Impact of pharmacy worker training and deployment on access to essential medicines and health outcomes in Malawi: protocol for a cluster quasi-experimental evaluation
Access to essential medicines is core to saving lives and improving health outcomes of people worldwide, particularly in the low- and middle-income countries. Having a trained pharmacy workforce to manage the supply chain and safely dispense medicines is critical to ensuring timely access to quality...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Implementation science : IS 2014-10, Vol.9 (1), p.156-156, Article 156 |
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| creator | Lubinga, Solomon J Jenny, Alisa M Larsen-Cooper, Erin Crawford, Jessica Matemba, Charles Stergachis, Andy Babigumira, Joseph B |
| description | Access to essential medicines is core to saving lives and improving health outcomes of people worldwide, particularly in the low- and middle-income countries. Having a trained pharmacy workforce to manage the supply chain and safely dispense medicines is critical to ensuring timely access to quality pharmaceuticals and improving child health outcomes.
This study measures the impact of an innovative pharmacy assistant training program in the low-income country of Malawi on access to medicines and health outcomes. We employ a cluster quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-samples and decision analytic modeling to examine access to and the use of medicines for malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea for children less than 5 years of age. Two intervention districts, with newly trained and deployed pharmacy assistants, and two usual care comparison districts, matched on socio-economic, geographic, and health-care utilization indicators, were selected for the study. A baseline household survey was conducted in March 2014, prior to the deployment of pharmacy assistants to the intervention district health centers. Follow-up surveys are planned at 12- and 24-months post-deployment. In addition, interviews are planned with caregivers, and time-motion studies will be conducted with health-care providers at the health centers to estimate costs and resources use.
This impact evaluation is designed to provide data on the effects of a novel pharmacy assistant program on pharmaceutical systems performance, and morbidity and mortality for the most common causes of death for children under five. The results of this study should contribute to policy decisions about whether and how to scale up the health systems strengthening workforce development program to have the greatest impact on the supply chain and health outcomes in Malawi. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s13012-014-0156-2 |
| format | Article |
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This study measures the impact of an innovative pharmacy assistant training program in the low-income country of Malawi on access to medicines and health outcomes. We employ a cluster quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-samples and decision analytic modeling to examine access to and the use of medicines for malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea for children less than 5 years of age. Two intervention districts, with newly trained and deployed pharmacy assistants, and two usual care comparison districts, matched on socio-economic, geographic, and health-care utilization indicators, were selected for the study. A baseline household survey was conducted in March 2014, prior to the deployment of pharmacy assistants to the intervention district health centers. Follow-up surveys are planned at 12- and 24-months post-deployment. In addition, interviews are planned with caregivers, and time-motion studies will be conducted with health-care providers at the health centers to estimate costs and resources use.
This impact evaluation is designed to provide data on the effects of a novel pharmacy assistant program on pharmaceutical systems performance, and morbidity and mortality for the most common causes of death for children under five. The results of this study should contribute to policy decisions about whether and how to scale up the health systems strengthening workforce development program to have the greatest impact on the supply chain and health outcomes in Malawi.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1748-5908</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1748-5908</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s13012-014-0156-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25300317</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Antibiotics ; Child ; Children ; Community ; Cost control ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diarrhea ; Drug stores ; Economic analysis ; Education, Pharmacy ; Health aspects ; Health care industry ; Health facilities ; Health sciences ; Health Services Accessibility - organization & administration ; Households ; Humans ; Logistics ; Malaria ; Malawi - epidemiology ; Mortality ; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Pharmaceutical policy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations - supply & distribution ; Pharmacists - organization & administration ; Pharmacy ; Pneumonia ; Quality of Health Care ; Quasi-experimental methods ; Research Design ; Study Protocol ; Supply chain management ; Training ; Workers</subject><ispartof>Implementation science : IS, 2014-10, Vol.9 (1), p.156-156, Article 156</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2014 Lubinga et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</rights><rights>Lubinga et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b588t-181b945cabaf50f3b86322d14b351c690235339d99e968e2a2b50ad6ae96da2b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b588t-181b945cabaf50f3b86322d14b351c690235339d99e968e2a2b50ad6ae96da2b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4196014/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4196014/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300317$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lubinga, Solomon J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jenny, Alisa M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larsen-Cooper, Erin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crawford, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matemba, Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stergachis, Andy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Babigumira, Joseph B</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of pharmacy worker training and deployment on access to essential medicines and health outcomes in Malawi: protocol for a cluster quasi-experimental evaluation</title><title>Implementation science : IS</title><addtitle>Implement Sci</addtitle><description>Access to essential medicines is core to saving lives and improving health outcomes of people worldwide, particularly in the low- and middle-income countries. Having a trained pharmacy workforce to manage the supply chain and safely dispense medicines is critical to ensuring timely access to quality pharmaceuticals and improving child health outcomes.
This study measures the impact of an innovative pharmacy assistant training program in the low-income country of Malawi on access to medicines and health outcomes. We employ a cluster quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-samples and decision analytic modeling to examine access to and the use of medicines for malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea for children less than 5 years of age. Two intervention districts, with newly trained and deployed pharmacy assistants, and two usual care comparison districts, matched on socio-economic, geographic, and health-care utilization indicators, were selected for the study. A baseline household survey was conducted in March 2014, prior to the deployment of pharmacy assistants to the intervention district health centers. Follow-up surveys are planned at 12- and 24-months post-deployment. In addition, interviews are planned with caregivers, and time-motion studies will be conducted with health-care providers at the health centers to estimate costs and resources use.
This impact evaluation is designed to provide data on the effects of a novel pharmacy assistant program on pharmaceutical systems performance, and morbidity and mortality for the most common causes of death for children under five. The results of this study should contribute to policy decisions about whether and how to scale up the health systems strengthening workforce development program to have the greatest impact on the supply chain and health outcomes in Malawi.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Community</subject><subject>Cost control</subject><subject>Cost-Benefit Analysis</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Drug stores</subject><subject>Economic analysis</subject><subject>Education, Pharmacy</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health care industry</subject><subject>Health facilities</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Health Services Accessibility - organization & administration</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Logistics</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malawi - epidemiology</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical policy</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Preparations - supply & distribution</subject><subject>Pharmacists - organization & administration</subject><subject>Pharmacy</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Quality of Health Care</subject><subject>Quasi-experimental methods</subject><subject>Research Design</subject><subject>Study Protocol</subject><subject>Supply chain management</subject><subject>Training</subject><subject>Workers</subject><issn>1748-5908</issn><issn>1748-5908</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUk1v1DAQjRCIlsIP4IIsceGSYsd2PjggVYVCpSIucLYmjrPr4tipnbTsH-J3dsKWVRcVIStyPH7zZvzeZNlLRo8Zq8u3iXHKipwygZ8s8-JRdsgqUeeyofXje_8H2bOULikVUpT8aXZQSE4pZ9Vh9ut8GEFPJPRkXEMcQG_ITYg_TCRTBOutXxHwHenM6MJmMB6hnoDWJiUyBYIbxiw4MpjOautN-o1fG3DTmoR50mHAmPXkCzi4se_IGMMUdHCkD5EA0W5OE5a7miHZ3PwcTbRLHaQ01-BmmGzwz7MnPbhkXtztR9n3s4_fTj_nF18_nZ-eXOStrOspZzVrGyE1tNBL2vO2LnlRdEy0XDJdNrTgkvOmaxrTlLUpoGglha4EPHZ44EfZ-y3vOLf4II19RHBqxJYgblQAq_ZvvF2rVbhWgjUl-oAEH7YErQ3_INi_QXnU1keF-WrxURVI8-aujxiuZpMmNdikjXPgTZiTYlVRlY2UaOR_oSXjjahEUSH09V_QyzBHj4IuKIYaCRyLHWoFzijr-4CN6oVUnUhBSyE5W8oeP4DC1ZnB6uBNbzG-l8C2CTqGlKLpd6IwqpZxflCGV_ft2GX8mV9-C63d8u8</recordid><startdate>20141011</startdate><enddate>20141011</enddate><creator>Lubinga, Solomon J</creator><creator>Jenny, Alisa M</creator><creator>Larsen-Cooper, Erin</creator><creator>Crawford, Jessica</creator><creator>Matemba, Charles</creator><creator>Stergachis, Andy</creator><creator>Babigumira, Joseph B</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20141011</creationdate><title>Impact of pharmacy worker training and deployment on access to essential medicines and health outcomes in Malawi: protocol for a cluster quasi-experimental evaluation</title><author>Lubinga, Solomon J ; Jenny, Alisa M ; Larsen-Cooper, Erin ; Crawford, Jessica ; Matemba, Charles ; Stergachis, Andy ; Babigumira, Joseph B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b588t-181b945cabaf50f3b86322d14b351c690235339d99e968e2a2b50ad6ae96da2b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Community</topic><topic>Cost control</topic><topic>Cost-Benefit Analysis</topic><topic>Diarrhea</topic><topic>Drug stores</topic><topic>Economic analysis</topic><topic>Education, Pharmacy</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health care industry</topic><topic>Health facilities</topic><topic>Health sciences</topic><topic>Health Services Accessibility - 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Having a trained pharmacy workforce to manage the supply chain and safely dispense medicines is critical to ensuring timely access to quality pharmaceuticals and improving child health outcomes.
This study measures the impact of an innovative pharmacy assistant training program in the low-income country of Malawi on access to medicines and health outcomes. We employ a cluster quasi-experimental design with pre-and post-samples and decision analytic modeling to examine access to and the use of medicines for malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea for children less than 5 years of age. Two intervention districts, with newly trained and deployed pharmacy assistants, and two usual care comparison districts, matched on socio-economic, geographic, and health-care utilization indicators, were selected for the study. A baseline household survey was conducted in March 2014, prior to the deployment of pharmacy assistants to the intervention district health centers. Follow-up surveys are planned at 12- and 24-months post-deployment. In addition, interviews are planned with caregivers, and time-motion studies will be conducted with health-care providers at the health centers to estimate costs and resources use.
This impact evaluation is designed to provide data on the effects of a novel pharmacy assistant program on pharmaceutical systems performance, and morbidity and mortality for the most common causes of death for children under five. The results of this study should contribute to policy decisions about whether and how to scale up the health systems strengthening workforce development program to have the greatest impact on the supply chain and health outcomes in Malawi.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>25300317</pmid><doi>10.1186/s13012-014-0156-2</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Implementation science : IS, 2014-10, Vol.9 (1), p.156-156, Article 156 |
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| subjects | Analysis Antibiotics Child Children Community Cost control Cost-Benefit Analysis Diarrhea Drug stores Economic analysis Education, Pharmacy Health aspects Health care industry Health facilities Health sciences Health Services Accessibility - organization & administration Households Humans Logistics Malaria Malawi - epidemiology Mortality Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) Pharmaceutical policy Pharmaceutical Preparations - supply & distribution Pharmacists - organization & administration Pharmacy Pneumonia Quality of Health Care Quasi-experimental methods Research Design Study Protocol Supply chain management Training Workers |
| title | Impact of pharmacy worker training and deployment on access to essential medicines and health outcomes in Malawi: protocol for a cluster quasi-experimental evaluation |
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