Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) on Fitness in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Non-Controlled Trials
Background Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) appears to be an efficient and practical way to develop physical fitness. Objective Our objective was to estimate meta-analysed mean effects of HIT on aerobic power (maximum oxygen consumption [ V O 2max ] in an incremental test) and sprin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sports medicine (Auckland) 2014-07, Vol.44 (7), p.1005-1017 |
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| creator | Weston, Matthew Taylor, Kathryn L. Batterham, Alan M. Hopkins, Will G. |
| description | Background
Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) appears to be an efficient and practical way to develop physical fitness.
Objective
Our objective was to estimate meta-analysed mean effects of HIT on aerobic power (maximum oxygen consumption [
V
O
2max
] in an incremental test) and sprint fitness (peak and mean power in a 30-s Wingate test).
Data Sources
Five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, BIOSIS and Web of Science) were searched for original research articles published up to January 2014. Search terms included ‘high intensity’, ‘HIT’, ‘sprint’, ‘fitness’ and ‘
V
O
2max
’.
Study Selection
Inclusion criteria were fitness assessed pre- and post-training; training period ≥2 weeks; repetition duration 30–60 s; work/rest ratio 18 years.
Data Extraction
The final data set consisted of 55 estimates from 32 trials for
V
O
2max
, 23 estimates from 16 trials for peak sprint power, and 19 estimates from 12 trials for mean sprint power. Effects on fitness were analysed as percentages via log transformation. Standard errors calculated from exact
p
values (where reported) or imputed from errors of measurement provided appropriate weightings. Fixed effects in the meta-regression model included type of study (controlled, uncontrolled), subject characteristics (sex, training status, baseline fitness) and training parameters (number of training sessions, repetition duration, work/rest ratio). Probabilistic magnitude-based inferences for meta-analysed effects were based on standardized thresholds for small, moderate and large changes (0.2, 0.6 and 1.2, respectively) derived from between-subject standard deviations (SDs) for baseline fitness.
Results
A mean low-volume HIT protocol (13 training sessions, 0.16 work/rest ratio) in a controlled trial produced a likely moderate improvement in the
V
O
2max
of active non-athletic males (6.2 %; 90 % confidence limits ±3.1 %), when compared with control. There were possibly moderate improvements in the
V
O
2max
of sedentary males (10.0 %; ±5.1 %) and active non-athletic females (3.6 %; ±4.3 %) and a likely small increase for sedentary females (7.3 %; ±4.8 %). The effect on the
V
O
2max
of athletic males was unclear (2.7 %; ±4.6 %). A possibly moderate additional increase was likely for subjects with a 10 mL·kg
−1
·min
−1
lower baseline
V
O
2max
(3.8 %; ±2.5 %), whereas the modifying effects of sex and difference in exercise dose were u |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40279-014-0180-z |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4072920</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3493707771</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-cfdc6d7474650638c0778c293026c5f43533e2de67a7794a17567bb8ccea03513</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFUk1vEzEQtRCIhsAP4IIscSkHg7-94YAURS2JFOASuFqO15u6cuxi7xalP6G_uk5TqoCEOFhjzbx5fjN-ALwm-D3BWH0oHFM1QZjwehqMbp6AESE1QzETT8EIE0IRkZyegBelXGKMRcPpc3BCueJsQtUI3J51nbN9gamDy_QL_Uhh2Do495sLtIi9i8X3O7i_5WsT4CobH33cwNP5YvUOpgjPfR9dKdBHOG2H0JePcAq_uN6gaTRhV_w99SzFPqcQXAtNbOHXFNFRapW9CeUleNbV4F49xDH4fn62ms3R8tvnxWy6RFYw2SPbtVa2qk4gBZassVipxtIJw1Ra0XEmGHO0dVIZpSbcECWkWq8ba52payFsDD4deK-G9da11lUdJuir7Lcm73QyXv9Zif5Cb9K15ljRSV3tGJw-EOT0c3Cl11tfrAvBRJeGoolkoooRkv8fKjhh9S8Iq9C3f0Ev05DrDveElPGGkXvx5ICyOZWSXfeom2C9N4U-mEJXU-i9KfRN7XlzPPBjx28XVAA9AEotxY3LR0__k_UOb9XB8A</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1623483151</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) on Fitness in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Non-Controlled Trials</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Weston, Matthew ; Taylor, Kathryn L. ; Batterham, Alan M. ; Hopkins, Will G.</creator><creatorcontrib>Weston, Matthew ; Taylor, Kathryn L. ; Batterham, Alan M. ; Hopkins, Will G.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) appears to be an efficient and practical way to develop physical fitness.
Objective
Our objective was to estimate meta-analysed mean effects of HIT on aerobic power (maximum oxygen consumption [
V
O
2max
] in an incremental test) and sprint fitness (peak and mean power in a 30-s Wingate test).
Data Sources
Five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, BIOSIS and Web of Science) were searched for original research articles published up to January 2014. Search terms included ‘high intensity’, ‘HIT’, ‘sprint’, ‘fitness’ and ‘
V
O
2max
’.
Study Selection
Inclusion criteria were fitness assessed pre- and post-training; training period ≥2 weeks; repetition duration 30–60 s; work/rest ratio <1.0; exercise intensity described as maximal or near maximal; adult subjects aged >18 years.
Data Extraction
The final data set consisted of 55 estimates from 32 trials for
V
O
2max
, 23 estimates from 16 trials for peak sprint power, and 19 estimates from 12 trials for mean sprint power. Effects on fitness were analysed as percentages via log transformation. Standard errors calculated from exact
p
values (where reported) or imputed from errors of measurement provided appropriate weightings. Fixed effects in the meta-regression model included type of study (controlled, uncontrolled), subject characteristics (sex, training status, baseline fitness) and training parameters (number of training sessions, repetition duration, work/rest ratio). Probabilistic magnitude-based inferences for meta-analysed effects were based on standardized thresholds for small, moderate and large changes (0.2, 0.6 and 1.2, respectively) derived from between-subject standard deviations (SDs) for baseline fitness.
Results
A mean low-volume HIT protocol (13 training sessions, 0.16 work/rest ratio) in a controlled trial produced a likely moderate improvement in the
V
O
2max
of active non-athletic males (6.2 %; 90 % confidence limits ±3.1 %), when compared with control. There were possibly moderate improvements in the
V
O
2max
of sedentary males (10.0 %; ±5.1 %) and active non-athletic females (3.6 %; ±4.3 %) and a likely small increase for sedentary females (7.3 %; ±4.8 %). The effect on the
V
O
2max
of athletic males was unclear (2.7 %; ±4.6 %). A possibly moderate additional increase was likely for subjects with a 10 mL·kg
−1
·min
−1
lower baseline
V
O
2max
(3.8 %; ±2.5 %), whereas the modifying effects of sex and difference in exercise dose were unclear. The comparison of HIT with traditional endurance training was unclear (−1.6 %; ±4.3 %). Unexplained variation between studies was 2.0 % (SD). Meta-analysed effects of HIT on Wingate peak and mean power were unclear.
Conclusions
Low-volume HIT produces moderate improvements in the aerobic power of active non-athletic and sedentary subjects. More studies are needed to resolve the unclear modifying effects of sex and HIT dose on aerobic power and the unclear effects on sprint fitness.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0112-1642</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1179-2035</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0180-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24743927</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult ; Exercise ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Meta-analysis ; Muscle Strength - physiology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Education and Training - methods ; Physical Endurance - physiology ; Physical fitness ; Physical Fitness - physiology ; Running - physiology ; Sports Medicine ; Studies ; Systematic Review</subject><ispartof>Sports medicine (Auckland), 2014-07, Vol.44 (7), p.1005-1017</ispartof><rights>Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014</rights><rights>Copyright Wolters Kluwer Health Adis International Jul 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-cfdc6d7474650638c0778c293026c5f43533e2de67a7794a17567bb8ccea03513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-cfdc6d7474650638c0778c293026c5f43533e2de67a7794a17567bb8ccea03513</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40279-014-0180-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40279-014-0180-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,27926,27927,41490,42559,51321</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24743927$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Weston, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Kathryn L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batterham, Alan M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkins, Will G.</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) on Fitness in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Non-Controlled Trials</title><title>Sports medicine (Auckland)</title><addtitle>Sports Med</addtitle><addtitle>Sports Med</addtitle><description>Background
Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) appears to be an efficient and practical way to develop physical fitness.
Objective
Our objective was to estimate meta-analysed mean effects of HIT on aerobic power (maximum oxygen consumption [
V
O
2max
] in an incremental test) and sprint fitness (peak and mean power in a 30-s Wingate test).
Data Sources
Five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, BIOSIS and Web of Science) were searched for original research articles published up to January 2014. Search terms included ‘high intensity’, ‘HIT’, ‘sprint’, ‘fitness’ and ‘
V
O
2max
’.
Study Selection
Inclusion criteria were fitness assessed pre- and post-training; training period ≥2 weeks; repetition duration 30–60 s; work/rest ratio <1.0; exercise intensity described as maximal or near maximal; adult subjects aged >18 years.
Data Extraction
The final data set consisted of 55 estimates from 32 trials for
V
O
2max
, 23 estimates from 16 trials for peak sprint power, and 19 estimates from 12 trials for mean sprint power. Effects on fitness were analysed as percentages via log transformation. Standard errors calculated from exact
p
values (where reported) or imputed from errors of measurement provided appropriate weightings. Fixed effects in the meta-regression model included type of study (controlled, uncontrolled), subject characteristics (sex, training status, baseline fitness) and training parameters (number of training sessions, repetition duration, work/rest ratio). Probabilistic magnitude-based inferences for meta-analysed effects were based on standardized thresholds for small, moderate and large changes (0.2, 0.6 and 1.2, respectively) derived from between-subject standard deviations (SDs) for baseline fitness.
Results
A mean low-volume HIT protocol (13 training sessions, 0.16 work/rest ratio) in a controlled trial produced a likely moderate improvement in the
V
O
2max
of active non-athletic males (6.2 %; 90 % confidence limits ±3.1 %), when compared with control. There were possibly moderate improvements in the
V
O
2max
of sedentary males (10.0 %; ±5.1 %) and active non-athletic females (3.6 %; ±4.3 %) and a likely small increase for sedentary females (7.3 %; ±4.8 %). The effect on the
V
O
2max
of athletic males was unclear (2.7 %; ±4.6 %). A possibly moderate additional increase was likely for subjects with a 10 mL·kg
−1
·min
−1
lower baseline
V
O
2max
(3.8 %; ±2.5 %), whereas the modifying effects of sex and difference in exercise dose were unclear. The comparison of HIT with traditional endurance training was unclear (−1.6 %; ±4.3 %). Unexplained variation between studies was 2.0 % (SD). Meta-analysed effects of HIT on Wingate peak and mean power were unclear.
Conclusions
Low-volume HIT produces moderate improvements in the aerobic power of active non-athletic and sedentary subjects. More studies are needed to resolve the unclear modifying effects of sex and HIT dose on aerobic power and the unclear effects on sprint fitness.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Exercise Test</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Muscle Strength - physiology</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption</subject><subject>Physical Education and Training - methods</subject><subject>Physical Endurance - physiology</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Physical Fitness - physiology</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>Sports Medicine</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systematic Review</subject><issn>0112-1642</issn><issn>1179-2035</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUk1vEzEQtRCIhsAP4IIscSkHg7-94YAURS2JFOASuFqO15u6cuxi7xalP6G_uk5TqoCEOFhjzbx5fjN-ALwm-D3BWH0oHFM1QZjwehqMbp6AESE1QzETT8EIE0IRkZyegBelXGKMRcPpc3BCueJsQtUI3J51nbN9gamDy_QL_Uhh2Do495sLtIi9i8X3O7i_5WsT4CobH33cwNP5YvUOpgjPfR9dKdBHOG2H0JePcAq_uN6gaTRhV_w99SzFPqcQXAtNbOHXFNFRapW9CeUleNbV4F49xDH4fn62ms3R8tvnxWy6RFYw2SPbtVa2qk4gBZassVipxtIJw1Ra0XEmGHO0dVIZpSbcECWkWq8ba52payFsDD4deK-G9da11lUdJuir7Lcm73QyXv9Zif5Cb9K15ljRSV3tGJw-EOT0c3Cl11tfrAvBRJeGoolkoooRkv8fKjhh9S8Iq9C3f0Ev05DrDveElPGGkXvx5ICyOZWSXfeom2C9N4U-mEJXU-i9KfRN7XlzPPBjx28XVAA9AEotxY3LR0__k_UOb9XB8A</recordid><startdate>20140701</startdate><enddate>20140701</enddate><creator>Weston, Matthew</creator><creator>Taylor, Kathryn L.</creator><creator>Batterham, Alan M.</creator><creator>Hopkins, Will G.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140701</creationdate><title>Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) on Fitness in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Non-Controlled Trials</title><author>Weston, Matthew ; Taylor, Kathryn L. ; Batterham, Alan M. ; Hopkins, Will G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c536t-cfdc6d7474650638c0778c293026c5f43533e2de67a7794a17567bb8ccea03513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Exercise Test</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Muscle Strength - physiology</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption</topic><topic>Physical Education and Training - methods</topic><topic>Physical Endurance - physiology</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><topic>Physical Fitness - physiology</topic><topic>Running - physiology</topic><topic>Sports Medicine</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Systematic Review</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Weston, Matthew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taylor, Kathryn L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batterham, Alan M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkins, Will G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA/Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Sports medicine (Auckland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Weston, Matthew</au><au>Taylor, Kathryn L.</au><au>Batterham, Alan M.</au><au>Hopkins, Will G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) on Fitness in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Non-Controlled Trials</atitle><jtitle>Sports medicine (Auckland)</jtitle><stitle>Sports Med</stitle><addtitle>Sports Med</addtitle><date>2014-07-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1005</spage><epage>1017</epage><pages>1005-1017</pages><issn>0112-1642</issn><eissn>1179-2035</eissn><abstract>Background
Low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT) appears to be an efficient and practical way to develop physical fitness.
Objective
Our objective was to estimate meta-analysed mean effects of HIT on aerobic power (maximum oxygen consumption [
V
O
2max
] in an incremental test) and sprint fitness (peak and mean power in a 30-s Wingate test).
Data Sources
Five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, BIOSIS and Web of Science) were searched for original research articles published up to January 2014. Search terms included ‘high intensity’, ‘HIT’, ‘sprint’, ‘fitness’ and ‘
V
O
2max
’.
Study Selection
Inclusion criteria were fitness assessed pre- and post-training; training period ≥2 weeks; repetition duration 30–60 s; work/rest ratio <1.0; exercise intensity described as maximal or near maximal; adult subjects aged >18 years.
Data Extraction
The final data set consisted of 55 estimates from 32 trials for
V
O
2max
, 23 estimates from 16 trials for peak sprint power, and 19 estimates from 12 trials for mean sprint power. Effects on fitness were analysed as percentages via log transformation. Standard errors calculated from exact
p
values (where reported) or imputed from errors of measurement provided appropriate weightings. Fixed effects in the meta-regression model included type of study (controlled, uncontrolled), subject characteristics (sex, training status, baseline fitness) and training parameters (number of training sessions, repetition duration, work/rest ratio). Probabilistic magnitude-based inferences for meta-analysed effects were based on standardized thresholds for small, moderate and large changes (0.2, 0.6 and 1.2, respectively) derived from between-subject standard deviations (SDs) for baseline fitness.
Results
A mean low-volume HIT protocol (13 training sessions, 0.16 work/rest ratio) in a controlled trial produced a likely moderate improvement in the
V
O
2max
of active non-athletic males (6.2 %; 90 % confidence limits ±3.1 %), when compared with control. There were possibly moderate improvements in the
V
O
2max
of sedentary males (10.0 %; ±5.1 %) and active non-athletic females (3.6 %; ±4.3 %) and a likely small increase for sedentary females (7.3 %; ±4.8 %). The effect on the
V
O
2max
of athletic males was unclear (2.7 %; ±4.6 %). A possibly moderate additional increase was likely for subjects with a 10 mL·kg
−1
·min
−1
lower baseline
V
O
2max
(3.8 %; ±2.5 %), whereas the modifying effects of sex and difference in exercise dose were unclear. The comparison of HIT with traditional endurance training was unclear (−1.6 %; ±4.3 %). Unexplained variation between studies was 2.0 % (SD). Meta-analysed effects of HIT on Wingate peak and mean power were unclear.
Conclusions
Low-volume HIT produces moderate improvements in the aerobic power of active non-athletic and sedentary subjects. More studies are needed to resolve the unclear modifying effects of sex and HIT dose on aerobic power and the unclear effects on sprint fitness.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>24743927</pmid><doi>10.1007/s40279-014-0180-z</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0112-1642 |
| ispartof | Sports medicine (Auckland), 2014-07, Vol.44 (7), p.1005-1017 |
| issn | 0112-1642 1179-2035 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4072920 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Adult Exercise Exercise Test Humans Medicine Medicine & Public Health Meta-analysis Muscle Strength - physiology Oxygen Consumption Physical Education and Training - methods Physical Endurance - physiology Physical fitness Physical Fitness - physiology Running - physiology Sports Medicine Studies Systematic Review |
| title | Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) on Fitness in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Non-Controlled Trials |
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