology ; Leg - physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Walking ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of experimental biology, 2013-11, Vol.216 (Pt 21), p.3963-3970</ispartof><rights>2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-3cbae98140e609dd372a66a44c3aef468b48b39eb2734ade4fef24a447d3b953</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-3cbae98140e609dd372a66a44c3aef468b48b39eb2734ade4fef24a447d3b953</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3665,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23913951$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Voloshina, Alexandra S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Arthur D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daley, Monica A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferris, Daniel P</creatorcontrib><title>Biomechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain</title><title>Journal of experimental biology</title><addtitle>J Exp Biol</addtitle><description>Walking on uneven terrain is more energetically costly than walking on smooth ground, but the biomechanical factors that contribute to this increase are unknown. To identify possible factors, we constructed an uneven terrain treadmill that allowed us to record biomechanical, electromyographic and metabolic energetics data from human subjects. We hypothesized that walking on uneven terrain would increase step width and length variability, joint mechanical work and muscle co-activation compared with walking on smooth terrain. We tested healthy subjects (N=11) walking at 1.0 m s(-1), and found that, when walking on uneven terrain with up to 2.5 cm variation, subjects decreased their step length by 4% and did not significantly change their step width, while both step length and width variability increased significantly (22 and 36%, respectively; P<0.05). Uneven terrain walking caused a 28 and 62% increase in positive knee and hip work, respectively, and a 26% greater magnitude of negative knee work (0.0106, 0.1078 and 0.0425 J kg(-1), respectively; P<0.05). Mean muscle activity increased in seven muscles in the lower leg and thigh (P<0.05). These changes caused overall net metabolic energy expenditure to increase by 0.73 W kg(-1) (28%; P<0.0001). Much of that increase could be explained by the increased mechanical work observed at the knee and hip. Greater muscle co-activation could also contribute to increased energetic cost but to unknown degree. The findings provide insight into how lower limb muscles are used differently for natural terrain compared with laboratory conditions.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism</subject><subject>Exercise Test</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gait</subject><subject>Hip - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Knee - physiology</subject><subject>Leg - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption</subject><subject>Walking</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0022-0949</issn><issn>1477-9145</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkE1Lw0AQhhdRbK1e_AGSowjR_Zh87EXQ4hcUvPS-bDaTdmuyqbtJxX9vSmvRuQzDPLwzPIRcMnrLOPC7FRa3NGcZY0dkzCDLYskgOSZjSjmPqQQ5ImchrOhQaQKnZMSFZEImbEzyR9s2aJbaWRMi7coIHfoFdtuxraIvXX9Yt4haF_UON-iiDr3X1p2Tk0rXAS_2fULmz0_z6Ws8e395mz7MYiOyvIuFKTTKnAHFlMqyFBnXaaoBjNBYQZoXkBdCYsEzAbpEqLDiMOyzUhQyERNyv4td90WDpUHXeV2rtbeN9t-q1Vb93zi7VIt2o4CLlPN8CLjeB_j2s8fQqcYGg3WtHbZ9UAxASCkSmg7ozQ41vg3BY3U4w6jamlaDabUzPcBXfx87oL9qxQ_VK3pJ</recordid><startdate>20131101</startdate><enddate>20131101</enddate><creator>Voloshina, Alexandra S</creator><creator>Kuo, Arthur D</creator><creator>Daley, Monica A</creator><creator>Ferris, Daniel P</creator><general>Company of Biologists</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20131101</creationdate><title>Biomechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain</title><author>Voloshina, Alexandra S ; Kuo, Arthur D ; Daley, Monica A ; Ferris, Daniel P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c378t-3cbae98140e609dd372a66a44c3aef468b48b39eb2734ade4fef24a447d3b953</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism</topic><topic>Exercise Test</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gait</topic><topic>Hip - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Knee - physiology</topic><topic>Leg - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption</topic><topic>Walking</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Voloshina, Alexandra S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuo, Arthur D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daley, Monica A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferris, Daniel P</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of experimental biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Voloshina, Alexandra S</au><au>Kuo, Arthur D</au><au>Daley, Monica A</au><au>Ferris, Daniel P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biomechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain</atitle><jtitle>Journal of experimental biology</jtitle><addtitle>J Exp Biol</addtitle><date>2013-11-01</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>216</volume><issue>Pt 21</issue><spage>3963</spage><epage>3970</epage><pages>3963-3970</pages><issn>0022-0949</issn><eissn>1477-9145</eissn><abstract>Walking on uneven terrain is more energetically costly than walking on smooth ground, but the biomechanical factors that contribute to this increase are unknown. To identify possible factors, we constructed an uneven terrain treadmill that allowed us to record biomechanical, electromyographic and metabolic energetics data from human subjects. We hypothesized that walking on uneven terrain would increase step width and length variability, joint mechanical work and muscle co-activation compared with walking on smooth terrain. We tested healthy subjects (N=11) walking at 1.0 m s(-1), and found that, when walking on uneven terrain with up to 2.5 cm variation, subjects decreased their step length by 4% and did not significantly change their step width, while both step length and width variability increased significantly (22 and 36%, respectively; P<0.05). Uneven terrain walking caused a 28 and 62% increase in positive knee and hip work, respectively, and a 26% greater magnitude of negative knee work (0.0106, 0.1078 and 0.0425 J kg(-1), respectively; P<0.05). Mean muscle activity increased in seven muscles in the lower leg and thigh (P<0.05). These changes caused overall net metabolic energy expenditure to increase by 0.73 W kg(-1) (28%; P<0.0001). Much of that increase could be explained by the increased mechanical work observed at the knee and hip. Greater muscle co-activation could also contribute to increased energetic cost but to unknown degree. The findings provide insight into how lower limb muscles are used differently for natural terrain compared with laboratory conditions.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Company of Biologists</pub><pmid>23913951</pmid><doi>10.1242/jeb.081711</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-0949 |
| ispartof | Journal of experimental biology, 2013-11, Vol.216 (Pt 21), p.3963-3970 |
| issn | 0022-0949 1477-9145 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4236228 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Company of Biologists |
| subjects | Adult Biomechanical Phenomena Electromyography Energy Metabolism Exercise Test Female Gait Hip - physiology Humans Kinetics Knee - physiology Leg - physiology Male Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Oxygen Consumption Walking Young Adult |
| title | Biomechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-20T20%3A04%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biomechanics%20and%20energetics%20of%20walking%20on%20uneven%20terrain&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20experimental%20biology&rft.au=Voloshina,%20Alexandra%20S&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft.volume=216&rft.issue=Pt%2021&rft.spage=3963&rft.epage=3970&rft.pages=3963-3970&rft.issn=0022-0949&rft.eissn=1477-9145&rft_id=info:doi/10.1242/jeb.081711&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E1443993506%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1443993506&rft_id=info:pmid/23913951&rfr_iscdi=true |