The epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis in Northern Scotland: a decreasing incidence and winter peak
Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is almost ubiquitous in humans and generally occurs at two ages: infantile, which is usually asymptomatic and associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions, and adolescent, which causes infectious mononucleosis (IM) in ~25% cases. The determinants of whether...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMC infectious diseases 2014-03, Vol.14 (1), p.151-151, Article 151 |
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| creator | Visser, Elizabeth Milne, Denis Collacott, Ian McLernon, David Counsell, Carl Vickers, Mark |
| description | Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is almost ubiquitous in humans and generally occurs at two ages: infantile, which is usually asymptomatic and associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions, and adolescent, which causes infectious mononucleosis (IM) in ~25% cases. The determinants of whether the infection causes IM remain uncertain. We aimed to evaluate seasonality and temporal trends in IM.
Data from all Monospot tests, used as a marker for IM, were collected from the Grampian population over 16 years.
Positive Monospot test results peaked at 17 years in females and 19 in males. Females had 16% more diagnoses, although 55% more tests. IM was ~38% more common in winter than summer. The annual rate of positive tests decreased progressively over the study period, from 174/100 000 (95% CI 171-178) in 1997 to 67/100 000 (95% CI 65-69) in 2012.
IM appears to be decreasing in incidence, which may be caused by changing environmental influences on immune systems. One such factor may be exposure to sunlight.Words 168.
The Medical Research Council and NHS Grampian-MS endowments. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/1471-2334-14-151 |
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Data from all Monospot tests, used as a marker for IM, were collected from the Grampian population over 16 years.
Positive Monospot test results peaked at 17 years in females and 19 in males. Females had 16% more diagnoses, although 55% more tests. IM was ~38% more common in winter than summer. The annual rate of positive tests decreased progressively over the study period, from 174/100 000 (95% CI 171-178) in 1997 to 67/100 000 (95% CI 65-69) in 2012.
IM appears to be decreasing in incidence, which may be caused by changing environmental influences on immune systems. One such factor may be exposure to sunlight.Words 168.
The Medical Research Council and NHS Grampian-MS endowments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-2334</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2334</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-151</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24650116</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Confidence intervals ; Epidemiology ; Epstein-Barr virus ; Female ; Forecasts and trends ; Gender ; Health aspects ; Health sciences ; Hematology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human - isolation & purification ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Infectious Mononucleosis - diagnosis ; Infectious Mononucleosis - epidemiology ; Infectious Mononucleosis - virology ; Latex Fixation Tests ; Life sciences ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Middle Aged ; Mononucleosis ; Population ; Scotland - epidemiology ; Seasons ; Serology ; Trends ; Vitamin D ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>BMC infectious diseases, 2014-03, Vol.14 (1), p.151-151, Article 151</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2014 Visser et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Visser et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Visser et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-eaec3539a8e989436e4ecb2a78a088f43dfac3803507402af3058c7fc540e45d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-eaec3539a8e989436e4ecb2a78a088f43dfac3803507402af3058c7fc540e45d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999936/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999936/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650116$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Visser, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milne, Denis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collacott, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLernon, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Counsell, Carl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vickers, Mark</creatorcontrib><title>The epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis in Northern Scotland: a decreasing incidence and winter peak</title><title>BMC infectious diseases</title><addtitle>BMC Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is almost ubiquitous in humans and generally occurs at two ages: infantile, which is usually asymptomatic and associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions, and adolescent, which causes infectious mononucleosis (IM) in ~25% cases. The determinants of whether the infection causes IM remain uncertain. We aimed to evaluate seasonality and temporal trends in IM.
Data from all Monospot tests, used as a marker for IM, were collected from the Grampian population over 16 years.
Positive Monospot test results peaked at 17 years in females and 19 in males. Females had 16% more diagnoses, although 55% more tests. IM was ~38% more common in winter than summer. The annual rate of positive tests decreased progressively over the study period, from 174/100 000 (95% CI 171-178) in 1997 to 67/100 000 (95% CI 65-69) in 2012.
IM appears to be decreasing in incidence, which may be caused by changing environmental influences on immune systems. One such factor may be exposure to sunlight.Words 168.
The Medical Research Council and NHS Grampian-MS endowments.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Epstein-Barr virus</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forecasts and trends</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 4, Human - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Infectious Mononucleosis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Infectious Mononucleosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Infectious Mononucleosis - virology</subject><subject>Latex Fixation Tests</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Lymphoma</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mononucleosis</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Scotland - epidemiology</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1471-2334</issn><issn>1471-2334</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkkFv1TAMxysEYmNw54QicYFDt6RJ2pQD0jQBmzRtEhtcoyx1-zLa5JGkwL49rrY99hAHkkix7J__kR0XxUtG9xlT9QETDSsrzkXJ8Ej2qNjduB4_sHeKZyldU8oaVbVPi51K1JIyVu8W7nIFBNaug8mFMQw3JPTE-R5sdmFOZAo--NmOEJJLGCBnIeYVRE8ubMij8d07YkgHNoJJzg-IWBTzFgjGyE_nM0SyBvPtefGkN2OCF3f3XvHl44fLo-Py9PzTydHhaWllW-USDFgueWsUtKoVvAYB9qoyjTJUqV7wrjeWK8olbQStTM-pVLbprRQUhOz4XvH-Vnc9X03QWfA5mlGvo5tMvNHBOL0d8W6lh_BD8xYXr1HgzZ1ADN9nSFlPLlkYsVjAlmgmKyFYxVmL6Ou_0OswR4_lIcWaVgnB6R9qMCNobG7Ad-0iqg-xUtkI1Sqk9v9B4V6-xgYPvUP_VsLbrQRkMvzKg5lT0icXn_-fPf-6zdJb1saQUoR-0ztG9TJ2epkrvcwVWkuhmPLqYc83Cfdzxn8DJ_TQ4g</recordid><startdate>20140320</startdate><enddate>20140320</enddate><creator>Visser, Elizabeth</creator><creator>Milne, Denis</creator><creator>Collacott, Ian</creator><creator>McLernon, David</creator><creator>Counsell, Carl</creator><creator>Vickers, Mark</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140320</creationdate><title>The epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis in Northern Scotland: a decreasing incidence and winter peak</title><author>Visser, Elizabeth ; Milne, Denis ; Collacott, Ian ; McLernon, David ; Counsell, Carl ; Vickers, Mark</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c592t-eaec3539a8e989436e4ecb2a78a088f43dfac3803507402af3058c7fc540e45d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Epstein-Barr virus</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forecasts and trends</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health sciences</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 4, Human - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Infectious Mononucleosis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Infectious Mononucleosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Infectious Mononucleosis - virology</topic><topic>Latex Fixation Tests</topic><topic>Life sciences</topic><topic>Lymphoma</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mononucleosis</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Scotland - epidemiology</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Serology</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Visser, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milne, Denis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collacott, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McLernon, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Counsell, Carl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vickers, Mark</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMC infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Visser, Elizabeth</au><au>Milne, Denis</au><au>Collacott, Ian</au><au>McLernon, David</au><au>Counsell, Carl</au><au>Vickers, Mark</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis in Northern Scotland: a decreasing incidence and winter peak</atitle><jtitle>BMC infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2014-03-20</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>151</spage><epage>151</epage><pages>151-151</pages><artnum>151</artnum><issn>1471-2334</issn><eissn>1471-2334</eissn><abstract>Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is almost ubiquitous in humans and generally occurs at two ages: infantile, which is usually asymptomatic and associated with poorer socioeconomic conditions, and adolescent, which causes infectious mononucleosis (IM) in ~25% cases. The determinants of whether the infection causes IM remain uncertain. We aimed to evaluate seasonality and temporal trends in IM.
Data from all Monospot tests, used as a marker for IM, were collected from the Grampian population over 16 years.
Positive Monospot test results peaked at 17 years in females and 19 in males. Females had 16% more diagnoses, although 55% more tests. IM was ~38% more common in winter than summer. The annual rate of positive tests decreased progressively over the study period, from 174/100 000 (95% CI 171-178) in 1997 to 67/100 000 (95% CI 65-69) in 2012.
IM appears to be decreasing in incidence, which may be caused by changing environmental influences on immune systems. One such factor may be exposure to sunlight.Words 168.
The Medical Research Council and NHS Grampian-MS endowments.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>24650116</pmid><doi>10.1186/1471-2334-14-151</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Antigens Child Child, Preschool Confidence intervals Epidemiology Epstein-Barr virus Female Forecasts and trends Gender Health aspects Health sciences Hematology Herpesvirus 4, Human - isolation & purification Humans Incidence Infant Infections Infectious diseases Infectious Mononucleosis - diagnosis Infectious Mononucleosis - epidemiology Infectious Mononucleosis - virology Latex Fixation Tests Life sciences Lymphoma Male Medical research Medicine, Experimental Middle Aged Mononucleosis Population Scotland - epidemiology Seasons Serology Trends Vitamin D Young Adult |
| title | The epidemiology of infectious mononucleosis in Northern Scotland: a decreasing incidence and winter peak |
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