Novel, fast and efficient image-based 3D modeling method and its application in fracture risk evaluation

Constructing models based on computed tomography images for finite element analysis (FEA) is challenging under pathological conditions. In the present study, an innovative method was introduced that uses Siemens syngo® 3D software for processing models and Mimics software for further modeling. Compared with the slice-by-slice traditional manual margin discrimination, the new 3D modeling method utilizes automatic tissue margin determination and 3D cutting using syngo software. The modeling morphologies of the two methods were similar; however, the 3D modeling method was 8-10 times faster than the traditional method, particularly in cases with osteoporosis and osteophytes. A comparative FEA study of the lumbar spines of young and elderly patients, on the basis of the models constructed by the 3D modeling method, showed peak stress elevation in the vertebrae of elderly patients. Stress distribution was homogeneous in the entire vertebrae of young individuals. By contrast, stress redistribution in the vertebrae of the elderly was concentrated in the anterior cortex of the vertebrae, which explains the high fracture risk mechanism in elderly individuals. In summary, the new 3D modeling method is highly efficient, accurate and faster than traditional methods. The method also allows reliable FEA in pathological cases with osteoporosis and osteophytes.