Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery
BACKGROUND: Acute postsurgical pain is of great interest due to potential risk of becoming chronic if not treated properly, worsening patient’s recovery and quality of life. Twenty-eight dogs with ruptured cruciate ligaments were divided into three groups that received intramuscular injections of 4 ...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMC veterinary research 2014-09, Vol.10 (1), p.194, Article 194 |
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| description | BACKGROUND: Acute postsurgical pain is of great interest due to potential risk of becoming chronic if not treated properly, worsening patient’s recovery and quality of life. Twenty-eight dogs with ruptured cruciate ligaments were divided into three groups that received intramuscular injections of 4 mg/kg of tramadol (TRA), 0.5 mg/kg of methadone (MET0.5), or 0.7 mg/kg of methadone (MET0.7). Physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure) were evaluated at specified times: baseline (TBL), 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 6 (T6), and 24 (T24) hours after premedication. Pain scores were described by visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Glasgow Composite, and Colorado University Acute Pain scales. Blood samples for measurement of interleukin (IL)-6 were collected at TBL, T1, T6, and T24. This was a prospective, randomised investigation to evaluate the efficacy of tramadol and methadone as premedications in dogs undergoing osteotomies. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to age, weight, gender, surgery time, and time to extubation. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure values were maintained within acceptable ranges, and a reduction was observed at T2 in MET0.5 and MET0.7 compared with TBL. Increases in VAS scores were observed in TRA at T4 compared with TBL, T1, and T24 and between T1 and T6 (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s12917-014-0194-7 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4173003</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A539606080</galeid><sourcerecordid>A539606080</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-a00f4e690d37ac6e73fae53527287edc10c8f542d089e03a776a5214508f02d63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptUttqFTEUHUSxtfoBvmjA56k7l0lmXoRS6gUKPmifQ0x25qTOTI5J5kA_ov9sjqfWFiSEZGWvtcjerKZ5TeGU0l6-z5QNVLVARd2DaNWT5pgqIVtJRf_0wf2oeZHzNYAQg5LPmyPW0YFLxo-b24udmVZTQlxI9KRskKD3aEvewxnLxri4IDGLIyWZuaKJVO425hK3mKpyt6-aacQczB9exrTOJCwF04Trz7C0siLi4pjJujhMYwzLSGIqm7g16IIleU0jppuXzTNvpoyv7s6T5urjxffzz-3l109fzs8uW9sJUVoD4AXKARxXxkpU3BvseMcU6xU6S8H2vhPMQT8gcKOUNB2jooPeA3OSnzQfDr7b9cdcBbjU3ia9TWE26UZHE_TjyhI2eow7LajiALwavLszSPHXirno67imOoWsaSdFD5QP7B9rNBPqsPhYzewcstVnHR8kSOihsk7_w6rL4RxsHb4P9f2RgB4ENsWcE_r7j1PQ-2DoQzB0DYbeB0OrqnnzsON7xd8kVMLbA8GbqM2YQtZX31h1AKCSiZ7x318fvq8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1564801392</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Cardozo, Larissa B ; Cotes, Lourenço C ; Kahvegian, Marcia A P ; Rizzo, Maria Fernanda C I ; Otsuki, Denise A ; Ferrigno, Cassio R A ; Fantoni, Denise T</creator><creatorcontrib>Cardozo, Larissa B ; Cotes, Lourenço C ; Kahvegian, Marcia A P ; Rizzo, Maria Fernanda C I ; Otsuki, Denise A ; Ferrigno, Cassio R A ; Fantoni, Denise T</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND: Acute postsurgical pain is of great interest due to potential risk of becoming chronic if not treated properly, worsening patient’s recovery and quality of life. Twenty-eight dogs with ruptured cruciate ligaments were divided into three groups that received intramuscular injections of 4 mg/kg of tramadol (TRA), 0.5 mg/kg of methadone (MET0.5), or 0.7 mg/kg of methadone (MET0.7). Physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure) were evaluated at specified times: baseline (TBL), 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 6 (T6), and 24 (T24) hours after premedication. Pain scores were described by visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Glasgow Composite, and Colorado University Acute Pain scales. Blood samples for measurement of interleukin (IL)-6 were collected at TBL, T1, T6, and T24. This was a prospective, randomised investigation to evaluate the efficacy of tramadol and methadone as premedications in dogs undergoing osteotomies. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to age, weight, gender, surgery time, and time to extubation. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure values were maintained within acceptable ranges, and a reduction was observed at T2 in MET0.5 and MET0.7 compared with TBL. Increases in VAS scores were observed in TRA at T4 compared with TBL, T1, and T24 and between T1 and T6 (p < 0.001). In MET0.5, there was significant increase in VAS score at T4 compared with T1 (p < 0.001). TRA and MET0.5 showed significantly higher mean ± SD VAS scores (3.4 ± 2.5 and 2.5 ± 2.6, respectively) than MET0.7 (1.1 ± 1.5) at T4 (p < 0.001). TRA showed greater demand of rescue analgesia (four animals in T4 and two in T6) (p < 0.037). There were no statistically significant differences in sedation scores, Colorado Scale scores, or interleukin levels between groups and time points. CONCLUSIONS: Methadone given as premedication in doses of 0.7 mg/kg was better at controlling pain compared with lower doses and tramadol. However, dosage increases, administered as rescue analgesia, promoted adequate pain control even in tramadol group. Influence of these analgesics on IL-6 release could not be demonstrated, but significant levels were not found.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1746-6148</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1746-6148</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0194-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25193623</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>analgesia ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage ; Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology ; Anesthesiology ; Animals ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament - surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Blood pressure ; blood serum ; Care and treatment ; Dogs ; Dogs - injuries ; Dogs - surgery ; Drug dosages ; Experiments ; Gases ; gender ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; heart ; heart rate ; interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-6 - metabolism ; Laboratories ; ligaments ; Medical research ; methadone ; Methadone - administration & dosage ; Methadone - pharmacology ; Pain ; Pain Measurement - veterinary ; Pain, Postoperative - prevention & control ; Pain, Postoperative - veterinary ; patients ; Postoperative period ; quality of life ; respiratory rate ; risk ; Rupture - surgery ; sedation ; Studies ; Surgery ; Tramadol - administration & dosage ; Tramadol - pharmacology ; Veterinary medicine</subject><ispartof>BMC veterinary research, 2014-09, Vol.10 (1), p.194, Article 194</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2014 Cardozo et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</rights><rights>Cardozo et al. licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-a00f4e690d37ac6e73fae53527287edc10c8f542d089e03a776a5214508f02d63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-a00f4e690d37ac6e73fae53527287edc10c8f542d089e03a776a5214508f02d63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4173003/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4173003/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193623$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cardozo, Larissa B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cotes, Lourenço C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kahvegian, Marcia A P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rizzo, Maria Fernanda C I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otsuki, Denise A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrigno, Cassio R A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fantoni, Denise T</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery</title><title>BMC veterinary research</title><addtitle>BMC Vet Res</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND: Acute postsurgical pain is of great interest due to potential risk of becoming chronic if not treated properly, worsening patient’s recovery and quality of life. Twenty-eight dogs with ruptured cruciate ligaments were divided into three groups that received intramuscular injections of 4 mg/kg of tramadol (TRA), 0.5 mg/kg of methadone (MET0.5), or 0.7 mg/kg of methadone (MET0.7). Physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure) were evaluated at specified times: baseline (TBL), 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 6 (T6), and 24 (T24) hours after premedication. Pain scores were described by visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Glasgow Composite, and Colorado University Acute Pain scales. Blood samples for measurement of interleukin (IL)-6 were collected at TBL, T1, T6, and T24. This was a prospective, randomised investigation to evaluate the efficacy of tramadol and methadone as premedications in dogs undergoing osteotomies. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to age, weight, gender, surgery time, and time to extubation. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure values were maintained within acceptable ranges, and a reduction was observed at T2 in MET0.5 and MET0.7 compared with TBL. Increases in VAS scores were observed in TRA at T4 compared with TBL, T1, and T24 and between T1 and T6 (p < 0.001). In MET0.5, there was significant increase in VAS score at T4 compared with T1 (p < 0.001). TRA and MET0.5 showed significantly higher mean ± SD VAS scores (3.4 ± 2.5 and 2.5 ± 2.6, respectively) than MET0.7 (1.1 ± 1.5) at T4 (p < 0.001). TRA showed greater demand of rescue analgesia (four animals in T4 and two in T6) (p < 0.037). There were no statistically significant differences in sedation scores, Colorado Scale scores, or interleukin levels between groups and time points. CONCLUSIONS: Methadone given as premedication in doses of 0.7 mg/kg was better at controlling pain compared with lower doses and tramadol. However, dosage increases, administered as rescue analgesia, promoted adequate pain control even in tramadol group. Influence of these analgesics on IL-6 release could not be demonstrated, but significant levels were not found.</description><subject>analgesia</subject><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Anesthesiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anterior Cruciate Ligament - surgery</subject><subject>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>blood serum</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Dogs - injuries</subject><subject>Dogs - surgery</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Gases</subject><subject>gender</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>heart</subject><subject>heart rate</subject><subject>interleukin-6</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - metabolism</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>ligaments</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>methadone</subject><subject>Methadone - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Methadone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Pain Measurement - veterinary</subject><subject>Pain, Postoperative - prevention & control</subject><subject>Pain, Postoperative - veterinary</subject><subject>patients</subject><subject>Postoperative period</subject><subject>quality of life</subject><subject>respiratory rate</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>Rupture - surgery</subject><subject>sedation</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Tramadol - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Tramadol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><issn>1746-6148</issn><issn>1746-6148</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptUttqFTEUHUSxtfoBvmjA56k7l0lmXoRS6gUKPmifQ0x25qTOTI5J5kA_ov9sjqfWFiSEZGWvtcjerKZ5TeGU0l6-z5QNVLVARd2DaNWT5pgqIVtJRf_0wf2oeZHzNYAQg5LPmyPW0YFLxo-b24udmVZTQlxI9KRskKD3aEvewxnLxri4IDGLIyWZuaKJVO425hK3mKpyt6-aacQczB9exrTOJCwF04Trz7C0siLi4pjJujhMYwzLSGIqm7g16IIleU0jppuXzTNvpoyv7s6T5urjxffzz-3l109fzs8uW9sJUVoD4AXKARxXxkpU3BvseMcU6xU6S8H2vhPMQT8gcKOUNB2jooPeA3OSnzQfDr7b9cdcBbjU3ia9TWE26UZHE_TjyhI2eow7LajiALwavLszSPHXirno67imOoWsaSdFD5QP7B9rNBPqsPhYzewcstVnHR8kSOihsk7_w6rL4RxsHb4P9f2RgB4ENsWcE_r7j1PQ-2DoQzB0DYbeB0OrqnnzsON7xd8kVMLbA8GbqM2YQtZX31h1AKCSiZ7x318fvq8</recordid><startdate>20140906</startdate><enddate>20140906</enddate><creator>Cardozo, Larissa B</creator><creator>Cotes, Lourenço C</creator><creator>Kahvegian, Marcia A P</creator><creator>Rizzo, Maria Fernanda C I</creator><creator>Otsuki, Denise A</creator><creator>Ferrigno, Cassio R A</creator><creator>Fantoni, Denise T</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140906</creationdate><title>Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery</title><author>Cardozo, Larissa B ; Cotes, Lourenço C ; Kahvegian, Marcia A P ; Rizzo, Maria Fernanda C I ; Otsuki, Denise A ; Ferrigno, Cassio R A ; Fantoni, Denise T</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-a00f4e690d37ac6e73fae53527287edc10c8f542d089e03a776a5214508f02d63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>analgesia</topic><topic>Analgesics</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology</topic><topic>Anesthesiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anterior Cruciate Ligament - surgery</topic><topic>Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>blood serum</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Dogs - injuries</topic><topic>Dogs - surgery</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Gases</topic><topic>gender</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</topic><topic>heart</topic><topic>heart rate</topic><topic>interleukin-6</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - metabolism</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>ligaments</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>methadone</topic><topic>Methadone - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Methadone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Pain Measurement - veterinary</topic><topic>Pain, Postoperative - prevention & control</topic><topic>Pain, Postoperative - veterinary</topic><topic>patients</topic><topic>Postoperative period</topic><topic>quality of life</topic><topic>respiratory rate</topic><topic>risk</topic><topic>Rupture - surgery</topic><topic>sedation</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Tramadol - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Tramadol - pharmacology</topic><topic>Veterinary medicine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cardozo, Larissa B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cotes, Lourenço C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kahvegian, Marcia A P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rizzo, Maria Fernanda C I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otsuki, Denise A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrigno, Cassio R A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fantoni, Denise T</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMC veterinary research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cardozo, Larissa B</au><au>Cotes, Lourenço C</au><au>Kahvegian, Marcia A P</au><au>Rizzo, Maria Fernanda C I</au><au>Otsuki, Denise A</au><au>Ferrigno, Cassio R A</au><au>Fantoni, Denise T</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery</atitle><jtitle>BMC veterinary research</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Vet Res</addtitle><date>2014-09-06</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>194</spage><pages>194-</pages><artnum>194</artnum><issn>1746-6148</issn><eissn>1746-6148</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND: Acute postsurgical pain is of great interest due to potential risk of becoming chronic if not treated properly, worsening patient’s recovery and quality of life. Twenty-eight dogs with ruptured cruciate ligaments were divided into three groups that received intramuscular injections of 4 mg/kg of tramadol (TRA), 0.5 mg/kg of methadone (MET0.5), or 0.7 mg/kg of methadone (MET0.7). Physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure) were evaluated at specified times: baseline (TBL), 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T4), 6 (T6), and 24 (T24) hours after premedication. Pain scores were described by visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Glasgow Composite, and Colorado University Acute Pain scales. Blood samples for measurement of interleukin (IL)-6 were collected at TBL, T1, T6, and T24. This was a prospective, randomised investigation to evaluate the efficacy of tramadol and methadone as premedications in dogs undergoing osteotomies. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to age, weight, gender, surgery time, and time to extubation. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure values were maintained within acceptable ranges, and a reduction was observed at T2 in MET0.5 and MET0.7 compared with TBL. Increases in VAS scores were observed in TRA at T4 compared with TBL, T1, and T24 and between T1 and T6 (p < 0.001). In MET0.5, there was significant increase in VAS score at T4 compared with T1 (p < 0.001). TRA and MET0.5 showed significantly higher mean ± SD VAS scores (3.4 ± 2.5 and 2.5 ± 2.6, respectively) than MET0.7 (1.1 ± 1.5) at T4 (p < 0.001). TRA showed greater demand of rescue analgesia (four animals in T4 and two in T6) (p < 0.037). There were no statistically significant differences in sedation scores, Colorado Scale scores, or interleukin levels between groups and time points. CONCLUSIONS: Methadone given as premedication in doses of 0.7 mg/kg was better at controlling pain compared with lower doses and tramadol. However, dosage increases, administered as rescue analgesia, promoted adequate pain control even in tramadol group. Influence of these analgesics on IL-6 release could not be demonstrated, but significant levels were not found.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>25193623</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12917-014-0194-7</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | analgesia Analgesics Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacology Anesthesiology Animals Anterior Cruciate Ligament - surgery Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Blood pressure blood serum Care and treatment Dogs Dogs - injuries Dogs - surgery Drug dosages Experiments Gases gender Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects heart heart rate interleukin-6 Interleukin-6 - metabolism Laboratories ligaments Medical research methadone Methadone - administration & dosage Methadone - pharmacology Pain Pain Measurement - veterinary Pain, Postoperative - prevention & control Pain, Postoperative - veterinary patients Postoperative period quality of life respiratory rate risk Rupture - surgery sedation Studies Surgery Tramadol - administration & dosage Tramadol - pharmacology Veterinary medicine |
| title | Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery |
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