Anterior gradient protein 2 promotes survival, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells
Through a transcriptome microarray analysis, we have isolated Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) as a gene up-regulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AGR2 is a disulfide isomerase over-expressed in several human carcinomas and recently linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular cancer 2014-06, Vol.13 (1), p.160-160, Article 160 |
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| creator | Di Maro, Gennaro Salerno, Paolo Unger, Kristian Orlandella, Francesca Maria Monaco, Mario Chiappetta, Gennaro Thomas, Gerry Oczko-Wojciechowska, Malgorzata Masullo, Mariorosario Jarzab, Barbara Santoro, Massimo Salvatore, Giuliana |
| description | Through a transcriptome microarray analysis, we have isolated Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) as a gene up-regulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AGR2 is a disulfide isomerase over-expressed in several human carcinomas and recently linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we analyzed the expression of AGR2 in PTC and its functional role.
Expression of AGR2 was studied by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR in normal thyroids and in PTC samples. The function of AGR2 was studied by knockdown in PTC cells and by ectopic expression in non-transformed thyroid cells. The role of AGR2 in the ER stress was analyzed upon treatment of cells, expressing or not AGR2, with Bortezomib and analyzing by Western blot the expression levels of GADD153.
PTC over-expressed AGR2 at mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of AGR2 in PTC cells induced apoptosis and decreased migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of AGR2 in non-transformed human thyroid cells increased migration and invasion and protected cells from ER stress induced by Bortezomib.
AGR2 is a novel marker of PTC and plays a role in thyroid cancer cell survival, migration, invasion and protection from ER stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/1476-4598-13-160 |
| format | Article |
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Expression of AGR2 was studied by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR in normal thyroids and in PTC samples. The function of AGR2 was studied by knockdown in PTC cells and by ectopic expression in non-transformed thyroid cells. The role of AGR2 in the ER stress was analyzed upon treatment of cells, expressing or not AGR2, with Bortezomib and analyzing by Western blot the expression levels of GADD153.
PTC over-expressed AGR2 at mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of AGR2 in PTC cells induced apoptosis and decreased migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of AGR2 in non-transformed human thyroid cells increased migration and invasion and protected cells from ER stress induced by Bortezomib.
AGR2 is a novel marker of PTC and plays a role in thyroid cancer cell survival, migration, invasion and protection from ER stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1476-4598</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4598</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-160</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24976026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Apoptosis ; Boronic Acids - pharmacology ; Bortezomib ; Cancer ; Carcinoma - metabolism ; Carcinoma - pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Cell adhesion & migration ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement - drug effects ; Cell Proliferation - drug effects ; Cell Survival - drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - pathology ; Chemical bonds ; Data analysis ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress - drug effects ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Medical prognosis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects ; Prevention ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases - metabolism ; Protein folding ; Proteins - metabolism ; Pyrazines - pharmacology ; RNA polymerase ; Statistical analysis ; Studies ; Thyroid cancer ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms - metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms - pathology ; Up-Regulation - drug effects</subject><ispartof>Molecular cancer, 2014-06, Vol.13 (1), p.160-160, Article 160</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2014 Di Maro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Di Maro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Di Maro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b551t-d2615ae423c1370dbcc2b9960b39c56e3b2d5892d6a2e8947c09b33a8f1622713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b551t-d2615ae423c1370dbcc2b9960b39c56e3b2d5892d6a2e8947c09b33a8f1622713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094684/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094684/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24976026$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Di Maro, Gennaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salerno, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unger, Kristian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orlandella, Francesca Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monaco, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiappetta, Gennaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Gerry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oczko-Wojciechowska, Malgorzata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masullo, Mariorosario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarzab, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santoro, Massimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salvatore, Giuliana</creatorcontrib><title>Anterior gradient protein 2 promotes survival, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells</title><title>Molecular cancer</title><addtitle>Mol Cancer</addtitle><description>Through a transcriptome microarray analysis, we have isolated Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) as a gene up-regulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AGR2 is a disulfide isomerase over-expressed in several human carcinomas and recently linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we analyzed the expression of AGR2 in PTC and its functional role.
Expression of AGR2 was studied by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR in normal thyroids and in PTC samples. The function of AGR2 was studied by knockdown in PTC cells and by ectopic expression in non-transformed thyroid cells. The role of AGR2 in the ER stress was analyzed upon treatment of cells, expressing or not AGR2, with Bortezomib and analyzing by Western blot the expression levels of GADD153.
PTC over-expressed AGR2 at mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of AGR2 in PTC cells induced apoptosis and decreased migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of AGR2 in non-transformed human thyroid cells increased migration and invasion and protected cells from ER stress induced by Bortezomib.
AGR2 is a novel marker of PTC and plays a role in thyroid cancer cell survival, migration, invasion and protection from ER stress.</description><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Boronic Acids - pharmacology</subject><subject>Bortezomib</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Carcinoma - metabolism</subject><subject>Carcinoma - pathology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Papillary</subject><subject>Cell adhesion & migration</subject><subject>Cell Line, Tumor</subject><subject>Cell Movement - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - pathology</subject><subject>Chemical bonds</subject><subject>Data analysis</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Endoplasmic reticulum</subject><subject>Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Gene Knockdown Techniques</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Neoplasm Invasiveness</subject><subject>Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Protein Disulfide-Isomerases - metabolism</subject><subject>Protein folding</subject><subject>Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Pyrazines - pharmacology</subject><subject>RNA polymerase</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Thyroid cancer</subject><subject>Thyroid Cancer, Papillary</subject><subject>Thyroid Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Thyroid Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Up-Regulation - drug effects</subject><issn>1476-4598</issn><issn>1476-4598</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kk1r3DAQhkVpadKk956KoNc60Zcl61JYljYtBHJpzkKW5c0stuRK3oX8-8psss1Cig4azcfDO6NB6BMlV5Q28poKJStR66aivKKSvEHnR9fbF_YZ-pDzlhCqGiXeozMmtJKEyXO0XYXZJ4gJb5LtwIcZTynOHgJmizUWO-O8S3vY2-ErHqHkzRADtqHDEPY2L4_Y48lOMAw2PeL54TFF6LCzyUGIo8XOD0O-RO96O2T_8em-QPc_vv9e_6xu725-rVe3VVvXdK46JmltvWDcUa5I1zrHWq0labl2tfS8ZV3daNZJy3yjhXJEt5zbpqeSMUX5Bfp24E67dvSdKz0lO5gpwVjUmWjBnEYCPJhN3BtBtJCNKID1AdBC_A_gNOLiaJZZm2XWhnJTvqJQvjzJSPHPzufZbOMuhdK5obUQijAt9b-sjR28gdDHQnQjZGdWNddSsUYsrKtXssrp_AguBt9D8Z8UkEOBSzHn5PujekrMsjqv6f38cmzHgudd4X8BHk2_5A</recordid><startdate>20140630</startdate><enddate>20140630</enddate><creator>Di Maro, Gennaro</creator><creator>Salerno, Paolo</creator><creator>Unger, Kristian</creator><creator>Orlandella, Francesca Maria</creator><creator>Monaco, Mario</creator><creator>Chiappetta, Gennaro</creator><creator>Thomas, Gerry</creator><creator>Oczko-Wojciechowska, Malgorzata</creator><creator>Masullo, Mariorosario</creator><creator>Jarzab, Barbara</creator><creator>Santoro, Massimo</creator><creator>Salvatore, Giuliana</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140630</creationdate><title>Anterior gradient protein 2 promotes survival, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells</title><author>Di Maro, Gennaro ; Salerno, Paolo ; Unger, Kristian ; Orlandella, Francesca Maria ; Monaco, Mario ; Chiappetta, Gennaro ; Thomas, Gerry ; Oczko-Wojciechowska, Malgorzata ; Masullo, Mariorosario ; Jarzab, Barbara ; Santoro, Massimo ; Salvatore, Giuliana</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b551t-d2615ae423c1370dbcc2b9960b39c56e3b2d5892d6a2e8947c09b33a8f1622713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Boronic Acids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Bortezomib</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Carcinoma - metabolism</topic><topic>Carcinoma - pathology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Papillary</topic><topic>Cell adhesion & migration</topic><topic>Cell Line, Tumor</topic><topic>Cell Movement - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - pathology</topic><topic>Chemical bonds</topic><topic>Data analysis</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Endoplasmic reticulum</topic><topic>Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress - drug effects</topic><topic>Gene Knockdown Techniques</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Neoplasm Invasiveness</topic><topic>Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Protein Disulfide-Isomerases - metabolism</topic><topic>Protein folding</topic><topic>Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Pyrazines - pharmacology</topic><topic>RNA polymerase</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Thyroid cancer</topic><topic>Thyroid Cancer, Papillary</topic><topic>Thyroid Neoplasms - metabolism</topic><topic>Thyroid Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Up-Regulation - drug effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Di Maro, Gennaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salerno, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Unger, Kristian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orlandella, Francesca Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monaco, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiappetta, Gennaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Gerry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oczko-Wojciechowska, Malgorzata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masullo, Mariorosario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarzab, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santoro, Massimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salvatore, Giuliana</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Molecular cancer</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Di Maro, Gennaro</au><au>Salerno, Paolo</au><au>Unger, Kristian</au><au>Orlandella, Francesca Maria</au><au>Monaco, Mario</au><au>Chiappetta, Gennaro</au><au>Thomas, Gerry</au><au>Oczko-Wojciechowska, Malgorzata</au><au>Masullo, Mariorosario</au><au>Jarzab, Barbara</au><au>Santoro, Massimo</au><au>Salvatore, Giuliana</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Anterior gradient protein 2 promotes survival, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells</atitle><jtitle>Molecular cancer</jtitle><addtitle>Mol Cancer</addtitle><date>2014-06-30</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>160</spage><epage>160</epage><pages>160-160</pages><artnum>160</artnum><issn>1476-4598</issn><eissn>1476-4598</eissn><abstract>Through a transcriptome microarray analysis, we have isolated Anterior gradient protein 2 (AGR2) as a gene up-regulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). AGR2 is a disulfide isomerase over-expressed in several human carcinomas and recently linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we analyzed the expression of AGR2 in PTC and its functional role.
Expression of AGR2 was studied by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR in normal thyroids and in PTC samples. The function of AGR2 was studied by knockdown in PTC cells and by ectopic expression in non-transformed thyroid cells. The role of AGR2 in the ER stress was analyzed upon treatment of cells, expressing or not AGR2, with Bortezomib and analyzing by Western blot the expression levels of GADD153.
PTC over-expressed AGR2 at mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of AGR2 in PTC cells induced apoptosis and decreased migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of AGR2 in non-transformed human thyroid cells increased migration and invasion and protected cells from ER stress induced by Bortezomib.
AGR2 is a novel marker of PTC and plays a role in thyroid cancer cell survival, migration, invasion and protection from ER stress.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>24976026</pmid><doi>10.1186/1476-4598-13-160</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Apoptosis Boronic Acids - pharmacology Bortezomib Cancer Carcinoma - metabolism Carcinoma - pathology Carcinoma, Papillary Cell adhesion & migration Cell Line, Tumor Cell Movement - drug effects Cell Proliferation - drug effects Cell Survival - drug effects Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - drug effects Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - pathology Chemical bonds Data analysis Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress - drug effects Gene Knockdown Techniques Humans Medical prognosis Neoplasm Invasiveness Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects Prevention Protein Disulfide-Isomerases - metabolism Protein folding Proteins - metabolism Pyrazines - pharmacology RNA polymerase Statistical analysis Studies Thyroid cancer Thyroid Cancer, Papillary Thyroid Neoplasms - metabolism Thyroid Neoplasms - pathology Up-Regulation - drug effects |
| title | Anterior gradient protein 2 promotes survival, migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells |
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