Evaluation of the Effect of Andrographolide on Atherosclerotic Rabbits Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated significant associations between atherosclerosis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We had investigated the effect of andrographolide (AND) on atherosclerosis induced by Pg in rabbits. For experimental purpose, we separated thirty male white New Zealand rabbit...
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| description | Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated significant associations between atherosclerosis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We had investigated the effect of andrographolide (AND) on atherosclerosis induced by Pg in rabbits. For experimental purpose, we separated thirty male white New Zealand rabbits into 5 groups. Group 1 received standard food pellets; Groups 2–5 were orally challenged with Pg; Group 3 received atorvastatin (AV, 5 mg/kg), and Groups 4-5 received 10 and 20 mg/kg of AND, respectively, over 12 weeks. Groups treated with AND showed significant decrease in TC, TG, and LDL levels (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2014/724718 |
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Jamil ; Hussain, Saba F. ; Mulok, Tengku Z.</creator><contributor>Kotani, Kazuhiko</contributor><creatorcontrib>al-Batran, Rami ; al-Bayaty, Fouad ; al-Obaidi, Mazen M. Jamil ; Hussain, Saba F. ; Mulok, Tengku Z. ; Kotani, Kazuhiko</creatorcontrib><description>Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated significant associations between atherosclerosis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We had investigated the effect of andrographolide (AND) on atherosclerosis induced by Pg in rabbits. For experimental purpose, we separated thirty male white New Zealand rabbits into 5 groups. Group 1 received standard food pellets; Groups 2–5 were orally challenged with Pg; Group 3 received atorvastatin (AV, 5 mg/kg), and Groups 4-5 received 10 and 20 mg/kg of AND, respectively, over 12 weeks. Groups treated with AND showed significant decrease in TC, TG, and LDL levels (P<0.05) and significant increase in HDL level in the serum of rabbits. Furthermore, the treated groups (G3–G5) exhibited reductions in interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as compared to atherogenicgroup (G2). The histological results showed that the thickening of atherosclerotic plaques were less significant in treated groups (G3–G5) compared with atherogenicgroup (G2). Also, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining decreased within the plaques of atherogenicgroup (G2), while it was increased in treated groups (G3–G5). Lastly, groups treated with AV and AND (G3–G5) showed significant reduction of CD36 expression (P<0.05) compared to atherogenicgroup (G2). These results substantially proved that AND contain antiatherogenic activity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2014/724718</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25215291</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - toxicity ; Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage ; Anticholesteremic Agents - pharmacology ; Anticholesteremic Agents - toxicity ; Atherosclerosis ; Atherosclerosis - metabolism ; Atherosclerosis - microbiology ; Atherosclerosis - pathology ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Bacteroidaceae Infections - metabolism ; Bacteroidaceae Infections - microbiology ; Bacteroidaceae Infections - pathology ; C-Reactive Protein - analysis ; Cardiovascular disease ; Chemokines ; Cholesterol ; Cytokines - blood ; Dentistry ; Diterpenes - administration & dosage ; Diterpenes - pharmacology ; Diterpenes - toxicity ; Experiments ; Female ; Heart ; Heptanoic Acids - administration & dosage ; Heptanoic Acids - pharmacology ; Heptanoic Acids - toxicity ; Laboratories ; Lipids - blood ; Male ; Medical research ; Mortality ; Muscle, Smooth - drug effects ; Periodontal disease ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Pyrroles - administration & dosage ; Pyrroles - pharmacology ; Pyrroles - toxicity ; Rabbits ; Signal transduction ; Smooth muscle ; Studies ; Tunica Intima - drug effects</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2014-01, Vol.2014 (2014), p.1-11</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 Rami Al Batran et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Rami Al Batran et al. Rami Al Batran et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Rami Al Batran et al. 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-69bd41d9101f60ded57f709691f8343d15101226a8bc3e0d37b944fc735c70d03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-69bd41d9101f60ded57f709691f8343d15101226a8bc3e0d37b944fc735c70d03</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5412-3346</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4151849/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4151849/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25215291$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Kotani, Kazuhiko</contributor><creatorcontrib>al-Batran, Rami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>al-Bayaty, Fouad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>al-Obaidi, Mazen M. Jamil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussain, Saba F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mulok, Tengku Z.</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of the Effect of Andrographolide on Atherosclerotic Rabbits Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated significant associations between atherosclerosis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We had investigated the effect of andrographolide (AND) on atherosclerosis induced by Pg in rabbits. For experimental purpose, we separated thirty male white New Zealand rabbits into 5 groups. Group 1 received standard food pellets; Groups 2–5 were orally challenged with Pg; Group 3 received atorvastatin (AV, 5 mg/kg), and Groups 4-5 received 10 and 20 mg/kg of AND, respectively, over 12 weeks. Groups treated with AND showed significant decrease in TC, TG, and LDL levels (P<0.05) and significant increase in HDL level in the serum of rabbits. Furthermore, the treated groups (G3–G5) exhibited reductions in interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as compared to atherogenicgroup (G2). The histological results showed that the thickening of atherosclerotic plaques were less significant in treated groups (G3–G5) compared with atherogenicgroup (G2). Also, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining decreased within the plaques of atherogenicgroup (G2), while it was increased in treated groups (G3–G5). Lastly, groups treated with AV and AND (G3–G5) showed significant reduction of CD36 expression (P<0.05) compared to atherogenicgroup (G2). These results substantially proved that AND contain antiatherogenic activity.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - toxicity</subject><subject>Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anticholesteremic Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Anticholesteremic Agents - toxicity</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - metabolism</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - microbiology</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - pathology</subject><subject>Atorvastatin Calcium</subject><subject>Bacteroidaceae Infections - metabolism</subject><subject>Bacteroidaceae Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Bacteroidaceae Infections - pathology</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - analysis</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Chemokines</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cytokines - blood</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Diterpenes - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Diterpenes - pharmacology</subject><subject>Diterpenes - toxicity</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heptanoic Acids - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Heptanoic Acids - pharmacology</subject><subject>Heptanoic Acids - toxicity</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lipids - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Muscle, Smooth - drug effects</subject><subject>Periodontal disease</subject><subject>Porphyromonas gingivalis</subject><subject>Pyrroles - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Pyrroles - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pyrroles - toxicity</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Smooth muscle</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tunica Intima - drug effects</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkdtrFDEUxgdRbKl98lkZ8EWUtTlJ5vZSWMqqhUJF9DlkcpnJMpusyUxl_3vPMHVp-9I85ML58X3n5Muyt0C-ABTFBSXALyrKK6hfZKeUAV-VwOHl8c7YSXae0pbgqqEkTfk6O6EFhYI2cJptN3dymOTogs-Dzcfe5BtrjRrn19rrGLoo930YnDY5MmskYkhqwH10Kv8p29aNKb_2elJG5-0h_xHivj_EsAteprxzvnPo4dKb7JWVQzLn9-dZ9vvr5tfV99XN7bfrq_XNSvGGjKuyaTUH3QABWxJtdFHZCttuwNaMMw0FVigtZd0qZohmVdtwblXFClURTdhZdrno7qd2Z7QyfoxyEPvodjIeRJBOPK5414su3AmO0jVvUODjvUAMfyaTRrFzSZlhkN6EKQkooUa0qSmiH56g2zBFj-MJTGcWq8sHVCcHI5y3AX3VLCrWnFaEcgqz7eeFUvjBKRp7bBmImMMWc9hiCRvp9w-nPLL_o0Xg0wL0zmv51z2j9m6BDSLGyiOMExRlzf4B2XS5-Q</recordid><startdate>20140101</startdate><enddate>20140101</enddate><creator>al-Batran, Rami</creator><creator>al-Bayaty, Fouad</creator><creator>al-Obaidi, Mazen M. 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Jamil ; Hussain, Saba F. ; Mulok, Tengku Z.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-69bd41d9101f60ded57f709691f8343d15101226a8bc3e0d37b944fc735c70d03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - toxicity</topic><topic>Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anticholesteremic Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Anticholesteremic Agents - toxicity</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - metabolism</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - microbiology</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - pathology</topic><topic>Atorvastatin Calcium</topic><topic>Bacteroidaceae Infections - metabolism</topic><topic>Bacteroidaceae Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Bacteroidaceae Infections - pathology</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - analysis</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Chemokines</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cytokines - blood</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Diterpenes - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Diterpenes - pharmacology</topic><topic>Diterpenes - toxicity</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heptanoic Acids - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Heptanoic Acids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Heptanoic Acids - toxicity</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lipids - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Muscle, Smooth - drug effects</topic><topic>Periodontal disease</topic><topic>Porphyromonas gingivalis</topic><topic>Pyrroles - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Pyrroles - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pyrroles - toxicity</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Signal transduction</topic><topic>Smooth muscle</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tunica Intima - drug effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>al-Batran, Rami</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>al-Bayaty, Fouad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>al-Obaidi, Mazen M. 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Jamil</au><au>Hussain, Saba F.</au><au>Mulok, Tengku Z.</au><au>Kotani, Kazuhiko</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of the Effect of Andrographolide on Atherosclerotic Rabbits Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2014-01-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>2014</volume><issue>2014</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>11</epage><pages>1-11</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>Epidemiologic evidence has demonstrated significant associations between atherosclerosis and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We had investigated the effect of andrographolide (AND) on atherosclerosis induced by Pg in rabbits. For experimental purpose, we separated thirty male white New Zealand rabbits into 5 groups. Group 1 received standard food pellets; Groups 2–5 were orally challenged with Pg; Group 3 received atorvastatin (AV, 5 mg/kg), and Groups 4-5 received 10 and 20 mg/kg of AND, respectively, over 12 weeks. Groups treated with AND showed significant decrease in TC, TG, and LDL levels (P<0.05) and significant increase in HDL level in the serum of rabbits. Furthermore, the treated groups (G3–G5) exhibited reductions in interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as compared to atherogenicgroup (G2). The histological results showed that the thickening of atherosclerotic plaques were less significant in treated groups (G3–G5) compared with atherogenicgroup (G2). Also, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining decreased within the plaques of atherogenicgroup (G2), while it was increased in treated groups (G3–G5). Lastly, groups treated with AV and AND (G3–G5) showed significant reduction of CD36 expression (P<0.05) compared to atherogenicgroup (G2). These results substantially proved that AND contain antiatherogenic activity.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</pub><pmid>25215291</pmid><doi>10.1155/2014/724718</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-3346</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology Anti-Inflammatory Agents - toxicity Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage Anticholesteremic Agents - pharmacology Anticholesteremic Agents - toxicity Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - metabolism Atherosclerosis - microbiology Atherosclerosis - pathology Atorvastatin Calcium Bacteroidaceae Infections - metabolism Bacteroidaceae Infections - microbiology Bacteroidaceae Infections - pathology C-Reactive Protein - analysis Cardiovascular disease Chemokines Cholesterol Cytokines - blood Dentistry Diterpenes - administration & dosage Diterpenes - pharmacology Diterpenes - toxicity Experiments Female Heart Heptanoic Acids - administration & dosage Heptanoic Acids - pharmacology Heptanoic Acids - toxicity Laboratories Lipids - blood Male Medical research Mortality Muscle, Smooth - drug effects Periodontal disease Porphyromonas gingivalis Pyrroles - administration & dosage Pyrroles - pharmacology Pyrroles - toxicity Rabbits Signal transduction Smooth muscle Studies Tunica Intima - drug effects |
| title | Evaluation of the Effect of Andrographolide on Atherosclerotic Rabbits Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis |
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