Stem Cells in the Nervous System

ABSTRACTGiven their capacity to regenerate cells lost through injury or disease, stem cells offer new vistas into possible treatments for degenerative diseases and their underlying causes. As such, stem cell biology is emerging as a driving force behind many studies in regenerative medicine. This re...

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Veröffentlicht in:American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation 2014-11, Vol.93 (11 Suppl 3), p.S132-S144
Hauptverfasser: Maldonado-Soto, Angel R, Oakley, Derek H, Wichterle, Hynek, Stein, Joel, Doetsch, Fiona K, Henderson, Christopher E
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container_end_page S144
container_issue 11 Suppl 3
container_start_page S132
container_title American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
container_volume 93
creator Maldonado-Soto, Angel R
Oakley, Derek H
Wichterle, Hynek
Stein, Joel
Doetsch, Fiona K
Henderson, Christopher E
description ABSTRACTGiven their capacity to regenerate cells lost through injury or disease, stem cells offer new vistas into possible treatments for degenerative diseases and their underlying causes. As such, stem cell biology is emerging as a driving force behind many studies in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the current understanding of the applications of stem cells in treating ailments of the human brain, with an emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases. Two types of neural stem cells are discussedendogenous neural stem cells residing within the adult brain and pluripotent stem cells capable of forming neural cells in culture. Endogenous neural stem cells give rise to neurons throughout life, but they are restricted to specialized regions in the brain. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating these cells is key in determining their therapeutic potential as well as finding mechanisms to activate dormant stem cells outside these specialized microdomains. In parallel, patient-derived stem cells can be used to generate neural cells in culture, providing new tools for disease modeling, drug testing, and cell-based therapies. Turning these technologies into viable treatments will require the integration of basic science with clinical skills in rehabilitation.
doi_str_mv 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000111
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source MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid Complete
subjects Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - diagnosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - therapy
Animals
Central Nervous System - cytology
Cohort Studies
Combined Modality Therapy
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
Neurodegenerative Diseases - diagnosis
Neurodegenerative Diseases - therapy
Parkinson Disease - diagnosis
Parkinson Disease - therapy
Physical Therapy Modalities
Prognosis
Quality of Life
Recovery of Function
Regenerative Medicine - methods
Risk Assessment
Stem Cell Transplantation - methods
Stem Cells - cytology
Stem Cells - physiology
Treatment Outcome
title Stem Cells in the Nervous System
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