Psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR₁₆) questionnaire in patients with schizophrenia
Self-report instruments for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders are scarce. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR16) may be a useful self-report instrument, but has received little attention in this field. This paper aimed to test the psychometric...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | BMC psychiatry 2014-09, Vol.14 (1), p.247-247, Article 247 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 247 |
---|---|
container_issue | 1 |
container_start_page | 247 |
container_title | BMC psychiatry |
container_volume | 14 |
creator | Lako, Irene M Wigman, Johanna T W Klaassen, Rianne M C Slooff, Cees J Taxis, Katja Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A |
description | Self-report instruments for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders are scarce. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR16) may be a useful self-report instrument, but has received little attention in this field. This paper aimed to test the psychometric properties of the QIDS-SR16 questionnaire in patients with a psychotic disorder.
Patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder from health care institutions in The Netherlands were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the QIDS-SR16 and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) with three EPS rating scales. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to compare the total score of the QIDS-SR16 with the total scores of the CDSS, PANSS-subscales and EPS rating scales.
In a sample of 621 patients with psychotic disorders, the QIDS-SR16 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.87). The QIDS-SR16 correlated moderately with the CDSS (r = 0.44) and the PANSS subscale for emotional distress (r = 0.47). The QIDS-SR16 showed weak correlation with the PANSS subscale for negative symptoms (r = 0.28) and minimal correlation with EPS rating scales (r = 0.09-0.16).
The QIDS-SR16 may reliably assess depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but its concurrent validity with the CDSS was rather poor in this population. We would recommend developing a new self-report questionnaire for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s12888-014-0247-2 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4159524</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A539696304</galeid><sourcerecordid>A539696304</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-19cf536afc9876e25a1d1e5a08b9fd9eea5cbd524878c02ef55b7711fe06bf7a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNUstu1TAQjRCIlsIHsEGW2JRFiu3EcbJBqloeV6oE5YLEznKcceOS2KmdXHTZ0QV_wc_1S3B629IiFsgLj2bOnDkenyR5SvAeIWXxMhBalmWKSZ5imvOU3ku2Sc5JSvP8y_1b8VbyKIRTjAkvGXmYbFEWo4zg7eTXh7BWreth9EahwbsB_GggIKfR2AIK0OnUw-D8iFbgg3H2unQ8GfUVLewK7Oj8ek4fwuAhBLMCtFz3w-j6gHaPF4fLdPnx4vzHxfnPF-hsgjBGGiuNB2QsGmQcaMeAvpmxRUG15rsbWg_WyMfJAy27AE-u7p3k85vXnw7epUfv3y4O9o9SxSgfU1IpzbJCalWVvADKJGkIMInLutJNBSCZqhtG85KXClPQjNWcE6IBF7XmMttJXm14h6nuoVFRjpedGLzppV8LJ424W7GmFSduJXLCqsgbCXavCLy7fKDoTVDQddKCm4IgrCjKrMgx_R8oqQqe0Rn6_C_oqZu8jZu4RBEWf5P_QZ3IDoSx2kWJaiYV-yyriqrI8Kxw7x-oeBrojXIWtIn5Ow1k06C8C8GDvlkHwWK2n9jYT0T7idl-Yhb87PYebzqu_Zb9BvLn2g4</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1561158517</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR₁₆) questionnaire in patients with schizophrenia</title><source>SpringerOpen</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Lako, Irene M ; Wigman, Johanna T W ; Klaassen, Rianne M C ; Slooff, Cees J ; Taxis, Katja ; Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A</creator><creatorcontrib>Lako, Irene M ; Wigman, Johanna T W ; Klaassen, Rianne M C ; Slooff, Cees J ; Taxis, Katja ; Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A ; GROUP investigators</creatorcontrib><description>Self-report instruments for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders are scarce. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR16) may be a useful self-report instrument, but has received little attention in this field. This paper aimed to test the psychometric properties of the QIDS-SR16 questionnaire in patients with a psychotic disorder.
Patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder from health care institutions in The Netherlands were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the QIDS-SR16 and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) with three EPS rating scales. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to compare the total score of the QIDS-SR16 with the total scores of the CDSS, PANSS-subscales and EPS rating scales.
In a sample of 621 patients with psychotic disorders, the QIDS-SR16 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.87). The QIDS-SR16 correlated moderately with the CDSS (r = 0.44) and the PANSS subscale for emotional distress (r = 0.47). The QIDS-SR16 showed weak correlation with the PANSS subscale for negative symptoms (r = 0.28) and minimal correlation with EPS rating scales (r = 0.09-0.16).
The QIDS-SR16 may reliably assess depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but its concurrent validity with the CDSS was rather poor in this population. We would recommend developing a new self-report questionnaire for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-244X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-244X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0247-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25178310</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis ; Care and treatment ; Depression - diagnosis ; Depression, Mental ; Female ; Health aspects ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Middle Aged ; Netherlands ; Older people ; Personality Inventory ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - statistics & numerical data ; Psychiatry ; Psychometrics ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Self Report ; Studies ; Surveys ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>BMC psychiatry, 2014-09, Vol.14 (1), p.247-247, Article 247</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2014 Lako et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.</rights><rights>Lako et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-19cf536afc9876e25a1d1e5a08b9fd9eea5cbd524878c02ef55b7711fe06bf7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-19cf536afc9876e25a1d1e5a08b9fd9eea5cbd524878c02ef55b7711fe06bf7a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159524/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159524/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27915,27916,53782,53784</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25178310$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lako, Irene M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wigman, Johanna T W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klaassen, Rianne M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slooff, Cees J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taxis, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GROUP investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR₁₆) questionnaire in patients with schizophrenia</title><title>BMC psychiatry</title><addtitle>BMC Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Self-report instruments for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders are scarce. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR16) may be a useful self-report instrument, but has received little attention in this field. This paper aimed to test the psychometric properties of the QIDS-SR16 questionnaire in patients with a psychotic disorder.
Patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder from health care institutions in The Netherlands were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the QIDS-SR16 and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) with three EPS rating scales. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to compare the total score of the QIDS-SR16 with the total scores of the CDSS, PANSS-subscales and EPS rating scales.
In a sample of 621 patients with psychotic disorders, the QIDS-SR16 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.87). The QIDS-SR16 correlated moderately with the CDSS (r = 0.44) and the PANSS subscale for emotional distress (r = 0.47). The QIDS-SR16 showed weak correlation with the PANSS subscale for negative symptoms (r = 0.28) and minimal correlation with EPS rating scales (r = 0.09-0.16).
The QIDS-SR16 may reliably assess depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but its concurrent validity with the CDSS was rather poor in this population. We would recommend developing a new self-report questionnaire for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Depression - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depression, Mental</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Netherlands</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Personality Inventory</subject><subject>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenic Psychology</subject><subject>Self Report</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1471-244X</issn><issn>1471-244X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUstu1TAQjRCIlsIHsEGW2JRFiu3EcbJBqloeV6oE5YLEznKcceOS2KmdXHTZ0QV_wc_1S3B629IiFsgLj2bOnDkenyR5SvAeIWXxMhBalmWKSZ5imvOU3ku2Sc5JSvP8y_1b8VbyKIRTjAkvGXmYbFEWo4zg7eTXh7BWreth9EahwbsB_GggIKfR2AIK0OnUw-D8iFbgg3H2unQ8GfUVLewK7Oj8ek4fwuAhBLMCtFz3w-j6gHaPF4fLdPnx4vzHxfnPF-hsgjBGGiuNB2QsGmQcaMeAvpmxRUG15rsbWg_WyMfJAy27AE-u7p3k85vXnw7epUfv3y4O9o9SxSgfU1IpzbJCalWVvADKJGkIMInLutJNBSCZqhtG85KXClPQjNWcE6IBF7XmMttJXm14h6nuoVFRjpedGLzppV8LJ424W7GmFSduJXLCqsgbCXavCLy7fKDoTVDQddKCm4IgrCjKrMgx_R8oqQqe0Rn6_C_oqZu8jZu4RBEWf5P_QZ3IDoSx2kWJaiYV-yyriqrI8Kxw7x-oeBrojXIWtIn5Ow1k06C8C8GDvlkHwWK2n9jYT0T7idl-Yhb87PYebzqu_Zb9BvLn2g4</recordid><startdate>20140903</startdate><enddate>20140903</enddate><creator>Lako, Irene M</creator><creator>Wigman, Johanna T W</creator><creator>Klaassen, Rianne M C</creator><creator>Slooff, Cees J</creator><creator>Taxis, Katja</creator><creator>Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140903</creationdate><title>Psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR₁₆) questionnaire in patients with schizophrenia</title><author>Lako, Irene M ; Wigman, Johanna T W ; Klaassen, Rianne M C ; Slooff, Cees J ; Taxis, Katja ; Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c527t-19cf536afc9876e25a1d1e5a08b9fd9eea5cbd524878c02ef55b7711fe06bf7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Depression - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depression, Mental</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Netherlands</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Personality Inventory</topic><topic>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Schizophrenia</topic><topic>Schizophrenic Psychology</topic><topic>Self Report</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lako, Irene M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wigman, Johanna T W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klaassen, Rianne M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Slooff, Cees J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taxis, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>GROUP investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Psychology Journals (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMC psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lako, Irene M</au><au>Wigman, Johanna T W</au><au>Klaassen, Rianne M C</au><au>Slooff, Cees J</au><au>Taxis, Katja</au><au>Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A</au><aucorp>GROUP investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR₁₆) questionnaire in patients with schizophrenia</atitle><jtitle>BMC psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2014-09-03</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>247</spage><epage>247</epage><pages>247-247</pages><artnum>247</artnum><issn>1471-244X</issn><eissn>1471-244X</eissn><abstract>Self-report instruments for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders are scarce. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR16) may be a useful self-report instrument, but has received little attention in this field. This paper aimed to test the psychometric properties of the QIDS-SR16 questionnaire in patients with a psychotic disorder.
Patients diagnosed with a psychotic disorder from health care institutions in The Netherlands were included in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the QIDS-SR16 and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) with three EPS rating scales. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to compare the total score of the QIDS-SR16 with the total scores of the CDSS, PANSS-subscales and EPS rating scales.
In a sample of 621 patients with psychotic disorders, the QIDS-SR16 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.87). The QIDS-SR16 correlated moderately with the CDSS (r = 0.44) and the PANSS subscale for emotional distress (r = 0.47). The QIDS-SR16 showed weak correlation with the PANSS subscale for negative symptoms (r = 0.28) and minimal correlation with EPS rating scales (r = 0.09-0.16).
The QIDS-SR16 may reliably assess depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders, but its concurrent validity with the CDSS was rather poor in this population. We would recommend developing a new self-report questionnaire for the assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>25178310</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12888-014-0247-2</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1471-244X |
ispartof | BMC psychiatry, 2014-09, Vol.14 (1), p.247-247, Article 247 |
issn | 1471-244X 1471-244X |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4159524 |
source | SpringerOpen; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central; EZB Electronic Journals Library; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings; PubMed Central Open Access |
subjects | Adolescent Adult Analysis Care and treatment Depression - diagnosis Depression, Mental Female Health aspects Hospitals Humans Male Medical research Medicine, Experimental Middle Aged Netherlands Older people Personality Inventory Psychiatric Status Rating Scales - statistics & numerical data Psychiatry Psychometrics Schizophrenia Schizophrenic Psychology Self Report Studies Surveys Young Adult |
title | Psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR₁₆) questionnaire in patients with schizophrenia |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T19%3A50%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Psychometric%20properties%20of%20the%20self-report%20version%20of%20the%20Quick%20Inventory%20of%20Depressive%20Symptoms%20(QIDS-SR%E2%82%81%E2%82%86)%20questionnaire%20in%20patients%20with%20schizophrenia&rft.jtitle=BMC%20psychiatry&rft.au=Lako,%20Irene%20M&rft.aucorp=GROUP%20investigators&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=247&rft.epage=247&rft.pages=247-247&rft.artnum=247&rft.issn=1471-244X&rft.eissn=1471-244X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186/s12888-014-0247-2&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA539696304%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1561158517&rft_id=info:pmid/25178310&rft_galeid=A539696304&rfr_iscdi=true |