Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys
Objectives To quantify global consumption of key dietary fats and oils by country, age, and sex in 1990 and 2010. Design Data were identified, obtained, and assessed among adults in 16 age- and sex-specific groups from dietary surveys worldwide on saturated, omega 6, seafood omega 3, plant omega 3,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMJ (Online) 2014-04, Vol.348 (7954), p.g2272-g2272 |
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| creator | Micha, Renata Khatibzadeh, Shahab Shi, Peilin Fahimi, Saman Lim, Stephen Andrews, Kathryn G Engell, Rebecca E Powles, John Ezzati, Majid Mozaffarian, Dariush |
| description | Objectives To quantify global consumption of key dietary fats and oils by country, age, and sex in 1990 and 2010. Design Data were identified, obtained, and assessed among adults in 16 age- and sex-specific groups from dietary surveys worldwide on saturated, omega 6, seafood omega 3, plant omega 3, and trans fats, and dietary cholesterol. We included 266 surveys in adults (83% nationally representative) comprising 1 630 069 unique individuals, representing 113 of 187 countries and 82% of the global population. A multilevel hierarchical Bayesian model accounted for differences in national and regional levels of missing data, measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modelling uncertainty. Setting and population Global adult population, by age, sex, country, and time. Results In 2010, global saturated fat consumption was 9.4%E (95%UI=9.2 to 9.5); country-specific intakes varied dramatically from 2.3 to 27.5%E; in 75 of 187 countries representing 61.8% of the world’s adult population, the mean intake was |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmj.g2272 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3987052</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>26514444</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>26514444</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b581t-e53b6136d965b59037514b046ccb17278bf86a7e9cb84a34cf7c5c53936a5e7c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNktuK1TAUhosozmacCx9ACeiFgh1zaE5eCMOgozDgjV6XNE232bTJNmk39Hl80VntHscDKOYmh__jX1mLvygeE3xOCBOvm2F3vqVU0nvFhkguSqIYu19ssOa6VISpk-Is5x3GmDKptOAPixNaSSYoFpvi-1UfG9O_QsltfQzLyYQWBTOuN2RjyNOwX26odwfXZxQ71Ho3mjSjzox55aMHwQdEtMbrA8UEv0EG5TmPbgA3C8-mn7NfONtPrQ9bRIWAClMY01zmvbO-Ay5MY_JrwTylg5vzo-JBZ_rszm730-LL-3efLz-U15-uPl5eXJcNV2QsHWeNgIm00GPDNWaSk6rBlbC2IZJK1XRKGOm0bVRlWGU7abnlTDNhuJOWnRZvj777qRlcax38y_T1PvkBmq2j8fXvSvBf62081EwriTkFgxe3Bil-m1we68Fn6_reBBenXBNeES05U_g_UCKZ1poxQJ_9ge7ilGCYQMllMQLsvyhOeSUgGhyol0fKpphzct1ddwTXS5xqiFO9xgnYp7-O4478ER4AnhyBXR5j-qkLmDss0J8f9cXz73VuANO42vk</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1777773117</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys</title><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><creator>Micha, Renata ; Khatibzadeh, Shahab ; Shi, Peilin ; Fahimi, Saman ; Lim, Stephen ; Andrews, Kathryn G ; Engell, Rebecca E ; Powles, John ; Ezzati, Majid ; Mozaffarian, Dariush</creator><creatorcontrib>Micha, Renata ; Khatibzadeh, Shahab ; Shi, Peilin ; Fahimi, Saman ; Lim, Stephen ; Andrews, Kathryn G ; Engell, Rebecca E ; Powles, John ; Ezzati, Majid ; Mozaffarian, Dariush ; Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE) ; Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group NutriCoDE ; on behalf of the Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives To quantify global consumption of key dietary fats and oils by country, age, and sex in 1990 and 2010. Design Data were identified, obtained, and assessed among adults in 16 age- and sex-specific groups from dietary surveys worldwide on saturated, omega 6, seafood omega 3, plant omega 3, and trans fats, and dietary cholesterol. We included 266 surveys in adults (83% nationally representative) comprising 1 630 069 unique individuals, representing 113 of 187 countries and 82% of the global population. A multilevel hierarchical Bayesian model accounted for differences in national and regional levels of missing data, measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modelling uncertainty. Setting and population Global adult population, by age, sex, country, and time. Results In 2010, global saturated fat consumption was 9.4%E (95%UI=9.2 to 9.5); country-specific intakes varied dramatically from 2.3 to 27.5%E; in 75 of 187 countries representing 61.8% of the world’s adult population, the mean intake was <10%E. Country-specific omega 6 consumption ranged from 1.2 to 12.5%E (global mean=5.9%E); corresponding range was 0.2 to 6.5%E (1.4%E) for trans fat; 97 to 440 mg/day (228 mg/day) for dietary cholesterol; 5 to 3,886 mg/day (163 mg/day) for seafood omega 3; and <100 to 5,542 mg/day (1,371 mg/day) for plant omega 3. Countries representing 52.4% of the global population had national mean intakes for omega 6 fat ≥5%E; corresponding proportions meeting optimal intakes were 0.6% for trans fat (≤0.5%E); 87.6% for dietary cholesterol (<300 mg/day); 18.9% for seafood omega 3 fat (≥250 mg/day); and 43.9% for plant omega 3 fat (≥1,100 mg/day). Trans fat intakes were generally higher at younger ages; and dietary cholesterol and seafood omega 3 fats generally higher at older ages. Intakes were similar by sex. Between 1990 and 2010, global saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, and trans fat intakes remained stable, while omega 6, seafood omega 3, and plant omega 3 fat intakes each increased. Conclusions These novel global data on dietary fats and oils identify dramatic diversity across nations and inform policies and priorities for improving global health.</description><edition>International edition</edition><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8138</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1756-1833</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8146</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1756-1833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g2272</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24736206</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BMJOAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adult ; Age ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bayesian analysis ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage ; Chronic illnesses ; Consumption ; Diet - statistics & numerical data ; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage ; Diversity ; Fats ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - administration & dosage ; Female ; Global Health - statistics & numerical data ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Male ; Medical research ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Nutrition ; Nutrition Surveys - statistics & numerical data ; Oils ; Oils & fats ; Polls & surveys ; Seafood ; Sex ; Sex Factors ; Studies ; Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage ; Young Adult]]></subject><ispartof>BMJ (Online), 2014-04, Vol.348 (7954), p.g2272-g2272</ispartof><rights>Micha et al 2014</rights><rights>Copyright BMJ Publishing Group Apr 19, 2014</rights><rights>Copyright: 2014 © Micha et al 2014</rights><rights>Micha et al 2014 2014 Micha et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b581t-e53b6136d965b59037514b046ccb17278bf86a7e9cb84a34cf7c5c53936a5e7c3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2272.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2272.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,230,314,776,780,799,881,3183,23550,27901,27902,30976,30977,57992,58225,77342,77373</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24736206$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Micha, Renata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khatibzadeh, Shahab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Peilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fahimi, Saman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrews, Kathryn G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engell, Rebecca E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Powles, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezzati, Majid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mozaffarian, Dariush</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group NutriCoDE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)</creatorcontrib><title>Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys</title><title>BMJ (Online)</title><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><description>Objectives To quantify global consumption of key dietary fats and oils by country, age, and sex in 1990 and 2010. Design Data were identified, obtained, and assessed among adults in 16 age- and sex-specific groups from dietary surveys worldwide on saturated, omega 6, seafood omega 3, plant omega 3, and trans fats, and dietary cholesterol. We included 266 surveys in adults (83% nationally representative) comprising 1 630 069 unique individuals, representing 113 of 187 countries and 82% of the global population. A multilevel hierarchical Bayesian model accounted for differences in national and regional levels of missing data, measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modelling uncertainty. Setting and population Global adult population, by age, sex, country, and time. Results In 2010, global saturated fat consumption was 9.4%E (95%UI=9.2 to 9.5); country-specific intakes varied dramatically from 2.3 to 27.5%E; in 75 of 187 countries representing 61.8% of the world’s adult population, the mean intake was <10%E. Country-specific omega 6 consumption ranged from 1.2 to 12.5%E (global mean=5.9%E); corresponding range was 0.2 to 6.5%E (1.4%E) for trans fat; 97 to 440 mg/day (228 mg/day) for dietary cholesterol; 5 to 3,886 mg/day (163 mg/day) for seafood omega 3; and <100 to 5,542 mg/day (1,371 mg/day) for plant omega 3. Countries representing 52.4% of the global population had national mean intakes for omega 6 fat ≥5%E; corresponding proportions meeting optimal intakes were 0.6% for trans fat (≤0.5%E); 87.6% for dietary cholesterol (<300 mg/day); 18.9% for seafood omega 3 fat (≥250 mg/day); and 43.9% for plant omega 3 fat (≥1,100 mg/day). Trans fat intakes were generally higher at younger ages; and dietary cholesterol and seafood omega 3 fats generally higher at older ages. Intakes were similar by sex. Between 1990 and 2010, global saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, and trans fat intakes remained stable, while omega 6, seafood omega 3, and plant omega 3 fat intakes each increased. Conclusions These novel global data on dietary fats and oils identify dramatic diversity across nations and inform policies and priorities for improving global health.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Bayesian analysis</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Diet - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Diversity</subject><subject>Fats</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Global Health - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutrition Surveys - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Oils</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Seafood</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>1756-1833</issn><issn>0959-8146</issn><issn>1756-1833</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>9YT</sourceid><sourceid>ACMMV</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNktuK1TAUhosozmacCx9ACeiFgh1zaE5eCMOgozDgjV6XNE232bTJNmk39Hl80VntHscDKOYmh__jX1mLvygeE3xOCBOvm2F3vqVU0nvFhkguSqIYu19ssOa6VISpk-Is5x3GmDKptOAPixNaSSYoFpvi-1UfG9O_QsltfQzLyYQWBTOuN2RjyNOwX26odwfXZxQ71Ho3mjSjzox55aMHwQdEtMbrA8UEv0EG5TmPbgA3C8-mn7NfONtPrQ9bRIWAClMY01zmvbO-Ay5MY_JrwTylg5vzo-JBZ_rszm730-LL-3efLz-U15-uPl5eXJcNV2QsHWeNgIm00GPDNWaSk6rBlbC2IZJK1XRKGOm0bVRlWGU7abnlTDNhuJOWnRZvj777qRlcax38y_T1PvkBmq2j8fXvSvBf62081EwriTkFgxe3Bil-m1we68Fn6_reBBenXBNeES05U_g_UCKZ1poxQJ_9ge7ilGCYQMllMQLsvyhOeSUgGhyol0fKpphzct1ddwTXS5xqiFO9xgnYp7-O4478ER4AnhyBXR5j-qkLmDss0J8f9cXz73VuANO42vk</recordid><startdate>20140415</startdate><enddate>20140415</enddate><creator>Micha, Renata</creator><creator>Khatibzadeh, Shahab</creator><creator>Shi, Peilin</creator><creator>Fahimi, Saman</creator><creator>Lim, Stephen</creator><creator>Andrews, Kathryn G</creator><creator>Engell, Rebecca E</creator><creator>Powles, John</creator><creator>Ezzati, Majid</creator><creator>Mozaffarian, Dariush</creator><general>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><scope>9YT</scope><scope>ACMMV</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140415</creationdate><title>Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys</title><author>Micha, Renata ; Khatibzadeh, Shahab ; Shi, Peilin ; Fahimi, Saman ; Lim, Stephen ; Andrews, Kathryn G ; Engell, Rebecca E ; Powles, John ; Ezzati, Majid ; Mozaffarian, Dariush</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b581t-e53b6136d965b59037514b046ccb17278bf86a7e9cb84a34cf7c5c53936a5e7c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Bayesian analysis</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Diet - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Diversity</topic><topic>Fats</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Global Health - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Nutrition Surveys - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Oils</topic><topic>Oils & fats</topic><topic>Polls & surveys</topic><topic>Seafood</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Micha, Renata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khatibzadeh, Shahab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Peilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fahimi, Saman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lim, Stephen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrews, Kathryn G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engell, Rebecca E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Powles, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezzati, Majid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mozaffarian, Dariush</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group NutriCoDE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)</creatorcontrib><collection>BMJ Open Access Journals</collection><collection>BMJ Journals:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMJ (Online)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Micha, Renata</au><au>Khatibzadeh, Shahab</au><au>Shi, Peilin</au><au>Fahimi, Saman</au><au>Lim, Stephen</au><au>Andrews, Kathryn G</au><au>Engell, Rebecca E</au><au>Powles, John</au><au>Ezzati, Majid</au><au>Mozaffarian, Dariush</au><aucorp>Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)</aucorp><aucorp>Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group NutriCoDE</aucorp><aucorp>on behalf of the Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys</atitle><jtitle>BMJ (Online)</jtitle><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><date>2014-04-15</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>348</volume><issue>7954</issue><spage>g2272</spage><epage>g2272</epage><pages>g2272-g2272</pages><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>1756-1833</issn><issn>0959-8146</issn><eissn>1756-1833</eissn><coden>BMJOAE</coden><abstract>Objectives To quantify global consumption of key dietary fats and oils by country, age, and sex in 1990 and 2010. Design Data were identified, obtained, and assessed among adults in 16 age- and sex-specific groups from dietary surveys worldwide on saturated, omega 6, seafood omega 3, plant omega 3, and trans fats, and dietary cholesterol. We included 266 surveys in adults (83% nationally representative) comprising 1 630 069 unique individuals, representing 113 of 187 countries and 82% of the global population. A multilevel hierarchical Bayesian model accounted for differences in national and regional levels of missing data, measurement incomparability, study representativeness, and sampling and modelling uncertainty. Setting and population Global adult population, by age, sex, country, and time. Results In 2010, global saturated fat consumption was 9.4%E (95%UI=9.2 to 9.5); country-specific intakes varied dramatically from 2.3 to 27.5%E; in 75 of 187 countries representing 61.8% of the world’s adult population, the mean intake was <10%E. Country-specific omega 6 consumption ranged from 1.2 to 12.5%E (global mean=5.9%E); corresponding range was 0.2 to 6.5%E (1.4%E) for trans fat; 97 to 440 mg/day (228 mg/day) for dietary cholesterol; 5 to 3,886 mg/day (163 mg/day) for seafood omega 3; and <100 to 5,542 mg/day (1,371 mg/day) for plant omega 3. Countries representing 52.4% of the global population had national mean intakes for omega 6 fat ≥5%E; corresponding proportions meeting optimal intakes were 0.6% for trans fat (≤0.5%E); 87.6% for dietary cholesterol (<300 mg/day); 18.9% for seafood omega 3 fat (≥250 mg/day); and 43.9% for plant omega 3 fat (≥1,100 mg/day). Trans fat intakes were generally higher at younger ages; and dietary cholesterol and seafood omega 3 fats generally higher at older ages. Intakes were similar by sex. Between 1990 and 2010, global saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, and trans fat intakes remained stable, while omega 6, seafood omega 3, and plant omega 3 fat intakes each increased. Conclusions These novel global data on dietary fats and oils identify dramatic diversity across nations and inform policies and priorities for improving global health.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</pub><pmid>24736206</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmj.g2272</doi><tpages>1</tpages><edition>International edition</edition><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0959-8138 |
| ispartof | BMJ (Online), 2014-04, Vol.348 (7954), p.g2272-g2272 |
| issn | 0959-8138 1756-1833 0959-8146 1756-1833 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3987052 |
| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; BMJ Journals - NESLi2 |
| subjects | Adult Age Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Bayesian analysis Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Cholesterol, Dietary - administration & dosage Chronic illnesses Consumption Diet - statistics & numerical data Dietary Fats - administration & dosage Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage Diversity Fats Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage Fatty Acids, Omega-6 - administration & dosage Female Global Health - statistics & numerical data Health risk assessment Humans Male Medical research Middle Aged Mortality Nutrition Nutrition Surveys - statistics & numerical data Oils Oils & fats Polls & surveys Seafood Sex Sex Factors Studies Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage Young Adult |
| title | Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-08T16%3A27%3A49IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Global,%20regional,%20and%20national%20consumption%20levels%20of%20dietary%20fats%20and%20oils%20in%201990%20and%202010:%20a%20systematic%20analysis%20including%20266%20country-specific%20nutrition%20surveys&rft.jtitle=BMJ%20(Online)&rft.au=Micha,%20Renata&rft.aucorp=Global%20Burden%20of%20Diseases%20Nutrition%20and%20Chronic%20Diseases%20Expert%20Group%20(NutriCoDE)&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft.volume=348&rft.issue=7954&rft.spage=g2272&rft.epage=g2272&rft.pages=g2272-g2272&rft.issn=0959-8138&rft.eissn=1756-1833&rft.coden=BMJOAE&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136/bmj.g2272&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_pubme%3E26514444%3C/jstor_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1777773117&rft_id=info:pmid/24736206&rft_jstor_id=26514444&rfr_iscdi=true |