Villification: How the Gut Gets Its Villi

The villi of the human and chick gut are formed in similar stepwise progressions, wherein the mesenchyme and attached epithelium first fold into longitudinal ridges, then a zigzag pattern, and lastly individual villi. We find that these steps of vilification depend on the sequential differentiation...

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Veröffentlicht in:Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2013-10, Vol.342 (6155), p.212-218
Hauptverfasser: Shyer, Amy E., Tallinen, Tuomas, Nerurkar, Nandan L., Wei, Zhiyan, Gil, Eun Seok, Kaplan, David L., Tabin, Clifford J., Mahadevan, L.
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container_end_page 218
container_issue 6155
container_start_page 212
container_title Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)
container_volume 342
creator Shyer, Amy E.
Tallinen, Tuomas
Nerurkar, Nandan L.
Wei, Zhiyan
Gil, Eun Seok
Kaplan, David L.
Tabin, Clifford J.
Mahadevan, L.
description The villi of the human and chick gut are formed in similar stepwise progressions, wherein the mesenchyme and attached epithelium first fold into longitudinal ridges, then a zigzag pattern, and lastly individual villi. We find that these steps of vilification depend on the sequential differentiation of the distinct smooth muscle layers of the girt, which restrict the expansion of the growing endoderm and mesenchyme, generating compressive stresses that lead to their buckling and folding. A quantitative computational model, incorporating measured properties of the developing gut recapitulates the morphological patterns seen during villification in a variety of species. These results provide a mechanistic understanding of the formation of these elaborations of the lining of the gut, essential for providing sufficient surface area for nutrient absorption.
doi_str_mv 10.1126/science.1238842
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subjects Absorption
Animals
Buckling
Chick Embryo
Chicks
Circles
Circumferences
Compressive properties
Developmental biology
Diameters
digestive system
Endoderm
Endoderm - growth & development
Folding
Gastrointestinal Tract - embryology
Gastrointestinal Tract - ultrastructure
Humans
Individualized Instruction
Large intestine
Lumens
Mesoderm - growth & development
Mice
Models, Biological
Morphogenesis
Muscle, Smooth - embryology
Muscles
Progressions
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ridges
Scientific Concepts
Simulations
Small intestine
Smooth muscle
Surface area
Tissues
Villi
Xenopus
title Villification: How the Gut Gets Its Villi
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