Examining the Factor Structure of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Post-9/11 U.S. Military Veteran Sample
The present study examined the structural validity of the 25-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a large sample of U.S. veterans with military service since September 11, 2001. Participants (N = 1,981) completed the 25-item CD-RISC, a structured clinical interview and a self-report qu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Assessment (Odessa, Fla.) Fla.), 2014-08, Vol.21 (4), p.443-451 |
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| creator | Green, Kimberly T. Hayward, Laura C. Williams, Ann M. Dennis, Paul A. Bryan, Brandon C. Taber, Katherine H. Davidson, Jonathan R. T. Beckham, Jean C. Calhoun, Patrick S. Ingle, Sarah J. Miller-Mumford, Marinell McDonald, Scott D. Pickett, Treven C. Yoash-Gantz, Ruth E. Brancu, Mira Morey, Rajendra A. Strauss, Jennifer J. Tupler, Larry A. Dennis, Michelle F. |
| description | The present study examined the structural validity of the 25-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a large sample of U.S. veterans with military service since September 11, 2001. Participants (N = 1,981) completed the 25-item CD-RISC, a structured clinical interview and a self-report questionnaire assessing psychiatric symptoms. The study sample was randomly divided into two subsamples: an initial sample (Sample 1: n = 990) and a replication sample (Sample 2: n = 991). Findings derived from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) did not support the five-factor analytic structure as initially suggested in Connor and Davidson’s instrument validation study. Although parallel analyses indicated a two-factor structural model, we tested one to six factor solutions for best model fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Results supported a two-factor model of resilience, composed of adaptability- (8 items) and self-efficacy-themed (6 items) items; however, only the adaptability-themed factor was found to be consistent with our view of resilience—a factor of protection against the development of psychopathology following trauma exposure. The adaptability-themed factor may be a useful measure of resilience for post-9/11 U.S. military veterans. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/1073191114524014 |
| format | Article |
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T. ; Beckham, Jean C. ; Calhoun, Patrick S. ; Ingle, Sarah J. ; Miller-Mumford, Marinell ; McDonald, Scott D. ; Pickett, Treven C. ; Yoash-Gantz, Ruth E. ; Brancu, Mira ; Morey, Rajendra A. ; Strauss, Jennifer J. ; Tupler, Larry A. ; Dennis, Michelle F.</creator><creatorcontrib>Green, Kimberly T. ; Hayward, Laura C. ; Williams, Ann M. ; Dennis, Paul A. ; Bryan, Brandon C. ; Taber, Katherine H. ; Davidson, Jonathan R. T. ; Beckham, Jean C. ; Calhoun, Patrick S. ; Ingle, Sarah J. ; Miller-Mumford, Marinell ; McDonald, Scott D. ; Pickett, Treven C. ; Yoash-Gantz, Ruth E. ; Brancu, Mira ; Morey, Rajendra A. ; Strauss, Jennifer J. ; Tupler, Larry A. ; Dennis, Michelle F. ; Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup ; Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup</creatorcontrib><description>The present study examined the structural validity of the 25-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a large sample of U.S. veterans with military service since September 11, 2001. Participants (N = 1,981) completed the 25-item CD-RISC, a structured clinical interview and a self-report questionnaire assessing psychiatric symptoms. The study sample was randomly divided into two subsamples: an initial sample (Sample 1: n = 990) and a replication sample (Sample 2: n = 991). Findings derived from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) did not support the five-factor analytic structure as initially suggested in Connor and Davidson’s instrument validation study. Although parallel analyses indicated a two-factor structural model, we tested one to six factor solutions for best model fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Results supported a two-factor model of resilience, composed of adaptability- (8 items) and self-efficacy-themed (6 items) items; however, only the adaptability-themed factor was found to be consistent with our view of resilience—a factor of protection against the development of psychopathology following trauma exposure. The adaptability-themed factor may be a useful measure of resilience for post-9/11 U.S. military veterans.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1073-1911</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-3489</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/1073191114524014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24586090</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Interview, Psychological ; Male ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Resilience, Psychological ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Terrorism ; United States ; Veterans - psychology</subject><ispartof>Assessment (Odessa, Fla.), 2014-08, Vol.21 (4), p.443-451</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2014</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2014.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-536c6d192d07c47a25add6f86e429b9d398be8afecad65ba8326941b572ddc113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-536c6d192d07c47a25add6f86e429b9d398be8afecad65ba8326941b572ddc113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1073191114524014$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1073191114524014$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,21819,27924,27925,43621,43622</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586090$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Green, Kimberly T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayward, Laura C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Ann M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dennis, Paul A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryan, Brandon C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taber, Katherine H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davidson, Jonathan R. 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T.</au><au>Beckham, Jean C.</au><au>Calhoun, Patrick S.</au><au>Ingle, Sarah J.</au><au>Miller-Mumford, Marinell</au><au>McDonald, Scott D.</au><au>Pickett, Treven C.</au><au>Yoash-Gantz, Ruth E.</au><au>Brancu, Mira</au><au>Morey, Rajendra A.</au><au>Strauss, Jennifer J.</au><au>Tupler, Larry A.</au><au>Dennis, Michelle F.</au><aucorp>Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup</aucorp><aucorp>Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Examining the Factor Structure of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Post-9/11 U.S. Military Veteran Sample</atitle><jtitle>Assessment (Odessa, Fla.)</jtitle><addtitle>Assessment</addtitle><date>2014-08-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>443</spage><epage>451</epage><pages>443-451</pages><issn>1073-1911</issn><eissn>1552-3489</eissn><abstract>The present study examined the structural validity of the 25-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a large sample of U.S. veterans with military service since September 11, 2001. Participants (N = 1,981) completed the 25-item CD-RISC, a structured clinical interview and a self-report questionnaire assessing psychiatric symptoms. The study sample was randomly divided into two subsamples: an initial sample (Sample 1: n = 990) and a replication sample (Sample 2: n = 991). Findings derived from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) did not support the five-factor analytic structure as initially suggested in Connor and Davidson’s instrument validation study. Although parallel analyses indicated a two-factor structural model, we tested one to six factor solutions for best model fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Results supported a two-factor model of resilience, composed of adaptability- (8 items) and self-efficacy-themed (6 items) items; however, only the adaptability-themed factor was found to be consistent with our view of resilience—a factor of protection against the development of psychopathology following trauma exposure. The adaptability-themed factor may be a useful measure of resilience for post-9/11 U.S. military veterans.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>24586090</pmid><doi>10.1177/1073191114524014</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Assessment (Odessa, Fla.), 2014-08, Vol.21 (4), p.443-451 |
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| subjects | Adaptation, Psychological Adult Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology Factor Analysis, Statistical Female Humans Interview, Psychological Male Psychometrics Reproducibility of Results Resilience, Psychological Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology Surveys and Questionnaires Terrorism United States Veterans - psychology |
| title | Examining the Factor Structure of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a Post-9/11 U.S. Military Veteran Sample |
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