Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women
Prospective studies have examined the association of serum and plasma carotenoids and micronutrients and breast cancer; however, to date, studies have only assessed exposure at one point in time. This study analyzed baseline and repeated serum measurements of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of clinical nutrition 2009-07, Vol.90 (1), p.162-169 |
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| creator | Kabat, Geoffrey C Kim, Mimi Adams-Campbell, Lucile L Caan, Bette J Chlebowski, Rowan T Neuhouser, Marian L Shikany, James M Rohan, Thomas E |
| description | Prospective studies have examined the association of serum and plasma carotenoids and micronutrients and breast cancer; however, to date, studies have only assessed exposure at one point in time.
This study analyzed baseline and repeated serum measurements of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols to assess their associations with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
Serum concentrations ofα-carotene,β-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol,α-tocopherol, andγ-tocopherol were measured in a 6% sample of women in the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trials at baseline and at years 1, 3, and 6 and in a 1% sample of women in the observational study at baseline and at year 3. The association of baseline compounds and breast cancer risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. In addition, repeated measurements were analyzed as time-dependent covariates. Of 5450 women with baseline measurements, 190 incident cases of breast cancer were ascertained over a median of 8.0 y of follow-up.
After multivariable adjustment, risk of invasive breast cancer was inversely associated with baseline serumα-carotene concentrations (hazard ratio for highest compared with the lowest tertile: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.90;P = 0.02) and positively associated with baseline lycopene (hazard ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.22;P = 0.06). Analysis of repeated measurements indicated thatα-carotene andβ-carotene were inversely associated with breast cancer and thatγ-tocopherol was associated with increased risk.
The present study, which was the first to assess repeated measurements of serum carotenoids and micronutrients in relation to breast cancer, adds to the evidence of an inverse association of specific carotenoids with breast cancer. The positive associations observed for lycopene andγ-tocopherol require confirmation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27568 |
| format | Article |
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This study analyzed baseline and repeated serum measurements of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols to assess their associations with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
Serum concentrations ofα-carotene,β-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol,α-tocopherol, andγ-tocopherol were measured in a 6% sample of women in the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trials at baseline and at years 1, 3, and 6 and in a 1% sample of women in the observational study at baseline and at year 3. The association of baseline compounds and breast cancer risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. In addition, repeated measurements were analyzed as time-dependent covariates. Of 5450 women with baseline measurements, 190 incident cases of breast cancer were ascertained over a median of 8.0 y of follow-up.
After multivariable adjustment, risk of invasive breast cancer was inversely associated with baseline serumα-carotene concentrations (hazard ratio for highest compared with the lowest tertile: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.90;P = 0.02) and positively associated with baseline lycopene (hazard ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.22;P = 0.06). Analysis of repeated measurements indicated thatα-carotene andβ-carotene were inversely associated with breast cancer and thatγ-tocopherol was associated with increased risk.
The present study, which was the first to assess repeated measurements of serum carotenoids and micronutrients in relation to breast cancer, adds to the evidence of an inverse association of specific carotenoids with breast cancer. The positive associations observed for lycopene andγ-tocopherol require confirmation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3207</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27568</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19474140</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJCNAC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Antioxidants ; beta Carotene - blood ; Biological and medical sciences ; blood composition ; blood plasma ; blood serum ; Breast cancer ; breast neoplasms ; Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control ; Cancer ; carotenoids ; Carotenoids - blood ; Clinical trials ; diet-related diseases ; elderly ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; gamma-Tocopherol - blood ; human nutrition ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Studies ; Lycopene ; mammary neoplasms (animal) ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Original Research Communications ; Postmenopause ; quantitative analysis ; risk assessment ; Risk Factors ; Studies ; tocopherols ; Tocopherols - blood ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; vitamin A ; Vitamin A - blood ; women ; Women's Health Initiative ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2009-07, Vol.90 (1), p.162-169</ispartof><rights>2009 American Society for Nutrition.</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. Jul 1, 2009</rights><rights>2009 American Society for Nutrition 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-b05ff7a9ea963055dad5c8129f61dc60e63a0c9fa48901619d3062bed8f34b563</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-b05ff7a9ea963055dad5c8129f61dc60e63a0c9fa48901619d3062bed8f34b563</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21684035$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19474140$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kabat, Geoffrey C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Mimi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adams-Campbell, Lucile L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caan, Bette J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chlebowski, Rowan T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neuhouser, Marian L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shikany, James M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rohan, Thomas E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WHI Investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women</title><title>The American journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Prospective studies have examined the association of serum and plasma carotenoids and micronutrients and breast cancer; however, to date, studies have only assessed exposure at one point in time.
This study analyzed baseline and repeated serum measurements of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols to assess their associations with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
Serum concentrations ofα-carotene,β-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol,α-tocopherol, andγ-tocopherol were measured in a 6% sample of women in the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trials at baseline and at years 1, 3, and 6 and in a 1% sample of women in the observational study at baseline and at year 3. The association of baseline compounds and breast cancer risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. In addition, repeated measurements were analyzed as time-dependent covariates. Of 5450 women with baseline measurements, 190 incident cases of breast cancer were ascertained over a median of 8.0 y of follow-up.
After multivariable adjustment, risk of invasive breast cancer was inversely associated with baseline serumα-carotene concentrations (hazard ratio for highest compared with the lowest tertile: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.90;P = 0.02) and positively associated with baseline lycopene (hazard ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.22;P = 0.06). Analysis of repeated measurements indicated thatα-carotene andβ-carotene were inversely associated with breast cancer and thatγ-tocopherol was associated with increased risk.
The present study, which was the first to assess repeated measurements of serum carotenoids and micronutrients in relation to breast cancer, adds to the evidence of an inverse association of specific carotenoids with breast cancer. The positive associations observed for lycopene andγ-tocopherol require confirmation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>beta Carotene - blood</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>blood composition</subject><subject>blood plasma</subject><subject>blood serum</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>breast neoplasms</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>carotenoids</subject><subject>Carotenoids - blood</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>diet-related diseases</subject><subject>elderly</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>gamma-Tocopherol - blood</subject><subject>human nutrition</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Lycopene</subject><subject>mammary neoplasms (animal)</subject><subject>Menopause</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Original Research Communications</subject><subject>Postmenopause</subject><subject>quantitative analysis</subject><subject>risk assessment</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>tocopherols</subject><subject>Tocopherols - blood</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>vitamin A</subject><subject>Vitamin A - blood</subject><subject>women</subject><subject>Women's Health Initiative</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>0002-9165</issn><issn>1938-3207</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kUtv1DAURiMEokNhzQ4sJFh1pn7ETryphCpe0kgsoGvLsZ2ph8QebKeov4E_zU0zKg-JlW35-LvX91TVc4I3TNb8XO9N2FCM5YY2XLQPqhWRrF0zipuH1QpjTNeSCH5SPcl5jzGhdSseVydE1k1Naryqfm5j2PkyWR_0gDJsblHsUXZpGpHRKRYXordnKLniQxzOkA4WlWji4dqlOCATg3GhJF18DBn5AORwdwAKdcnpXCAIoISSz9-QHqEiOsRcRog-6ClD4R8RDk-rR70esnt2XE-rq_fvvl5-XG8_f_h0-Xa7NpzSsu4w7_tGS6elYJhzqy03LaGyF8QagZ1gGhvZ67qVmAgiLcOCds62Pas7LthpdbHkHqZudHZpf1CH5EedblXUXv19E_y12sUbxWTbtIRBwJtjQIrfJ5eLGn02bhh0cHHKSjRAsoYD-OofcB-nBJPOijIwJVtaA3S-QCbFnJPr7zshWM2W1WxZzZbVnWV48eLPD_zmj1oBeH0EdDZ66BPM3-d7jhLRAjX393Lheh2V3oEfdfWFYsJgbnXNm7mUXAgHQm68Syob78Cm9cmZomz0_23zF8LK0UY</recordid><startdate>20090701</startdate><enddate>20090701</enddate><creator>Kabat, Geoffrey C</creator><creator>Kim, Mimi</creator><creator>Adams-Campbell, Lucile L</creator><creator>Caan, Bette J</creator><creator>Chlebowski, Rowan T</creator><creator>Neuhouser, Marian L</creator><creator>Shikany, James M</creator><creator>Rohan, Thomas E</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090701</creationdate><title>Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women</title><author>Kabat, Geoffrey C ; Kim, Mimi ; Adams-Campbell, Lucile L ; Caan, Bette J ; Chlebowski, Rowan T ; Neuhouser, Marian L ; Shikany, James M ; Rohan, Thomas E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c522t-b05ff7a9ea963055dad5c8129f61dc60e63a0c9fa48901619d3062bed8f34b563</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>beta Carotene - blood</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>blood composition</topic><topic>blood plasma</topic><topic>blood serum</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>breast neoplasms</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>carotenoids</topic><topic>Carotenoids - blood</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>diet-related diseases</topic><topic>elderly</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>gamma-Tocopherol - blood</topic><topic>human nutrition</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Lycopene</topic><topic>mammary neoplasms (animal)</topic><topic>Menopause</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>Original Research Communications</topic><topic>Postmenopause</topic><topic>quantitative analysis</topic><topic>risk assessment</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>tocopherols</topic><topic>Tocopherols - blood</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>vitamin A</topic><topic>Vitamin A - blood</topic><topic>women</topic><topic>Women's Health Initiative</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kabat, Geoffrey C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Mimi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adams-Campbell, Lucile L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caan, Bette J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chlebowski, Rowan T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neuhouser, Marian L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shikany, James M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rohan, Thomas E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WHI Investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kabat, Geoffrey C</au><au>Kim, Mimi</au><au>Adams-Campbell, Lucile L</au><au>Caan, Bette J</au><au>Chlebowski, Rowan T</au><au>Neuhouser, Marian L</au><au>Shikany, James M</au><au>Rohan, Thomas E</au><aucorp>WHI Investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2009-07-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>162</spage><epage>169</epage><pages>162-169</pages><issn>0002-9165</issn><eissn>1938-3207</eissn><coden>AJCNAC</coden><abstract>Prospective studies have examined the association of serum and plasma carotenoids and micronutrients and breast cancer; however, to date, studies have only assessed exposure at one point in time.
This study analyzed baseline and repeated serum measurements of carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols to assess their associations with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.
Serum concentrations ofα-carotene,β-carotene,β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, retinol,α-tocopherol, andγ-tocopherol were measured in a 6% sample of women in the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trials at baseline and at years 1, 3, and 6 and in a 1% sample of women in the observational study at baseline and at year 3. The association of baseline compounds and breast cancer risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. In addition, repeated measurements were analyzed as time-dependent covariates. Of 5450 women with baseline measurements, 190 incident cases of breast cancer were ascertained over a median of 8.0 y of follow-up.
After multivariable adjustment, risk of invasive breast cancer was inversely associated with baseline serumα-carotene concentrations (hazard ratio for highest compared with the lowest tertile: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.90;P = 0.02) and positively associated with baseline lycopene (hazard ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.22;P = 0.06). Analysis of repeated measurements indicated thatα-carotene andβ-carotene were inversely associated with breast cancer and thatγ-tocopherol was associated with increased risk.
The present study, which was the first to assess repeated measurements of serum carotenoids and micronutrients in relation to breast cancer, adds to the evidence of an inverse association of specific carotenoids with breast cancer. The positive associations observed for lycopene andγ-tocopherol require confirmation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>19474140</pmid><doi>10.3945/ajcn.2009.27568</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Antioxidants beta Carotene - blood Biological and medical sciences blood composition blood plasma blood serum Breast cancer breast neoplasms Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control Cancer carotenoids Carotenoids - blood Clinical trials diet-related diseases elderly Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Follow-Up Studies Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gamma-Tocopherol - blood human nutrition Humans Incidence Longitudinal Studies Lycopene mammary neoplasms (animal) Menopause Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Original Research Communications Postmenopause quantitative analysis risk assessment Risk Factors Studies tocopherols Tocopherols - blood Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems vitamin A Vitamin A - blood women Women's Health Initiative Womens health |
| title | Longitudinal study of serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations in relation to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women |
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