Mechanistic studies of anti-hyperpigmentary compounds: elucidating their inhibitory and regulatory actions
Searching for depigmenting agents from natural sources has become a new direction in the cosmetic industry as natural products are generally perceived as relatively safer. In our previous study, selected Chinese medicines traditionally used to treat hyperpigmentation were tested for anti-hyperpigmen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2014-08, Vol.15 (8), p.14649-14668 |
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| creator | Lam, Rosanna Y Y Lin, Zhi-Xiu Sviderskaya, Elena V Cheng, Christopher H K |
| description | Searching for depigmenting agents from natural sources has become a new direction in the cosmetic industry as natural products are generally perceived as relatively safer. In our previous study, selected Chinese medicines traditionally used to treat hyperpigmentation were tested for anti-hyperpigmentary effects using a melan-a cell culture model. Among the tested chemical compounds, 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol were found to possess hypopigmentary effects. Western blot analysis, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay, protein kinase A (PKA) activity assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay were performed to reveal the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the hypopigmentary effects. 4-Ethylresorcinol and 4-ethylphenol attenuated mRNA and protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, and possessed antioxidative effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 1-Tetradecanol was able to attenuate protein expression of tyrosinase. The hypopigmentary actions of 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol were associated with regulating downstream proteins along the PKA pathway. 4-Ethylresorcinol was more effective in inhibiting melanin synthesis when compared to 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms150814649 |
| format | Article |
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In our previous study, selected Chinese medicines traditionally used to treat hyperpigmentation were tested for anti-hyperpigmentary effects using a melan-a cell culture model. Among the tested chemical compounds, 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol were found to possess hypopigmentary effects. Western blot analysis, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay, protein kinase A (PKA) activity assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay were performed to reveal the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the hypopigmentary effects. 4-Ethylresorcinol and 4-ethylphenol attenuated mRNA and protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, and possessed antioxidative effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 1-Tetradecanol was able to attenuate protein expression of tyrosinase. The hypopigmentary actions of 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol were associated with regulating downstream proteins along the PKA pathway. 4-Ethylresorcinol was more effective in inhibiting melanin synthesis when compared to 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814649</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25196602</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biochemistry ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Chemical compounds ; Cyclic AMP - metabolism ; Hyperpigmentation - genetics ; Hyperpigmentation - metabolism ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - genetics ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects ; Mice ; Monophenol Monooxygenase - genetics ; Monophenol Monooxygenase - metabolism ; Phenols - pharmacology ; Pigments ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2014-08, Vol.15 (8), p.14649-14668</ispartof><rights>Copyright MDPI AG 2014</rights><rights>2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-10bfced21a0f7af8343c5f0fb97b19cfce7ac3ce486806a0799767c980127a9f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-10bfced21a0f7af8343c5f0fb97b19cfce7ac3ce486806a0799767c980127a9f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159873/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159873/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25196602$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lam, Rosanna Y Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Zhi-Xiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sviderskaya, Elena V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Christopher H K</creatorcontrib><title>Mechanistic studies of anti-hyperpigmentary compounds: elucidating their inhibitory and regulatory actions</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>Searching for depigmenting agents from natural sources has become a new direction in the cosmetic industry as natural products are generally perceived as relatively safer. In our previous study, selected Chinese medicines traditionally used to treat hyperpigmentation were tested for anti-hyperpigmentary effects using a melan-a cell culture model. Among the tested chemical compounds, 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol were found to possess hypopigmentary effects. Western blot analysis, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay, protein kinase A (PKA) activity assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay were performed to reveal the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the hypopigmentary effects. 4-Ethylresorcinol and 4-ethylphenol attenuated mRNA and protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, and possessed antioxidative effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 1-Tetradecanol was able to attenuate protein expression of tyrosinase. The hypopigmentary actions of 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol were associated with regulating downstream proteins along the PKA pathway. 4-Ethylresorcinol was more effective in inhibiting melanin synthesis when compared to 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Blotting, Western</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Chemical compounds</subject><subject>Cyclic AMP - metabolism</subject><subject>Hyperpigmentation - genetics</subject><subject>Hyperpigmentation - metabolism</subject><subject>Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - genetics</subject><subject>Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - metabolism</subject><subject>Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Monophenol Monooxygenase - genetics</subject><subject>Monophenol Monooxygenase - metabolism</subject><subject>Phenols - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pigments</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc2L1jAQxoMo7rp69CoFL16qk6RNGg-CLH7Bihc9hzRN3s5Lm9QkFfa_N_quy66nmWF-PDMPDyHPKbzmXMEbPK6Z9jDQTnTqATmnHWMtgJAP7_Rn5EnORwDGWa8ekzPWUyUEsHNy_OrsbALmgrbJZZ_Q5Sb6xoSC7Xy9ubThYXWhmHTd2LhucQ9Tftu4Zbc4mYLh0JTZYWowzDhiiZUzYWqSO-yLOY22YAz5KXnkzZLds5t6QX58_PD98nN79e3Tl8v3V63taF9aCqO3bmLUgJfGD7zjtvfgRyVHqmzdSWO5dd0gBhAGpFJSSKsGoEwa5fkFeXfS3fZxdZOtzyez6C3hWk3oaFDf3wSc9SH-0vW8GiSvAq9uBFL8ubtc9IrZumUxwcU9a9oLClwwkBV9-R96jHsK1d5fauCcQ1ep9kTZFHNOzt8-Q0H_SVHfS7HyL-46uKX_xcZ_A8k3nBs</recordid><startdate>20140821</startdate><enddate>20140821</enddate><creator>Lam, Rosanna Y Y</creator><creator>Lin, Zhi-Xiu</creator><creator>Sviderskaya, Elena V</creator><creator>Cheng, Christopher H K</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140821</creationdate><title>Mechanistic studies of anti-hyperpigmentary compounds: elucidating their inhibitory and regulatory actions</title><author>Lam, Rosanna Y Y ; Lin, Zhi-Xiu ; Sviderskaya, Elena V ; Cheng, Christopher H K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-10bfced21a0f7af8343c5f0fb97b19cfce7ac3ce486806a0799767c980127a9f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Blotting, Western</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Chemical compounds</topic><topic>Cyclic AMP - metabolism</topic><topic>Hyperpigmentation - genetics</topic><topic>Hyperpigmentation - metabolism</topic><topic>Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - genetics</topic><topic>Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - metabolism</topic><topic>Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Monophenol Monooxygenase - genetics</topic><topic>Monophenol Monooxygenase - metabolism</topic><topic>Phenols - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pigments</topic><topic>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lam, Rosanna Y Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Zhi-Xiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sviderskaya, Elena V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Christopher H K</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lam, Rosanna Y Y</au><au>Lin, Zhi-Xiu</au><au>Sviderskaya, Elena V</au><au>Cheng, Christopher H K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mechanistic studies of anti-hyperpigmentary compounds: elucidating their inhibitory and regulatory actions</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><date>2014-08-21</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>14649</spage><epage>14668</epage><pages>14649-14668</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>Searching for depigmenting agents from natural sources has become a new direction in the cosmetic industry as natural products are generally perceived as relatively safer. In our previous study, selected Chinese medicines traditionally used to treat hyperpigmentation were tested for anti-hyperpigmentary effects using a melan-a cell culture model. Among the tested chemical compounds, 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol were found to possess hypopigmentary effects. Western blot analysis, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay, protein kinase A (PKA) activity assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay were performed to reveal the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the hypopigmentary effects. 4-Ethylresorcinol and 4-ethylphenol attenuated mRNA and protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, and possessed antioxidative effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. 1-Tetradecanol was able to attenuate protein expression of tyrosinase. The hypopigmentary actions of 4-ethylresorcinol, 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol were associated with regulating downstream proteins along the PKA pathway. 4-Ethylresorcinol was more effective in inhibiting melanin synthesis when compared to 4-ethylphenol and 1-tetradecanol.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>25196602</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms150814649</doi><tpages>20</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animals Biochemistry Blotting, Western Cell Line Chemical compounds Cyclic AMP - metabolism Hyperpigmentation - genetics Hyperpigmentation - metabolism Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - genetics Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - metabolism Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects Mice Monophenol Monooxygenase - genetics Monophenol Monooxygenase - metabolism Phenols - pharmacology Pigments Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| title | Mechanistic studies of anti-hyperpigmentary compounds: elucidating their inhibitory and regulatory actions |
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