L-Methionase: A Therapeutic Enzyme to Treat Malignancies
Cancer is an increasing cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. L-methionase has potential application against many types of cancers. L-Methionase is an intracellular enzyme in bacterial species, an extracellular enzyme in fungi, and absent in mammals. L-Methionase producing bacterial...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BioMed research international 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-13 |
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| description | Cancer is an increasing cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. L-methionase has potential application against many types of cancers. L-Methionase is an intracellular enzyme in bacterial species, an extracellular enzyme in fungi, and absent in mammals. L-Methionase producing bacterial strain(s) can be isolated by 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as a screening dye. L-Methionine plays an important role in tumour cells. These cells become methionine dependent and eventually follow apoptosis due to methionine limitation in cancer cells. L-Methionine also plays an indispensable role in gene activation and inactivation due to hypermethylation and/or hypomethylation. Membrane transporters such as GLUT1 and ion channels like Na2+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl− become overexpressed. Further, the α-subunit of ATP synthase plays a role in cancer cells growth and development by providing them enhanced nutritional requirements. Currently, selenomethionine is also used as a prodrug in cancer therapy along with enzyme methionase that converts prodrug into active toxic chemical(s) that causes death of cancerous cells/tissue. More recently, fusion protein (FP) consisting of L-methionase linked to annexin-V has been used in cancer therapy. The fusion proteins have advantage that they have specificity only for cancer cells and do not harm the normal cells. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2014/506287 |
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L-methionase has potential application against many types of cancers. L-Methionase is an intracellular enzyme in bacterial species, an extracellular enzyme in fungi, and absent in mammals. L-Methionase producing bacterial strain(s) can be isolated by 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as a screening dye. L-Methionine plays an important role in tumour cells. These cells become methionine dependent and eventually follow apoptosis due to methionine limitation in cancer cells. L-Methionine also plays an indispensable role in gene activation and inactivation due to hypermethylation and/or hypomethylation. Membrane transporters such as GLUT1 and ion channels like Na2+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl− become overexpressed. Further, the α-subunit of ATP synthase plays a role in cancer cells growth and development by providing them enhanced nutritional requirements. Currently, selenomethionine is also used as a prodrug in cancer therapy along with enzyme methionase that converts prodrug into active toxic chemical(s) that causes death of cancerous cells/tissue. More recently, fusion protein (FP) consisting of L-methionase linked to annexin-V has been used in cancer therapy. The fusion proteins have advantage that they have specificity only for cancer cells and do not harm the normal cells.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2014/506287</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25250324</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Animals ; Bacteriology ; Biopharmaceutics ; Biosynthesis ; Cancer ; Carbon-Sulfur Lyases - therapeutic use ; Cloning ; Enzymes ; Health aspects ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Methionine ; Methionine - metabolism ; Microorganisms ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods ; Molecular weight ; Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism ; Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Neoplasms - metabolism ; Polyethylene glycol ; Proteins ; Review</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-13</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 Bhupender Sharma et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Bhupender Sharma et al. Bhupender Sharma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Bhupender Sharma et al. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-f38a369707ddda8bd8388c786861e83391b84f0561c918fa4dc7b1905b45c7c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-f38a369707ddda8bd8388c786861e83391b84f0561c918fa4dc7b1905b45c7c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4164312/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4164312/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25250324$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Hmidet, Noomen</contributor><creatorcontrib>Sharma, Bhupender</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanwar, Shamsher Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Sukhdev</creatorcontrib><title>L-Methionase: A Therapeutic Enzyme to Treat Malignancies</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>Cancer is an increasing cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. L-methionase has potential application against many types of cancers. L-Methionase is an intracellular enzyme in bacterial species, an extracellular enzyme in fungi, and absent in mammals. L-Methionase producing bacterial strain(s) can be isolated by 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as a screening dye. L-Methionine plays an important role in tumour cells. These cells become methionine dependent and eventually follow apoptosis due to methionine limitation in cancer cells. L-Methionine also plays an indispensable role in gene activation and inactivation due to hypermethylation and/or hypomethylation. Membrane transporters such as GLUT1 and ion channels like Na2+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl− become overexpressed. Further, the α-subunit of ATP synthase plays a role in cancer cells growth and development by providing them enhanced nutritional requirements. Currently, selenomethionine is also used as a prodrug in cancer therapy along with enzyme methionase that converts prodrug into active toxic chemical(s) that causes death of cancerous cells/tissue. More recently, fusion protein (FP) consisting of L-methionase linked to annexin-V has been used in cancer therapy. The fusion proteins have advantage that they have specificity only for cancer cells and do not harm the normal cells.</description><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteriology</subject><subject>Biopharmaceutics</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Carbon-Sulfur Lyases - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Homocysteine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Methionine</subject><subject>Methionine - metabolism</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Polyethylene 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| subjects | Amino acids Animals Bacteriology Biopharmaceutics Biosynthesis Cancer Carbon-Sulfur Lyases - therapeutic use Cloning Enzymes Health aspects Homocysteine Humans Medical research Medicine, Experimental Methionine Methionine - metabolism Microorganisms Models, Biological Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods Molecular weight Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism Neoplasms - drug therapy Neoplasms - metabolism Polyethylene glycol Proteins Review |
| title | L-Methionase: A Therapeutic Enzyme to Treat Malignancies |
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