Global Metabolic Response of Enterococcus faecalis to Oxygen

Oxygen and oxidative stress have become relevant components in clarifying the mechanism that weakens bacterial cells in parallel to the mode of action of bactericidal antibiotics. Given the importance of oxidative stress in the overall defense mechanism of bacteria and their apparent role in the ant...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of bacteriology 2014-06, Vol.196 (11), p.2012-2022
Hauptverfasser: Portela, Carla A. F, Smart, Kathleen F, Tumanov, Sergey, Cook, Gregory M, Villas-Bôas, Silas G
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container_end_page 2022
container_issue 11
container_start_page 2012
container_title Journal of bacteriology
container_volume 196
creator Portela, Carla A. F
Smart, Kathleen F
Tumanov, Sergey
Cook, Gregory M
Villas-Bôas, Silas G
description Oxygen and oxidative stress have become relevant components in clarifying the mechanism that weakens bacterial cells in parallel to the mode of action of bactericidal antibiotics. Given the importance of oxidative stress in the overall defense mechanism of bacteria and their apparent role in the antimicrobial mode of action, it is important to understand how bacteria respond to this stress at a metabolic level. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of oxygen on the metabolism of the facultative anaerobe Enterococcus faecalis using continuous culture, metabolomics, and 13C enrichment of metabolic intermediates. When E. faecalis was rapidly transitioned from anaerobic to aerobic growth, cellular metabolism was directed toward intracellular glutathione production and glycolysis was upregulated 2-fold, which increased the supply of critical metabolite precursors (e.g., glycine and glutamate) for sulfur metabolism and glutathione biosynthesis as well as reducing power for cellular respiration in the presence of hemin. The ultimate metabolic response of E. faecalis to an aerobic environment was the upregulation of fatty acid metabolism and benzoate degradation, which was linked to important changes in the bacterial membrane composition as evidenced by changes in membrane fatty acid composition and the reduction of membrane-associated demethylmenaquinone. These key metabolic pathways associated with the response of E. faecalis to oxygen may represent potential new targets to increase the susceptibility of this bacterium to bactericidal drugs.
doi_str_mv 10.1128/JB.01354-13
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subjects Aerobiosis
Anaerobiosis
antibiotics
bacteria
Bacteriology
biochemical pathways
biosynthesis
cell respiration
Defense mechanisms
drugs
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecalis - drug effects
Enterococcus faecalis - genetics
Enterococcus faecalis - metabolism
fatty acid composition
fatty acid metabolism
Fatty Acids - biosynthesis
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial - drug effects
glutamic acid
glutathione
glycolysis
mechanism of action
Metabolism
metabolites
Metabolomics
Oxidative stress
oxygen
Oxygen - pharmacology
Science & Technology
Stress response
sulfur
Transcriptome
Up-Regulation
Vitamin K 2 - analogs & derivatives
Vitamin K 2 - metabolism
title Global Metabolic Response of Enterococcus faecalis to Oxygen
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