Anger problems and posttraumatic stress disorder in male and female National Guard and Reserve Service members
Abstract Anger is a common problem among veterans and has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to improve understanding of how anger and PTSD co-occur by examining gender differences and differences by whether the triggering traumatic event is deployment-relate...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of psychiatric research 2014-08, Vol.55, p.52-58 |
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description | Abstract Anger is a common problem among veterans and has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to improve understanding of how anger and PTSD co-occur by examining gender differences and differences by whether the triggering traumatic event is deployment-related vs. civilian-related in current service members. A representative cohort of Reserve and National Guard service personnel ( n = 1293) were interviewed to assess for deployment- or civilian-related traumas, PTSD, and anger. The prevalence of self-reported anger problems was estimated among male ( n = 1036) and female ( n = 257) service members. Log Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate the associations of problems with anger with PTSD and PTSD symptom severity for men and women. Self-reported anger problems were common among male (53.0%) and female (51.3%) service members. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) showed associations between anger and PTSD connected to both civilian- and deployment-related traumas (PR were 1.77 (95% CI 1.52–2.05) and 1.85 (95% CI 1.62–2.12), respectively). PTSD symptom severity was also associated with anger. This study was cross-sectional and so a causal relationship between PTSD and anger cannot be established. Problems with anger are common among male and female current Guard and Reserve members. These findings suggest that anger treatment should be made available to current service members and that clinicians should assess anger problems irrespective of gender. Future research should examine the effectiveness of anger treatment protocols by gender. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.004 |
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This study aimed to improve understanding of how anger and PTSD co-occur by examining gender differences and differences by whether the triggering traumatic event is deployment-related vs. civilian-related in current service members. A representative cohort of Reserve and National Guard service personnel ( n = 1293) were interviewed to assess for deployment- or civilian-related traumas, PTSD, and anger. The prevalence of self-reported anger problems was estimated among male ( n = 1036) and female ( n = 257) service members. Log Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate the associations of problems with anger with PTSD and PTSD symptom severity for men and women. Self-reported anger problems were common among male (53.0%) and female (51.3%) service members. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) showed associations between anger and PTSD connected to both civilian- and deployment-related traumas (PR were 1.77 (95% CI 1.52–2.05) and 1.85 (95% CI 1.62–2.12), respectively). PTSD symptom severity was also associated with anger. This study was cross-sectional and so a causal relationship between PTSD and anger cannot be established. Problems with anger are common among male and female current Guard and Reserve members. These findings suggest that anger treatment should be made available to current service members and that clinicians should assess anger problems irrespective of gender. Future research should examine the effectiveness of anger treatment protocols by gender.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3956</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1379</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24755257</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPYRA3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Anger ; Anxiety disorders. Neuroses ; Biological and medical sciences ; Female ; Gender ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Military ; Military Personnel - psychology ; Poisson Distribution ; Post-traumatic stress disorder ; Posttraumatic stress disorder ; Prevalence ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; PTSD ; Regression Analysis ; Reserves ; Service members ; Servicemen ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Factors ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology ; Symptoms ; United States ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of psychiatric research, 2014-08, Vol.55, p.52-58</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2014 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2014 Elsevier Ltd. 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This study aimed to improve understanding of how anger and PTSD co-occur by examining gender differences and differences by whether the triggering traumatic event is deployment-related vs. civilian-related in current service members. A representative cohort of Reserve and National Guard service personnel ( n = 1293) were interviewed to assess for deployment- or civilian-related traumas, PTSD, and anger. The prevalence of self-reported anger problems was estimated among male ( n = 1036) and female ( n = 257) service members. Log Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate the associations of problems with anger with PTSD and PTSD symptom severity for men and women. Self-reported anger problems were common among male (53.0%) and female (51.3%) service members. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) showed associations between anger and PTSD connected to both civilian- and deployment-related traumas (PR were 1.77 (95% CI 1.52–2.05) and 1.85 (95% CI 1.62–2.12), respectively). PTSD symptom severity was also associated with anger. This study was cross-sectional and so a causal relationship between PTSD and anger cannot be established. Problems with anger are common among male and female current Guard and Reserve members. These findings suggest that anger treatment should be made available to current service members and that clinicians should assess anger problems irrespective of gender. Future research should examine the effectiveness of anger treatment protocols by gender.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Anger</subject><subject>Anxiety disorders. Neuroses</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interviews as Topic</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Military</subject><subject>Military Personnel - psychology</subject><subject>Poisson Distribution</subject><subject>Post-traumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Posttraumatic stress disorder</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>PTSD</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Reserves</subject><subject>Service members</subject><subject>Servicemen</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Symptoms</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0022-3956</issn><issn>1879-1379</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQhiMEokvhL6BckLjs4s-NfalUKihIFUgUzpZjT1ovib3YyUr775n9oAVOG1uxEz9-x-N5q6qmZEEJXb5bLVbrsnX3IUNZMELFgmAn4kk1o6rRc8ob_bSaEcLYnGu5PKtelLIihDSMiufVGRONlEw2sypexjvI9Tqntoeh1Db6ep3KOGY7DXYMri4jBim1DyVlj2iI9WB72JMd7KdfEEzR9vX1ZLPfr3yDAnkD9S2-g4N6gKGFXF5WzzrbF3h1HM-rHx8_fL_6NL_5ev356vJm7pZLPs6t6rBpamnbCQ_a84Z30nWdYF4KUBz_SpzKFhr8Ei343aM50461wPl5dXHQXU_tAN5BxIR6s85hsHlrkg3m35UY7s1d2hhBFN5NgwJvjwI5_ZqgjGYIxUHf2whpKoZKQbUiqpGnoFgHpSU_AWVaCaaURlQdUJdTKRm6h8NTYnYmMCvzaAKzM4Eh2InAra__Tv5h45-qI_DmCNjibN9lG10oj5wSWiy1Qu79gQMs1SZANsUFiA48xnSj8SmccpqL_0RcH2LAuD9hC2WVpozWwdxNYYaY251pd56lghCK0vw3Z4vtVg</recordid><startdate>20140801</startdate><enddate>20140801</enddate><creator>Worthen, Miranda</creator><creator>Rathod, Sujit D</creator><creator>Cohen, Gregory</creator><creator>Sampson, Laura</creator><creator>Ursano, Robert</creator><creator>Gifford, Robert</creator><creator>Fullerton, Carol</creator><creator>Galea, Sandro</creator><creator>Ahern, Jennifer</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140801</creationdate><title>Anger problems and posttraumatic stress disorder in male and female National Guard and Reserve Service members</title><author>Worthen, Miranda ; Rathod, Sujit D ; Cohen, Gregory ; Sampson, Laura ; Ursano, Robert ; Gifford, Robert ; Fullerton, Carol ; Galea, Sandro ; Ahern, Jennifer</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c663t-a8f8f891a1bf4de9d373f5cff42d54e83f4d52d55be7e834beddddd9329c2be33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Anger</topic><topic>Anxiety disorders. 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Psychiatry</topic><topic>PTSD</topic><topic>Regression Analysis</topic><topic>Reserves</topic><topic>Service members</topic><topic>Servicemen</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Symptoms</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Worthen, Miranda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathod, Sujit D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Gregory</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sampson, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ursano, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gifford, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fullerton, Carol</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galea, Sandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahern, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of psychiatric research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Worthen, Miranda</au><au>Rathod, Sujit D</au><au>Cohen, Gregory</au><au>Sampson, Laura</au><au>Ursano, Robert</au><au>Gifford, Robert</au><au>Fullerton, Carol</au><au>Galea, Sandro</au><au>Ahern, Jennifer</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Anger problems and posttraumatic stress disorder in male and female National Guard and Reserve Service members</atitle><jtitle>Journal of psychiatric research</jtitle><addtitle>J Psychiatr Res</addtitle><date>2014-08-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>55</volume><spage>52</spage><epage>58</epage><pages>52-58</pages><issn>0022-3956</issn><eissn>1879-1379</eissn><coden>JPYRA3</coden><abstract>Abstract Anger is a common problem among veterans and has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to improve understanding of how anger and PTSD co-occur by examining gender differences and differences by whether the triggering traumatic event is deployment-related vs. civilian-related in current service members. A representative cohort of Reserve and National Guard service personnel ( n = 1293) were interviewed to assess for deployment- or civilian-related traumas, PTSD, and anger. The prevalence of self-reported anger problems was estimated among male ( n = 1036) and female ( n = 257) service members. Log Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate the associations of problems with anger with PTSD and PTSD symptom severity for men and women. Self-reported anger problems were common among male (53.0%) and female (51.3%) service members. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) showed associations between anger and PTSD connected to both civilian- and deployment-related traumas (PR were 1.77 (95% CI 1.52–2.05) and 1.85 (95% CI 1.62–2.12), respectively). PTSD symptom severity was also associated with anger. This study was cross-sectional and so a causal relationship between PTSD and anger cannot be established. Problems with anger are common among male and female current Guard and Reserve members. These findings suggest that anger treatment should be made available to current service members and that clinicians should assess anger problems irrespective of gender. Future research should examine the effectiveness of anger treatment protocols by gender.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>24755257</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.04.004</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Anger Anxiety disorders. Neuroses Biological and medical sciences Female Gender Humans Interviews as Topic Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Military Military Personnel - psychology Poisson Distribution Post-traumatic stress disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder Prevalence Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry PTSD Regression Analysis Reserves Service members Servicemen Severity of Illness Index Sex Factors Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology Symptoms United States Young Adult |
title | Anger problems and posttraumatic stress disorder in male and female National Guard and Reserve Service members |
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