Safety Evaluation of Oral Toxicity of Carica papaya Linn. Leaves: A Subchronic Toxicity Study in Sprague Dawley Rats
The subchronic toxicity effect of the leaf extract of Carica papaya Linn. in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was investigated in this study. The extract was prepared by dissolving the freeze dried extract of the leaves in distilled water and was administered orally to SD rats (consisted of 10 rats/sex/grou...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-10 |
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| creator | Abdul Rashid, Badrul Amini Afzan, Adlin Abdullah, Noor Rain Halim, Siti Zaleha Ismail, Zakiah Jantan, Ibrahim |
| description | The subchronic toxicity effect of the leaf extract of Carica papaya Linn. in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was investigated in this study. The extract was prepared by dissolving the freeze dried extract of the leaves in distilled water and was administered orally to SD rats (consisted of 10 rats/sex/group) at 0 (control), 0.01, 0.14, and 2 g/kg body weight (BW) for 13 weeks. General observation, mortality, and food and water intake were monitored throughout the experimental period. Hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The study showed that leaf extract when administered for 13 weeks did not cause any mortality and abnormalities of behavior or changes in body weight as well as food and water intake. There were no significant differences observed in hematology parameters between treatment and control groups; however significant differences were seen in biochemistry values, for example, LDH, creatinine, total protein, and albumin. However, these changes were not associated with histopathological changes. In conclusion, the results suggested that daily oral administration of rats with C. papaya leaf extract for 13 weeks at a dose up to fourteen times the levels employed in traditional medicine practice did not cause any significant toxic effect. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2014/741470 |
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Leaves: A Subchronic Toxicity Study in Sprague Dawley Rats</title><source>Wiley Online Library Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Abdul Rashid, Badrul Amini ; Afzan, Adlin ; Abdullah, Noor Rain ; Halim, Siti Zaleha ; Ismail, Zakiah ; Jantan, Ibrahim</creator><contributor>Abdulla, Mahmood A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Abdul Rashid, Badrul Amini ; Afzan, Adlin ; Abdullah, Noor Rain ; Halim, Siti Zaleha ; Ismail, Zakiah ; Jantan, Ibrahim ; Abdulla, Mahmood A.</creatorcontrib><description>The subchronic toxicity effect of the leaf extract of Carica papaya Linn. in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was investigated in this study. The extract was prepared by dissolving the freeze dried extract of the leaves in distilled water and was administered orally to SD rats (consisted of 10 rats/sex/group) at 0 (control), 0.01, 0.14, and 2 g/kg body weight (BW) for 13 weeks. General observation, mortality, and food and water intake were monitored throughout the experimental period. Hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The study showed that leaf extract when administered for 13 weeks did not cause any mortality and abnormalities of behavior or changes in body weight as well as food and water intake. There were no significant differences observed in hematology parameters between treatment and control groups; however significant differences were seen in biochemistry values, for example, LDH, creatinine, total protein, and albumin. However, these changes were not associated with histopathological changes. In conclusion, the results suggested that daily oral administration of rats with C. papaya leaf extract for 13 weeks at a dose up to fourteen times the levels employed in traditional medicine practice did not cause any significant toxic effect.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1741-427X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-4288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2014/741470</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25530788</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Body weight ; Carica papaya ; Cooperation ; Creatinine ; Dehydrogenases ; Dengue fever ; Distilled water ; Drug dosages ; Food intake ; Fruits ; Hematology ; Humidity ; Laboratory animals ; Leaves ; Mortality ; Oral administration ; Phytochemicals ; Plasmodium falciparum ; R&D ; Rats ; Research & development ; Rodents ; Toxicity ; Traditional medicine ; Tropical diseases ; Water intake ; Water intakes</subject><ispartof>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-10</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 Zakiah Ismail et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Zakiah Ismail et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Zakiah Ismail et al. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-26522e26ee7bf4805c8382a588ea551ac114b7beb6ffb810e515b05d2c13fd863</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-26522e26ee7bf4805c8382a588ea551ac114b7beb6ffb810e515b05d2c13fd863</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9050-4648 ; 0000-0002-2582-0107</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4228719/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4228719/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25530788$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Abdulla, Mahmood A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Abdul Rashid, Badrul Amini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afzan, Adlin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdullah, Noor Rain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halim, Siti Zaleha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ismail, Zakiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jantan, Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><title>Safety Evaluation of Oral Toxicity of Carica papaya Linn. Leaves: A Subchronic Toxicity Study in Sprague Dawley Rats</title><title>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</title><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><description>The subchronic toxicity effect of the leaf extract of Carica papaya Linn. in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was investigated in this study. The extract was prepared by dissolving the freeze dried extract of the leaves in distilled water and was administered orally to SD rats (consisted of 10 rats/sex/group) at 0 (control), 0.01, 0.14, and 2 g/kg body weight (BW) for 13 weeks. General observation, mortality, and food and water intake were monitored throughout the experimental period. Hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The study showed that leaf extract when administered for 13 weeks did not cause any mortality and abnormalities of behavior or changes in body weight as well as food and water intake. There were no significant differences observed in hematology parameters between treatment and control groups; however significant differences were seen in biochemistry values, for example, LDH, creatinine, total protein, and albumin. However, these changes were not associated with histopathological changes. In conclusion, the results suggested that daily oral administration of rats with C. papaya leaf extract for 13 weeks at a dose up to fourteen times the levels employed in traditional medicine practice did not cause any significant toxic effect.</description><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Carica papaya</subject><subject>Cooperation</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Dehydrogenases</subject><subject>Dengue fever</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Food intake</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Oral administration</subject><subject>Phytochemicals</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum</subject><subject>R&D</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Research & development</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Traditional medicine</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Water intake</subject><subject>Water intakes</subject><issn>1741-427X</issn><issn>1741-4288</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc9rFDEUx4Mo9oeevEvAiyjbJpnJJOtBKGv9AQsFt4K38Cbzppsym0yTmW3nvzdl61o9ecoj75MP7-VLyCvOTjiX8lQwXp6qkpeKPSGHPFezUmj9dF-rnwfkKKVrxsRcKfWcHAgpC6a0PiTDClocJnq-hW6EwQVPQ0svInT0Mtw563IvXywgOgu0hx4moEvn_QldImwxfaBndDXWdh2Dd_bPo9UwNhN1nq76CFcj0k9w2-FEv8OQXpBnLXQJXz6cx-TH5_PLxdfZ8uLLt8XZcmbLSg0zUUkhUFSIqm5LzaTVhRYgtUaQkoPlvKxVjXXVtrXmDCWXNZONsLxoG10Vx-TjztuP9QYbi37Ii5k-ug3EyQRw5u-Od2tzFbamFEIrPs-Ctw-CGG5GTIPZuGSx68BjGJPhVTHPX1oomdE3_6DXYYw-r2cEq4TmQs51pt7vKBtDShHb_TCcmfs0zX2aZpdmpl8_nn_P_o4vA-92wNr5Bm7d_9kwI9jCI7iQRVb-Apl-sQk</recordid><startdate>20140101</startdate><enddate>20140101</enddate><creator>Abdul Rashid, Badrul Amini</creator><creator>Afzan, Adlin</creator><creator>Abdullah, Noor Rain</creator><creator>Halim, Siti Zaleha</creator><creator>Ismail, Zakiah</creator><creator>Jantan, Ibrahim</creator><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-4648</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-0107</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20140101</creationdate><title>Safety Evaluation of Oral Toxicity of Carica papaya Linn. Leaves: A Subchronic Toxicity Study in Sprague Dawley Rats</title><author>Abdul Rashid, Badrul Amini ; Afzan, Adlin ; Abdullah, Noor Rain ; Halim, Siti Zaleha ; Ismail, Zakiah ; Jantan, Ibrahim</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-26522e26ee7bf4805c8382a588ea551ac114b7beb6ffb810e515b05d2c13fd863</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Carica papaya</topic><topic>Cooperation</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Dehydrogenases</topic><topic>Dengue fever</topic><topic>Distilled water</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Food intake</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Humidity</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Oral administration</topic><topic>Phytochemicals</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum</topic><topic>R&D</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Research & development</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Traditional medicine</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><topic>Water intake</topic><topic>Water intakes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abdul Rashid, Badrul Amini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afzan, Adlin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdullah, Noor Rain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halim, Siti Zaleha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ismail, Zakiah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jantan, Ibrahim</creatorcontrib><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - e-Marefa Academic and Statistical Periodicals</collection><collection>معرفة - المحتوى العربي الأكاديمي المتكامل - e-Marefa Academic Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abdul Rashid, Badrul Amini</au><au>Afzan, Adlin</au><au>Abdullah, Noor Rain</au><au>Halim, Siti Zaleha</au><au>Ismail, Zakiah</au><au>Jantan, Ibrahim</au><au>Abdulla, Mahmood A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Safety Evaluation of Oral Toxicity of Carica papaya Linn. Leaves: A Subchronic Toxicity Study in Sprague Dawley Rats</atitle><jtitle>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><date>2014-01-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>2014</volume><issue>2014</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>10</epage><pages>1-10</pages><issn>1741-427X</issn><eissn>1741-4288</eissn><abstract>The subchronic toxicity effect of the leaf extract of Carica papaya Linn. in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was investigated in this study. The extract was prepared by dissolving the freeze dried extract of the leaves in distilled water and was administered orally to SD rats (consisted of 10 rats/sex/group) at 0 (control), 0.01, 0.14, and 2 g/kg body weight (BW) for 13 weeks. General observation, mortality, and food and water intake were monitored throughout the experimental period. Hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The study showed that leaf extract when administered for 13 weeks did not cause any mortality and abnormalities of behavior or changes in body weight as well as food and water intake. There were no significant differences observed in hematology parameters between treatment and control groups; however significant differences were seen in biochemistry values, for example, LDH, creatinine, total protein, and albumin. However, these changes were not associated with histopathological changes. In conclusion, the results suggested that daily oral administration of rats with C. papaya leaf extract for 13 weeks at a dose up to fourteen times the levels employed in traditional medicine practice did not cause any significant toxic effect.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>25530788</pmid><doi>10.1155/2014/741470</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-4648</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-0107</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Body weight Carica papaya Cooperation Creatinine Dehydrogenases Dengue fever Distilled water Drug dosages Food intake Fruits Hematology Humidity Laboratory animals Leaves Mortality Oral administration Phytochemicals Plasmodium falciparum R&D Rats Research & development Rodents Toxicity Traditional medicine Tropical diseases Water intake Water intakes |
| title | Safety Evaluation of Oral Toxicity of Carica papaya Linn. Leaves: A Subchronic Toxicity Study in Sprague Dawley Rats |
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