Tobacco Retailer Proximity and Density and Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness

We examined the density and proximity of tobacco retailers and associations with smoking behavior and mental health in a diverse sample of 1061 smokers with serious mental illness (SMI) residing in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Participants' addresses were geocoded and linked with r...

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Veröffentlicht in:American journal of public health (1971) 2014-08, Vol.104 (8), p.1454-1463
Hauptverfasser: YOUNG-WOLFF, Kelly C, HENRIKSEN, Lisa, DELUCCHI, Kevin, PROCHASKA, Judith J
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container_issue 8
container_start_page 1454
container_title American journal of public health (1971)
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creator YOUNG-WOLFF, Kelly C
HENRIKSEN, Lisa
DELUCCHI, Kevin
PROCHASKA, Judith J
description We examined the density and proximity of tobacco retailers and associations with smoking behavior and mental health in a diverse sample of 1061 smokers with serious mental illness (SMI) residing in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. Participants' addresses were geocoded and linked with retailer licensing data to determine the distance between participants' residence and the nearest retailer (proximity) and the number of retailers within 500-meter and 1-kilometer service areas (density). More than half of the sample lived within 250 meters of a tobacco retailer. A median of 3 retailers were within 500 meters of participants' residences, and a median of 12 were within 1 kilometer. Among smokers with SMI, tobacco retailer densities were 2-fold greater than for the general population and were associated with poorer mental health, greater nicotine dependence, and lower self-efficacy for quitting. Our findings provide further evidence of the tobacco retail environment as a potential vector contributing to tobacco-related disparities among individuals with SMI and suggest that this group may benefit from progressive environmental protections that restrict tobacco retail licenses and reduce aggressive point-of-sale marketing.
doi_str_mv 10.2105/AJPH.2014.301917
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Participants' addresses were geocoded and linked with retailer licensing data to determine the distance between participants' residence and the nearest retailer (proximity) and the number of retailers within 500-meter and 1-kilometer service areas (density). More than half of the sample lived within 250 meters of a tobacco retailer. A median of 3 retailers were within 500 meters of participants' residences, and a median of 12 were within 1 kilometer. Among smokers with SMI, tobacco retailer densities were 2-fold greater than for the general population and were associated with poorer mental health, greater nicotine dependence, and lower self-efficacy for quitting. 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Participants' addresses were geocoded and linked with retailer licensing data to determine the distance between participants' residence and the nearest retailer (proximity) and the number of retailers within 500-meter and 1-kilometer service areas (density). More than half of the sample lived within 250 meters of a tobacco retailer. A median of 3 retailers were within 500 meters of participants' residences, and a median of 12 were within 1 kilometer. Among smokers with SMI, tobacco retailer densities were 2-fold greater than for the general population and were associated with poorer mental health, greater nicotine dependence, and lower self-efficacy for quitting. 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subjects Addictions
Adult
Age Factors
Biological and medical sciences
Cigarettes
Female
General aspects
Geography
Health Policy
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Mental disorders
Mental Disorders - epidemiology
Mental Disorders - psychology
Mental health
Mental health care
Miscellaneous
Nicotine
Population
Prevention
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Public health
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Research and Practice
Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data
Retail stores
San Francisco - epidemiology
Sex
Smoking - epidemiology
Smoking - psychology
Smoking Cessation
Socioeconomic Factors
Studies
Substance Use
Tobacco
Tobacco Control
Tobacco industry
Tobacco Products - supply & distribution
Tobacco Use Disorder - epidemiology
Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology
Tobacco, tobacco smoking
Toxicology
title Tobacco Retailer Proximity and Density and Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness
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