Propofol Protects the Immature Rabbit Heart against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: Impact on Functional Recovery and Histopathological Changes
The general anesthetic propofol protects the adult heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury; however, its efficacy has not been investigated in the immature heart. This work, for the first time, investigates the cardioprotective efficacy of propofol at clinically relevant concentrations in the...
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| description | The general anesthetic propofol protects the adult heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury; however, its efficacy has not been investigated in the immature heart. This work, for the first time, investigates the cardioprotective efficacy of propofol at clinically relevant concentrations in the immature heart. Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts (7–12 days old) were exposed to 30 minutes’ global normothermic ischemia followed by 40 minutes’ reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and coronary flow were monitored throughout. Lactate release into coronary effluent was measured during reperfusion. Microscopic examinations of the myocardium were monitored at the end of reperfusion. Hearts were perfused with different propofol concentrations (1, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL) or with cyclosporine A, prior to ischemic arrest and for 20 minutes during reperfusion. Propofol at 4 and 10 μg/mL caused a significant depression in LVDP prior to ischemia. Propofol at 2 μg/mL conferred significant and maximal protection with no protection at 10 μg/mL. This protection was associated with improved recovery in coronary flow, reduced lactate release, and preservation of cardiomyocyte ultrastructure. The efficacy of propofol at 2 μg/mL was similar to the effect of cyclosporine A. In conclusion, propofol at a clinically relevant concentration is cardioprotective in the immature heart. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2014/601250 |
| format | Article |
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This work, for the first time, investigates the cardioprotective efficacy of propofol at clinically relevant concentrations in the immature heart. Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts (7–12 days old) were exposed to 30 minutes’ global normothermic ischemia followed by 40 minutes’ reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and coronary flow were monitored throughout. Lactate release into coronary effluent was measured during reperfusion. Microscopic examinations of the myocardium were monitored at the end of reperfusion. Hearts were perfused with different propofol concentrations (1, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL) or with cyclosporine A, prior to ischemic arrest and for 20 minutes during reperfusion. Propofol at 4 and 10 μg/mL caused a significant depression in LVDP prior to ischemia. Propofol at 2 μg/mL conferred significant and maximal protection with no protection at 10 μg/mL. This protection was associated with improved recovery in coronary flow, reduced lactate release, and preservation of cardiomyocyte ultrastructure. The efficacy of propofol at 2 μg/mL was similar to the effect of cyclosporine A. In conclusion, propofol at a clinically relevant concentration is cardioprotective in the immature heart.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2014/601250</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25243155</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biomedical research ; Cardiomyocytes ; Cyclosporine - pharmacology ; Free radicals ; Health aspects ; Heart ; Heart - drug effects ; Heart surgery ; Hemodynamics - drug effects ; Ischemia ; Laboratory animals ; Lactic Acid - analysis ; Lactic Acid - metabolism ; Medical research ; Medical schools ; Mitochondria ; Myocardium - pathology ; Prevention ; Propofol ; Propofol - pharmacology ; Propofol - therapeutic use ; Protective Agents - pharmacology ; Protective Agents - therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion injury ; Reperfusion Injury - drug therapy ; Reperfusion Injury - pathology ; Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control ; Rodents ; Studies</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-9</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 Makoto Shirakawa et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Makoto Shirakawa et al. Makoto Shirakawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Makoto Shirakawa et al. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-efe99a272ab91876cb458177956b509fa547a86893c43c7adc497c981a6901be3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-efe99a272ab91876cb458177956b509fa547a86893c43c7adc497c981a6901be3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163471/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163471/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243155$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Suleiman, M.-Saadeh</contributor><creatorcontrib>Shirakawa, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nitta, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imura, H.</creatorcontrib><title>Propofol Protects the Immature Rabbit Heart against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: Impact on Functional Recovery and Histopathological Changes</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>The general anesthetic propofol protects the adult heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury; however, its efficacy has not been investigated in the immature heart. This work, for the first time, investigates the cardioprotective efficacy of propofol at clinically relevant concentrations in the immature heart. Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts (7–12 days old) were exposed to 30 minutes’ global normothermic ischemia followed by 40 minutes’ reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and coronary flow were monitored throughout. Lactate release into coronary effluent was measured during reperfusion. Microscopic examinations of the myocardium were monitored at the end of reperfusion. Hearts were perfused with different propofol concentrations (1, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL) or with cyclosporine A, prior to ischemic arrest and for 20 minutes during reperfusion. Propofol at 4 and 10 μg/mL caused a significant depression in LVDP prior to ischemia. Propofol at 2 μg/mL conferred significant and maximal protection with no protection at 10 μg/mL. This protection was associated with improved recovery in coronary flow, reduced lactate release, and preservation of cardiomyocyte ultrastructure. The efficacy of propofol at 2 μg/mL was similar to the effect of cyclosporine A. In conclusion, propofol at a clinically relevant concentration is cardioprotective in the immature heart.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomedical research</subject><subject>Cardiomyocytes</subject><subject>Cyclosporine - pharmacology</subject><subject>Free radicals</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart - drug effects</subject><subject>Heart surgery</subject><subject>Hemodynamics - drug effects</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Lactic Acid - analysis</subject><subject>Lactic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical schools</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Myocardium - pathology</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Propofol</subject><subject>Propofol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Propofol - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Protective Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Protective Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Reperfusion injury</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - drug therapy</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - pathology</subject><subject>Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNksFrFDEUxgdRbKk9eZeAF7GsTTJJZuKhUJbWXSgoRc_hTTazk2UmGZNMZf8L_2Szu3WpXjSXPPJ-7yPf4yuK1wR_IITzS4oJuxSYUI6fFae0JGwmCCPPj3VZnhTnMW5wPjURWIqXxQnllJV5_LT4-SX40be-R7lIRqeIUmfQchggTcGge2gam9DCQEgI1mBdTGgZdWcGCwjcCt2b0YR2itY7tHSbKWw_5vERdEL55XZyOuUW9BnU_sGE7X5qYWPyI6TO935tdW7PO3BrE18VL1roozl_vM-Kb7c3X-eL2d3nT8v59d1Mc1qnmWmNlEArCo0kdSV0w3hNqkpy0XAsW-CsglrUstSs1BWsNJOVljUBITFpTHlWXB10x6kZzEoblwL0agx2gLBVHqz6s-Nsp9b-QTEiSlaRLPDuUSD475OJSQ02atP34IyfoiKC1IQTifG_US5ETUvGd-jbv9CNn0Je357CO0fZ05FaQ2-Uda3PX9Q7UXXNaIVpWRGeqYsDpYOPMZj26I5gtUuP2qVHHdKT6TdPF3Jkf2clA-8PQGfdCn7Y_1MzGTEtPIH3PstfktTV0g</recordid><startdate>20140101</startdate><enddate>20140101</enddate><creator>Shirakawa, Makoto</creator><creator>Nitta, Takashi</creator><creator>Imura, H.</creator><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140101</creationdate><title>Propofol Protects the Immature Rabbit Heart against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: Impact on Functional Recovery and Histopathological Changes</title><author>Shirakawa, Makoto ; Nitta, Takashi ; Imura, H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c528t-efe99a272ab91876cb458177956b509fa547a86893c43c7adc497c981a6901be3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomedical research</topic><topic>Cardiomyocytes</topic><topic>Cyclosporine - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shirakawa, Makoto</au><au>Nitta, Takashi</au><au>Imura, H.</au><au>Suleiman, M.-Saadeh</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Propofol Protects the Immature Rabbit Heart against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: Impact on Functional Recovery and Histopathological Changes</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2014-01-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>2014</volume><issue>2014</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>9</epage><pages>1-9</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>The general anesthetic propofol protects the adult heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury; however, its efficacy has not been investigated in the immature heart. This work, for the first time, investigates the cardioprotective efficacy of propofol at clinically relevant concentrations in the immature heart. Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts (7–12 days old) were exposed to 30 minutes’ global normothermic ischemia followed by 40 minutes’ reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and coronary flow were monitored throughout. Lactate release into coronary effluent was measured during reperfusion. Microscopic examinations of the myocardium were monitored at the end of reperfusion. Hearts were perfused with different propofol concentrations (1, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL) or with cyclosporine A, prior to ischemic arrest and for 20 minutes during reperfusion. Propofol at 4 and 10 μg/mL caused a significant depression in LVDP prior to ischemia. Propofol at 2 μg/mL conferred significant and maximal protection with no protection at 10 μg/mL. This protection was associated with improved recovery in coronary flow, reduced lactate release, and preservation of cardiomyocyte ultrastructure. The efficacy of propofol at 2 μg/mL was similar to the effect of cyclosporine A. In conclusion, propofol at a clinically relevant concentration is cardioprotective in the immature heart.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>25243155</pmid><doi>10.1155/2014/601250</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biomedical research Cardiomyocytes Cyclosporine - pharmacology Free radicals Health aspects Heart Heart - drug effects Heart surgery Hemodynamics - drug effects Ischemia Laboratory animals Lactic Acid - analysis Lactic Acid - metabolism Medical research Medical schools Mitochondria Myocardium - pathology Prevention Propofol Propofol - pharmacology Propofol - therapeutic use Protective Agents - pharmacology Protective Agents - therapeutic use Rabbits Reperfusion injury Reperfusion Injury - drug therapy Reperfusion Injury - pathology Reperfusion Injury - prevention & control Rodents Studies |
| title | Propofol Protects the Immature Rabbit Heart against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: Impact on Functional Recovery and Histopathological Changes |
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