Sunlight exposure, pigmentation, and incident age-related macular degeneration

Examine potential effects of sunlight exposure, hair color, eye color, and selected gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on incidence of AMD. Subjects participated in up to five examinations over a 20-year period. Eye color, self-reported hair color as a teenager, and sunlight exposure were a...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2014-09, Vol.55 (9), p.5855-5861
Hauptverfasser:	Klein, Barbara E K, Howard, Kerri P, Iyengar, Sudha K, Sivakumaran, Theru A, Meyers, Kristin J, Cruickshanks, Karen J, Klein, Ronald
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Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Complement Factor H - genetics Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Eye Color - radiation effects Female Gene-Environment Interaction Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Hair Color - radiation effects Humans Incidence Macular Degeneration - epidemiology Macular Degeneration - genetics Male Middle Aged Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Proteins - genetics Sunlight - adverse effects Wisconsin - epidemiology
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container_issue	9
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container_title	Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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creator	Klein, Barbara E K Howard, Kerri P Iyengar, Sudha K Sivakumaran, Theru A Meyers, Kristin J Cruickshanks, Karen J Klein, Ronald
description	Examine potential effects of sunlight exposure, hair color, eye color, and selected gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on incidence of AMD. Subjects participated in up to five examinations over a 20-year period. Eye color, self-reported hair color as a teenager, and sunlight exposure were ascertained at the baseline examination. Presence and severity of AMD and its lesions were determined via fundus photographs. Genetic data were available on a subset of participants. The SNPs CFH Y402H rs1061170 and ARMS2 A69S rs10490924 were used to analyze genetic risk of AMD; OCA2 rs4778241 and HERC2 rs12913832 represented genetic determinants of eye color. Incidence of early AMD was higher in blond/red-haired persons compared with brown/black-haired persons (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, P = 0.02) and in persons with high sun exposure in their thirties (HR 1.41, P = 0.02). However, neither was significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Eye (HR 1.36, P = 0.006) and hair color (HR 1.42, P = 0.003) were associated with incidence of any retinal pigmentary abnormalities (RPAs). Both remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Neither presence of alleles for light-colored eyes nor those associated with high risk of late AMD altered the association of eye or hair color with early AMD. None of the characteristics studied were significantly associated with late AMD. Modest associations of eye color, hair color, and HERC2 genotype with any RPAs were found. Genes for AMD did not affect these associations. Eye color phenotype was more strongly associated with outcomes than HERC2 or OCA2 genotype.
doi_str_mv	10.1167/iovs.14-14602
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Subjects participated in up to five examinations over a 20-year period. Eye color, self-reported hair color as a teenager, and sunlight exposure were ascertained at the baseline examination. Presence and severity of AMD and its lesions were determined via fundus photographs. Genetic data were available on a subset of participants. The SNPs CFH Y402H rs1061170 and ARMS2 A69S rs10490924 were used to analyze genetic risk of AMD; OCA2 rs4778241 and HERC2 rs12913832 represented genetic determinants of eye color. Incidence of early AMD was higher in blond/red-haired persons compared with brown/black-haired persons (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, P = 0.02) and in persons with high sun exposure in their thirties (HR 1.41, P = 0.02). However, neither was significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Eye (HR 1.36, P = 0.006) and hair color (HR 1.42, P = 0.003) were associated with incidence of any retinal pigmentary abnormalities (RPAs). Both remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Neither presence of alleles for light-colored eyes nor those associated with high risk of late AMD altered the association of eye or hair color with early AMD. None of the characteristics studied were significantly associated with late AMD. Modest associations of eye color, hair color, and HERC2 genotype with any RPAs were found. Genes for AMD did not affect these associations. Eye color phenotype was more strongly associated with outcomes than HERC2 or OCA2 genotype.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1552-5783</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0146-0404</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-5783</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14602</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25125603</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Complement Factor H - genetics ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Eye Color - radiation effects ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Hair Color - radiation effects ; Humans ; Incidence ; Macular Degeneration - epidemiology ; Macular Degeneration - genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins - genetics ; Sunlight - adverse effects ; Wisconsin - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2014-09, Vol.55 (9), p.5855-5861</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2014 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright 2014 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-9d164617fdfc570803b9e3f5a7933124c26476c6b798870fc3a585f28d6942043</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4165367/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4165367/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25125603$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Klein, Barbara E K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, Kerri P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iyengar, Sudha K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivakumaran, Theru A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyers, Kristin J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cruickshanks, Karen J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klein, Ronald</creatorcontrib><title>Sunlight exposure, pigmentation, and incident age-related macular degeneration</title><title>Investigative ophthalmology & visual science</title><addtitle>Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci</addtitle><description>Examine potential effects of sunlight exposure, hair color, eye color, and selected gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on incidence of AMD. Subjects participated in up to five examinations over a 20-year period. Eye color, self-reported hair color as a teenager, and sunlight exposure were ascertained at the baseline examination. Presence and severity of AMD and its lesions were determined via fundus photographs. Genetic data were available on a subset of participants. The SNPs CFH Y402H rs1061170 and ARMS2 A69S rs10490924 were used to analyze genetic risk of AMD; OCA2 rs4778241 and HERC2 rs12913832 represented genetic determinants of eye color. Incidence of early AMD was higher in blond/red-haired persons compared with brown/black-haired persons (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, P = 0.02) and in persons with high sun exposure in their thirties (HR 1.41, P = 0.02). However, neither was significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Eye (HR 1.36, P = 0.006) and hair color (HR 1.42, P = 0.003) were associated with incidence of any retinal pigmentary abnormalities (RPAs). Both remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Neither presence of alleles for light-colored eyes nor those associated with high risk of late AMD altered the association of eye or hair color with early AMD. None of the characteristics studied were significantly associated with late AMD. Modest associations of eye color, hair color, and HERC2 genotype with any RPAs were found. Genes for AMD did not affect these associations. Eye color phenotype was more strongly associated with outcomes than HERC2 or OCA2 genotype.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Complement Factor H - genetics</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Eye Color - radiation effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene-Environment Interaction</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Hair Color - radiation effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Macular Degeneration - epidemiology</subject><subject>Macular Degeneration - genetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Sunlight - adverse effects</subject><subject>Wisconsin - epidemiology</subject><issn>1552-5783</issn><issn>0146-0404</issn><issn>1552-5783</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkMtOwzAQRS0EoqWwZIvyAU3x-JlskFBVHlIFC2BtubaTGuUlJ6ng70lbqMpqRjN37h0dhK4BzwCEvPX1pp0Bi4EJTE7QGDgnMZcJPT3qR-iibT8xJgAEn6MR4UC4wHSMXt76qvD5uovcV1O3fXDTqPF56apOd76uppGubOQr4-0winTu4uAK3Tkbldr0hQ6RdbmrXNjJL9FZpovWXf3WCfp4WLzPn-Ll6-Pz_H4ZG5rILk4tCCZAZjYzXOIE01XqaMa1TCkFwgwRTAojVjJNEokzQzVPeEYSK1JGMKMTdLf3bfpV6awZfgu6UE3wpQ7fqtZe_d9Ufq3yeqMYCE6FHAzivYEJddsGlx1uAastWLUFq4CpHdhBf3MceFD_kaQ_-XN10w</recordid><startdate>20140901</startdate><enddate>20140901</enddate><creator>Klein, Barbara E K</creator><creator>Howard, Kerri P</creator><creator>Iyengar, Sudha K</creator><creator>Sivakumaran, Theru A</creator><creator>Meyers, Kristin J</creator><creator>Cruickshanks, Karen J</creator><creator>Klein, Ronald</creator><general>The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140901</creationdate><title>Sunlight exposure, pigmentation, and incident age-related macular degeneration</title><author>Klein, Barbara E K ; Howard, Kerri P ; Iyengar, Sudha K ; Sivakumaran, Theru A ; Meyers, Kristin J ; Cruickshanks, Karen J ; Klein, Ronald</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-9d164617fdfc570803b9e3f5a7933124c26476c6b798870fc3a585f28d6942043</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Complement Factor H - genetics</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Eye Color - radiation effects</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene-Environment Interaction</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Hair Color - radiation effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Macular Degeneration - epidemiology</topic><topic>Macular Degeneration - genetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</topic><topic>Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Sunlight - adverse effects</topic><topic>Wisconsin - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Klein, Barbara E K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, Kerri P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iyengar, Sudha K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sivakumaran, Theru A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyers, Kristin J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cruickshanks, Karen J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klein, Ronald</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Investigative ophthalmology & visual science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Klein, Barbara E K</au><au>Howard, Kerri P</au><au>Iyengar, Sudha K</au><au>Sivakumaran, Theru A</au><au>Meyers, Kristin J</au><au>Cruickshanks, Karen J</au><au>Klein, Ronald</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sunlight exposure, pigmentation, and incident age-related macular degeneration</atitle><jtitle>Investigative ophthalmology & visual science</jtitle><addtitle>Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci</addtitle><date>2014-09-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>5855</spage><epage>5861</epage><pages>5855-5861</pages><issn>1552-5783</issn><issn>0146-0404</issn><eissn>1552-5783</eissn><abstract>Examine potential effects of sunlight exposure, hair color, eye color, and selected gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on incidence of AMD. Subjects participated in up to five examinations over a 20-year period. Eye color, self-reported hair color as a teenager, and sunlight exposure were ascertained at the baseline examination. Presence and severity of AMD and its lesions were determined via fundus photographs. Genetic data were available on a subset of participants. The SNPs CFH Y402H rs1061170 and ARMS2 A69S rs10490924 were used to analyze genetic risk of AMD; OCA2 rs4778241 and HERC2 rs12913832 represented genetic determinants of eye color. Incidence of early AMD was higher in blond/red-haired persons compared with brown/black-haired persons (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, P = 0.02) and in persons with high sun exposure in their thirties (HR 1.41, P = 0.02). However, neither was significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Eye (HR 1.36, P = 0.006) and hair color (HR 1.42, P = 0.003) were associated with incidence of any retinal pigmentary abnormalities (RPAs). Both remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Neither presence of alleles for light-colored eyes nor those associated with high risk of late AMD altered the association of eye or hair color with early AMD. None of the characteristics studied were significantly associated with late AMD. Modest associations of eye color, hair color, and HERC2 genotype with any RPAs were found. Genes for AMD did not affect these associations. Eye color phenotype was more strongly associated with outcomes than HERC2 or OCA2 genotype.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology</pub><pmid>25125603</pmid><doi>10.1167/iovs.14-14602</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Complement Factor H - genetics Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Eye Color - radiation effects Female Gene-Environment Interaction Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotype Hair Color - radiation effects Humans Incidence Macular Degeneration - epidemiology Macular Degeneration - genetics Male Middle Aged Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Proteins - genetics Sunlight - adverse effects Wisconsin - epidemiology
title	Sunlight exposure, pigmentation, and incident age-related macular degeneration
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