Characterization of Nitric Oxide-Inducing Lipid A Derived from Mesorhizobium loti Lipopolysaccharide
Mesorhizobium loti is a member of the rhizobia and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with several Lotus species. Recently, it was reported that M. loti bacterial cells and their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations transiently induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the roots of L. japonicus. We subs...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Microbes and Environments 2012, Vol.27(4), pp.490-496 |
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description | Mesorhizobium loti is a member of the rhizobia and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with several Lotus species. Recently, it was reported that M. loti bacterial cells and their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations transiently induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the roots of L. japonicus. We subsequently found that polysaccharides and the lipid A moiety were responsible for this NO induction. In this study, we elucidated the chemical structure of M. loti lipid A and characterized its NO-inducing activity in response to structural modifications. M. loti LPS were partially hydrolyzed with hydrazine or aqueous hydrofluoric acid to obtain O-deacylated or dephosphorylated LPS, respectively. The untreated and treated LPS fractions were subjected to weak acid hydrolysis to obtain lipid A fractions. The chemical structure of M. loti lipid A was elucidated by chemical composition analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS, and NMR spectra to be P-4-β-GlcNN(1-6)α-GlcNN(1-1)α-GalA, in which positions 2 and 3 of β-GlcNN are substituted for 3-acyloxy-fatty amides, and positions 2 and 3 of α-GlcNN are substituted for 3OH-fatty amides. The partial hydrolysis of lipid A appeared to reduce its NO-inducing activity. These results suggest that L. japonicus root cells recognize the lipid A structure as a means of controlling NO production. |
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Recently, it was reported that M. loti bacterial cells and their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations transiently induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the roots of L. japonicus. We subsequently found that polysaccharides and the lipid A moiety were responsible for this NO induction. In this study, we elucidated the chemical structure of M. loti lipid A and characterized its NO-inducing activity in response to structural modifications. M. loti LPS were partially hydrolyzed with hydrazine or aqueous hydrofluoric acid to obtain O-deacylated or dephosphorylated LPS, respectively. The untreated and treated LPS fractions were subjected to weak acid hydrolysis to obtain lipid A fractions. The chemical structure of M. loti lipid A was elucidated by chemical composition analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS, and NMR spectra to be P-4-β-GlcNN(1-6)α-GlcNN(1-1)α-GalA, in which positions 2 and 3 of β-GlcNN are substituted for 3-acyloxy-fatty amides, and positions 2 and 3 of α-GlcNN are substituted for 3OH-fatty amides. The partial hydrolysis of lipid A appeared to reduce its NO-inducing activity. These results suggest that L. japonicus root cells recognize the lipid A structure as a means of controlling NO production.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1342-6311</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1347-4405</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.ME12103</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23059724</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Japan: Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles</publisher><subject>Bacteria ; Hydrazine ; lipid A ; Lipid A - chemistry ; Lipid A - metabolism ; lipopolysaccharide ; Lipopolysaccharides - chemistry ; Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism ; Lotus - metabolism ; Lotus - microbiology ; Mesorhizobium - metabolism ; nitric oxide ; Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide - metabolism ; NMR ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Plant Roots - metabolism ; Plant Roots - microbiology ; Rhizobium - metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Symbiosis</subject><ispartof>Microbes and Environments, 2012, Vol.27(4), pp.490-496</ispartof><rights>2012 Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology</rights><rights>Copyright Japan Science and Technology Agency 2012</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 by the Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / the Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology 2012</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c625t-75aabdcf57fbedd6beb4b4c8ed3eb08c7b97dcccb9f2fe0375cd83d021a2d6c23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c625t-75aabdcf57fbedd6beb4b4c8ed3eb08c7b97dcccb9f2fe0375cd83d021a2d6c23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103559/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103559/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1876,4009,27902,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23059724$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hashimoto, Masahito</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanishita, Youhei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suda, Yasuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murakami, Ei-ichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagata, Maki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kucho, Ken-ichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abe, Mikiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uchiumi, Toshiki</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of Nitric Oxide-Inducing Lipid A Derived from Mesorhizobium loti Lipopolysaccharide</title><title>Microbes and Environments</title><addtitle>Microbes Environ.</addtitle><description>Mesorhizobium loti is a member of the rhizobia and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with several Lotus species. Recently, it was reported that M. loti bacterial cells and their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations transiently induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the roots of L. japonicus. We subsequently found that polysaccharides and the lipid A moiety were responsible for this NO induction. In this study, we elucidated the chemical structure of M. loti lipid A and characterized its NO-inducing activity in response to structural modifications. M. loti LPS were partially hydrolyzed with hydrazine or aqueous hydrofluoric acid to obtain O-deacylated or dephosphorylated LPS, respectively. The untreated and treated LPS fractions were subjected to weak acid hydrolysis to obtain lipid A fractions. The chemical structure of M. loti lipid A was elucidated by chemical composition analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS, and NMR spectra to be P-4-β-GlcNN(1-6)α-GlcNN(1-1)α-GalA, in which positions 2 and 3 of β-GlcNN are substituted for 3-acyloxy-fatty amides, and positions 2 and 3 of α-GlcNN are substituted for 3OH-fatty amides. The partial hydrolysis of lipid A appeared to reduce its NO-inducing activity. These results suggest that L. japonicus root cells recognize the lipid A structure as a means of controlling NO production.</description><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Hydrazine</subject><subject>lipid A</subject><subject>Lipid A - chemistry</subject><subject>Lipid A - metabolism</subject><subject>lipopolysaccharide</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides - chemistry</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism</subject><subject>Lotus - metabolism</subject><subject>Lotus - microbiology</subject><subject>Mesorhizobium - metabolism</subject><subject>nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - metabolism</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular</subject><subject>Plant Roots - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Roots - microbiology</subject><subject>Rhizobium - metabolism</subject><subject>Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization</subject><subject>Symbiosis</subject><issn>1342-6311</issn><issn>1347-4405</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1v1DAQhi0EoqVw5IoiceGS4s84uSBVS6GVtvQCZ8sfk12vknixk6rtr8fppitAlmxL8-jRzLwIvSf4nNCKf96lHuj5zSWhBLMX6JQwLkvOsXj59KdlxQg5QW9S2mHMmJD0NTqhDItGUn6K3Gqro7YjRP-oRx-GIrTFDz9Gb4vbe--gvB7cZP2wKdZ-711xUXzN7B24oo2hL24ghbj1j8H4qS-6MPqZC_vQPSRtbZZnx1v0qtVdgnfLe4Z-fbv8uboq17ffr1cX69JWVIylFFobZ1shWwPOVQYMN9zW4BgYXFtpGumstaZpaQuYSWFdzRymRFNXWcrO0JeDdz-ZHpyFYYy6U_voex0fVNBe_VsZ_FZtwp3ieXdCNFnwaRHE8HuCNKreJwtdpwcIU1J5oXU-lM7ox__QXZjikMdThFdS8oo2dabKA2VjSClCe2yGYDXnp57yU0t-mf_w9wRH-jmwDKwOwC6NegNHQMfR2w4WHZWKz9eiPVbnPBQM7A8gurKp</recordid><startdate>2012</startdate><enddate>2012</enddate><creator>Hashimoto, Masahito</creator><creator>Tanishita, Youhei</creator><creator>Suda, Yasuo</creator><creator>Murakami, Ei-ichi</creator><creator>Nagata, Maki</creator><creator>Kucho, Ken-ichi</creator><creator>Abe, Mikiko</creator><creator>Uchiumi, Toshiki</creator><general>Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles</general><general>Japan Science and Technology Agency</general><general>Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology/The Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2012</creationdate><title>Characterization of Nitric Oxide-Inducing Lipid A Derived from Mesorhizobium loti Lipopolysaccharide</title><author>Hashimoto, Masahito ; 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Recently, it was reported that M. loti bacterial cells and their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations transiently induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the roots of L. japonicus. We subsequently found that polysaccharides and the lipid A moiety were responsible for this NO induction. In this study, we elucidated the chemical structure of M. loti lipid A and characterized its NO-inducing activity in response to structural modifications. M. loti LPS were partially hydrolyzed with hydrazine or aqueous hydrofluoric acid to obtain O-deacylated or dephosphorylated LPS, respectively. The untreated and treated LPS fractions were subjected to weak acid hydrolysis to obtain lipid A fractions. The chemical structure of M. loti lipid A was elucidated by chemical composition analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS, and NMR spectra to be P-4-β-GlcNN(1-6)α-GlcNN(1-1)α-GalA, in which positions 2 and 3 of β-GlcNN are substituted for 3-acyloxy-fatty amides, and positions 2 and 3 of α-GlcNN are substituted for 3OH-fatty amides. The partial hydrolysis of lipid A appeared to reduce its NO-inducing activity. These results suggest that L. japonicus root cells recognize the lipid A structure as a means of controlling NO production.</abstract><cop>Japan</cop><pub>Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles</pub><pmid>23059724</pmid><doi>10.1264/jsme2.ME12103</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Bacteria Hydrazine lipid A Lipid A - chemistry Lipid A - metabolism lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharides - chemistry Lipopolysaccharides - metabolism Lotus - metabolism Lotus - microbiology Mesorhizobium - metabolism nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis Nitric Oxide - metabolism NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular Plant Roots - metabolism Plant Roots - microbiology Rhizobium - metabolism Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Symbiosis |
title | Characterization of Nitric Oxide-Inducing Lipid A Derived from Mesorhizobium loti Lipopolysaccharide |
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