Citalopram and escitalopram plasma drug and metabolite concentrations: genome‐wide associations
Aims Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome‐wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | British journal of clinical pharmacology 2014-08, Vol.78 (2), p.373-383 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 383 |
---|---|
container_issue | 2 |
container_start_page | 373 |
container_title | British journal of clinical pharmacology |
container_volume | 78 |
creator | Ji, Yuan Schaid, Daniel J. Desta, Zeruesenay Kubo, Michiaki Batzler, Anthony J. Snyder, Karen Mushiroda, Taisei Kamatani, Naoyuki Ogburn, Evan Hall‐Flavin, Daniel Flockhart, David Nakamura, Yusuke Mrazek, David A. Weinshilboum, Richard M. |
description | Aims
Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome‐wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S‐CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT.
Methods
Our genome‐wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within‐subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects.
Results
Genome‐wide significant associations were observed for S‐CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10−9) and with S‐didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10−16), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation.
Conclusions
In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome‐wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/bcp.12348 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4137829</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1837294768</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5148-97cd771bc3e0c9d7ea7f3e90c8cbd0b5b4107d3f46ecf28374af6450746149673</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kctKxDAUhoMoznhZ-ALSpS465tq0LgQt3mBAF7oOaXo6RtqmNh2H2fkIPqNPYrU66sJsDuT_-M6BH6E9giekf0eZaSaEMh6voTFhkQgpoWIdjTHDUSioICO05f0jxoSRSGyiEeWCxjTmY6RT2-nSNa2uAl3nAXjz89GU2lc6yNv57DOsoNOZK20HgXG1gbprdWdd7Y-DGdSugreX14XNIdDeO2OHbAdtFLr0sPs1t9H9xfldehVOby6v09NpaAThcZhIk0tJMsMAmySXoGXBIMEmNlmOM5FxgmXOCh6BKWjMJNdFxAWWPCI8iSTbRieDt5lnFeTDdaVqWlvpdqmctupvUtsHNXPPihMmY5r0goMvQeue5uA7VVlvoCx1DW7uFemX0oTLKO7RwwE1rfO-hWK1hmD1UYnqK1GflfTs_u-7VuR3Bz1wNAALW8Lyf5M6S28H5TvYK5lh</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1837294768</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Citalopram and escitalopram plasma drug and metabolite concentrations: genome‐wide associations</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Ji, Yuan ; Schaid, Daniel J. ; Desta, Zeruesenay ; Kubo, Michiaki ; Batzler, Anthony J. ; Snyder, Karen ; Mushiroda, Taisei ; Kamatani, Naoyuki ; Ogburn, Evan ; Hall‐Flavin, Daniel ; Flockhart, David ; Nakamura, Yusuke ; Mrazek, David A. ; Weinshilboum, Richard M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Ji, Yuan ; Schaid, Daniel J. ; Desta, Zeruesenay ; Kubo, Michiaki ; Batzler, Anthony J. ; Snyder, Karen ; Mushiroda, Taisei ; Kamatani, Naoyuki ; Ogburn, Evan ; Hall‐Flavin, Daniel ; Flockhart, David ; Nakamura, Yusuke ; Mrazek, David A. ; Weinshilboum, Richard M.</creatorcontrib><description>Aims
Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome‐wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S‐CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT.
Methods
Our genome‐wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within‐subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects.
Results
Genome‐wide significant associations were observed for S‐CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10−9) and with S‐didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10−16), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation.
Conclusions
In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome‐wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0306-5251</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2125</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12348</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24528284</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Science Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biotransformation ; citalopram ; Citalopram - blood ; Citalopram - metabolism ; Citalopram - therapeutic use ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 - genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - genetics ; Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy ; Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism ; escitalopram ; Female ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; major depressive disorder ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pharmacogenetics ; plasma drug concentration ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - blood ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - metabolism ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2014-08, Vol.78 (2), p.373-383</ispartof><rights>2014 The British Pharmacological Society</rights><rights>2014 The British Pharmacological Society.</rights><rights>2014 The British Pharmacological Society 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5148-97cd771bc3e0c9d7ea7f3e90c8cbd0b5b4107d3f46ecf28374af6450746149673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5148-97cd771bc3e0c9d7ea7f3e90c8cbd0b5b4107d3f46ecf28374af6450746149673</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fbcp.12348$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fbcp.12348$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,782,786,887,1419,1435,27931,27932,45581,45582,46416,46840</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24528284$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ji, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaid, Daniel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desta, Zeruesenay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubo, Michiaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batzler, Anthony J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snyder, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mushiroda, Taisei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamatani, Naoyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogburn, Evan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall‐Flavin, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flockhart, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Yusuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mrazek, David A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weinshilboum, Richard M.</creatorcontrib><title>Citalopram and escitalopram plasma drug and metabolite concentrations: genome‐wide associations</title><title>British journal of clinical pharmacology</title><addtitle>Br J Clin Pharmacol</addtitle><description>Aims
Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome‐wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S‐CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT.
Methods
Our genome‐wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within‐subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects.
Results
Genome‐wide significant associations were observed for S‐CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10−9) and with S‐didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10−16), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation.
Conclusions
In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome‐wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biotransformation</subject><subject>citalopram</subject><subject>Citalopram - blood</subject><subject>Citalopram - metabolism</subject><subject>Citalopram - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 - genetics</subject><subject>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - genetics</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism</subject><subject>escitalopram</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genome-Wide Association Study</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>major depressive disorder</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Pharmacogenetics</subject><subject>plasma drug concentration</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</subject><subject>Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - blood</subject><subject>Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - metabolism</subject><subject>Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0306-5251</issn><issn>1365-2125</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kctKxDAUhoMoznhZ-ALSpS465tq0LgQt3mBAF7oOaXo6RtqmNh2H2fkIPqNPYrU66sJsDuT_-M6BH6E9giekf0eZaSaEMh6voTFhkQgpoWIdjTHDUSioICO05f0jxoSRSGyiEeWCxjTmY6RT2-nSNa2uAl3nAXjz89GU2lc6yNv57DOsoNOZK20HgXG1gbprdWdd7Y-DGdSugreX14XNIdDeO2OHbAdtFLr0sPs1t9H9xfldehVOby6v09NpaAThcZhIk0tJMsMAmySXoGXBIMEmNlmOM5FxgmXOCh6BKWjMJNdFxAWWPCI8iSTbRieDt5lnFeTDdaVqWlvpdqmctupvUtsHNXPPihMmY5r0goMvQeue5uA7VVlvoCx1DW7uFemX0oTLKO7RwwE1rfO-hWK1hmD1UYnqK1GflfTs_u-7VuR3Bz1wNAALW8Lyf5M6S28H5TvYK5lh</recordid><startdate>201408</startdate><enddate>201408</enddate><creator>Ji, Yuan</creator><creator>Schaid, Daniel J.</creator><creator>Desta, Zeruesenay</creator><creator>Kubo, Michiaki</creator><creator>Batzler, Anthony J.</creator><creator>Snyder, Karen</creator><creator>Mushiroda, Taisei</creator><creator>Kamatani, Naoyuki</creator><creator>Ogburn, Evan</creator><creator>Hall‐Flavin, Daniel</creator><creator>Flockhart, David</creator><creator>Nakamura, Yusuke</creator><creator>Mrazek, David A.</creator><creator>Weinshilboum, Richard M.</creator><general>Blackwell Science Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201408</creationdate><title>Citalopram and escitalopram plasma drug and metabolite concentrations: genome‐wide associations</title><author>Ji, Yuan ; Schaid, Daniel J. ; Desta, Zeruesenay ; Kubo, Michiaki ; Batzler, Anthony J. ; Snyder, Karen ; Mushiroda, Taisei ; Kamatani, Naoyuki ; Ogburn, Evan ; Hall‐Flavin, Daniel ; Flockhart, David ; Nakamura, Yusuke ; Mrazek, David A. ; Weinshilboum, Richard M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5148-97cd771bc3e0c9d7ea7f3e90c8cbd0b5b4107d3f46ecf28374af6450746149673</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biotransformation</topic><topic>citalopram</topic><topic>Citalopram - blood</topic><topic>Citalopram - metabolism</topic><topic>Citalopram - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 - genetics</topic><topic>Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - genetics</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism</topic><topic>escitalopram</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genome-Wide Association Study</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>major depressive disorder</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Pharmacogenetics</topic><topic>plasma drug concentration</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</topic><topic>selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</topic><topic>Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - blood</topic><topic>Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - metabolism</topic><topic>Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ji, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaid, Daniel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desta, Zeruesenay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubo, Michiaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batzler, Anthony J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snyder, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mushiroda, Taisei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamatani, Naoyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogburn, Evan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall‐Flavin, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flockhart, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Yusuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mrazek, David A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weinshilboum, Richard M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>British journal of clinical pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ji, Yuan</au><au>Schaid, Daniel J.</au><au>Desta, Zeruesenay</au><au>Kubo, Michiaki</au><au>Batzler, Anthony J.</au><au>Snyder, Karen</au><au>Mushiroda, Taisei</au><au>Kamatani, Naoyuki</au><au>Ogburn, Evan</au><au>Hall‐Flavin, Daniel</au><au>Flockhart, David</au><au>Nakamura, Yusuke</au><au>Mrazek, David A.</au><au>Weinshilboum, Richard M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Citalopram and escitalopram plasma drug and metabolite concentrations: genome‐wide associations</atitle><jtitle>British journal of clinical pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Clin Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2014-08</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>78</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>373</spage><epage>383</epage><pages>373-383</pages><issn>0306-5251</issn><eissn>1365-2125</eissn><abstract>Aims
Citalopram (CT) and escitalopram (S‐CT) are among the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). We applied a genome‐wide association study to identify genetic factors that contribute to variation in plasma concentrations of CT or S‐CT and their metabolites in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT.
Methods
Our genome‐wide association study was performed using samples from 435 MDD patients. Linear mixed models were used to account for within‐subject correlations of longitudinal measures of plasma drug/metabolite concentrations (4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of drug therapy), and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were modelled as additive allelic effects.
Results
Genome‐wide significant associations were observed for S‐CT concentration with SNPs in or near the CYP2C19 gene on chromosome 10 (rs1074145, P = 4.1 × 10−9) and with S‐didesmethylcitalopram concentration for SNPs near the CYP2D6 locus on chromosome 22 (rs1065852, P = 2.0 × 10−16), supporting the important role of these cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in biotransformation of citalopram. After adjustment for the effect of CYP2C19 functional alleles, the analyses also identified novel loci that will require future replication and functional validation.
Conclusions
In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the biotransformation of CT to monodesmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram is mediated by CYP isozymes. The results of our genome‐wide association study performed in MDD patients treated with CT or S‐CT have confirmed those observations but also identified novel genomic loci that might play a role in variation in plasma levels of CT or its metabolites during the treatment of MDD patients with these selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Inc</pub><pmid>24528284</pmid><doi>10.1111/bcp.12348</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0306-5251 |
ispartof | British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2014-08, Vol.78 (2), p.373-383 |
issn | 0306-5251 1365-2125 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4137829 |
source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biotransformation citalopram Citalopram - blood Citalopram - metabolism Citalopram - therapeutic use Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 - genetics Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 - genetics Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism escitalopram Female Genome-Wide Association Study Humans major depressive disorder Male Middle Aged Molecular Sequence Data Pharmacogenetics plasma drug concentration Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - blood Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - metabolism Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use Young Adult |
title | Citalopram and escitalopram plasma drug and metabolite concentrations: genome‐wide associations |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-07T00%3A05%3A15IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Citalopram%20and%20escitalopram%20plasma%20drug%20and%20metabolite%20concentrations:%20genome%E2%80%90wide%20associations&rft.jtitle=British%20journal%20of%20clinical%20pharmacology&rft.au=Ji,%20Yuan&rft.date=2014-08&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=373&rft.epage=383&rft.pages=373-383&rft.issn=0306-5251&rft.eissn=1365-2125&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/bcp.12348&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E1837294768%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1837294768&rft_id=info:pmid/24528284&rfr_iscdi=true |