Evolution as a Self-Organized Critical Phenomenon
We present a simple mathematical model of biological macroevolution. The model describes an ecology of adapting, interacting species. The environment of any given species is affected by other evolving species; hence, it is not constant in time. The ecology as a whole evolves to a "self-organize...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1995-05, Vol.92 (11), p.5209-5213 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
| container_volume | 92 |
| creator | Sneppen, Kim Bak, Per Flyvbjerg, Henrik Jensen, Mogens H. |
| description | We present a simple mathematical model of biological macroevolution. The model describes an ecology of adapting, interacting species. The environment of any given species is affected by other evolving species; hence, it is not constant in time. The ecology as a whole evolves to a "self-organized critical" state where periods of stasis alternate with avalanches of causally connected evolutionary changes. This characteristic behavior of natural history, known as "punctuated equilibrium," thus finds a theoretical explanation as a self-organized critical phenomenon. The evolutionary behavior of single species is intermittent. Also, large bursts of apparently simultaneous evolutionary activity require no external cause. Extinctions of all sizes, including mass extinctions, may be a simple consequence of ecosystem dynamics. Our results are compared with data from the fossil record |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.92.11.5209 |
| format | Article |
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Our results are compared with data from the fossil record</description><subject>Adaptation, Biological</subject><subject>Avalanches</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION</subject><subject>BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES</subject><subject>Ecological competition</subject><subject>Ecological genetics</subject><subject>Ecological modeling</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Extinct species</subject><subject>Genera</subject><subject>Genetic mutation</subject><subject>Mass extinction events</subject><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELS</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Time</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1995</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcuLFDEQxoMo67h69qLSeNBTz1YenQd4kWF9wMIK6jmk0-mdDD3JmKQX9a83w4zj46CHog7f76ui6kPoMYYlBkEvdsHkpSJLjJcdAXUHLTAo3HKm4C5aABDRSkbYffQg5w0AqE7CGToTgmMmugXCl7dxmouPoTG5Mc1HN43tdboxwX93Q7NKvnhrpubD2oW4rRUeonujmbJ7dOzn6POby0-rd-3V9dv3q9dXreUYl7a3ozIjEUra0eGRyYGqjhk2DL2gZmQwSIPZyA3FwyAlB9MzrhwIB1wC7-k5enWYu5v7rRusCyWZSe-S35r0TUfj9Z9K8Gt9E281w1LIam8O9piL19n64uzaxhCcLVp0VIqKvDhuSPHL7HLRW5-tmyYTXJyzFoJIRQn8F8RcKFCAK_j8L3AT5xTqmzQBTBTlHa3QxQGyKeac3Hi6CYPeh6r3oWpFNMZ6H2p1PP39FSf-mGLVXx71vfGn-muAHudpKu5rqeSzf5IVeHIANrnEdCII5ULUA38AiMS-WA</recordid><startdate>19950523</startdate><enddate>19950523</enddate><creator>Sneppen, Kim</creator><creator>Bak, Per</creator><creator>Flyvbjerg, Henrik</creator><creator>Jensen, Mogens H.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19950523</creationdate><title>Evolution as a Self-Organized Critical Phenomenon</title><author>Sneppen, Kim ; 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| identifier | ISSN: 0027-8424 |
| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1995-05, Vol.92 (11), p.5209-5213 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Full-Text Journals in Chemistry (Open access); PubMed Central (PMC); Alma/SFX Local Collection; JSTOR |
| subjects | Adaptation, Biological Avalanches BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, BASIC STUDIES Ecological competition Ecological genetics Ecological modeling Ecology Evolution Extinct species Genera Genetic mutation Mass extinction events MATHEMATICAL MODELS Models, Biological Models, Theoretical Space life sciences Species Time |
| title | Evolution as a Self-Organized Critical Phenomenon |
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