Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: An update
Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis or acute liver failure. Currently, HE is regarded as a continuous cognitive impairment ranging from the mildest stage, minimal HE to overt HE. Hyperammonaemia and neuroinflammation are two main underlying factors which contri...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 2014-08, Vol.20 (32), p.11262-11272 |
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| creator | Zhang, Xiao-Dong Zhang, Long-Jiang Wu, Sheng-Yong Lu, Guang-Ming |
| description | Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis or acute liver failure. Currently, HE is regarded as a continuous cognitive impairment ranging from the mildest stage, minimal HE to overt HE. Hyperammonaemia and neuroinflammation are two main underlying factors which contribute to the neurological alterations in HE. Both structural and functional impairments are found in the white mater and grey mater involved in HE. Although the investigations into HE pathophysiological mechanism are enormous, the exact pathophysiological causes underlying HE remain controversial. Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) plays an important role in helping to understand the pathological process of HE. This paper reviews the up-to-date multimodality MRI methods and predominant findings in HE patients with a highlight ofthe increasingly important role of blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11262 |
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Currently, HE is regarded as a continuous cognitive impairment ranging from the mildest stage, minimal HE to overt HE. Hyperammonaemia and neuroinflammation are two main underlying factors which contribute to the neurological alterations in HE. Both structural and functional impairments are found in the white mater and grey mater involved in HE. Although the investigations into HE pathophysiological mechanism are enormous, the exact pathophysiological causes underlying HE remain controversial. Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) plays an important role in helping to understand the pathological process of HE. 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Zhang, Long-Jiang ; Wu, Sheng-Yong ; Lu, Guang-Ming</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-3ebfa73a00ffd1f6936715c3cdf294cad782e3b9f6e496f0e938ec35f8460e923</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Brain - metabolism</topic><topic>Brain - pathology</topic><topic>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>encephalopathy</topic><topic>Hepatic</topic><topic>Hepatic Encephalopathy - blood</topic><topic>Hepatic Encephalopathy - diagnosis</topic><topic>Hepatic Encephalopathy - pathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Multimodal Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Oxygen - blood</topic><topic>Perfusion Imaging</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>resonance</topic><topic>Review</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xiao-Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Long-Jiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Sheng-Yong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Guang-Ming</creatorcontrib><collection>中文科技期刊数据库</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库-CALIS站点</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库-7.0平台</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库-医药卫生</collection><collection>中文科技期刊数据库- 镜像站点</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Xiao-Dong</au><au>Zhang, Long-Jiang</au><au>Wu, Sheng-Yong</au><au>Lu, Guang-Ming</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: An update</atitle><jtitle>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG</jtitle><addtitle>World Journal of Gastroenterology</addtitle><date>2014-08-28</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>32</issue><spage>11262</spage><epage>11272</epage><pages>11262-11272</pages><issn>1007-9327</issn><eissn>2219-2840</eissn><abstract>Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis or acute liver failure. 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| source | MEDLINE; Baishideng "World Journal of" online journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Biomarkers - blood Brain - metabolism Brain - pathology Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging encephalopathy Hepatic Hepatic Encephalopathy - blood Hepatic Encephalopathy - diagnosis Hepatic Encephalopathy - pathology Humans imaging Magnetic Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Multimodal Imaging - methods Oxygen - blood Perfusion Imaging Predictive Value of Tests resonance Review |
| title | Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: An update |
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