Pain attenuation through mindfulness is associated with decreased cognitive control and increased sensory processing in the brain
Pain can be modulated by several cognitive techniques, typically involving increased cognitive control and decreased sensory processing. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pain can also be attenuated by mindfulness. Here, we investigate the underlying brain mechanisms by which the state of mind...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) N.Y. 1991), 2012-11, Vol.22 (11), p.2692-2702 |
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| container_title | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) |
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| creator | Gard, Tim Hölzel, Britta K Sack, Alexander T Hempel, Hannes Lazar, Sara W Vaitl, Dieter Ott, Ulrich |
| description | Pain can be modulated by several cognitive techniques, typically involving increased cognitive control and decreased sensory processing. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pain can also be attenuated by mindfulness. Here, we investigate the underlying brain mechanisms by which the state of mindfulness reduces pain. Mindfulness practitioners and controls received unpleasant electric stimuli in the functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner during a mindfulness and a control condition. Mindfulness practitioners, but not controls, were able to reduce pain unpleasantness by 22% and anticipatory anxiety by 29% during a mindful state. In the brain, this reduction was associated with decreased activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the right posterior insula during stimulation and increased rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during the anticipation of pain. These findings reveal a unique mechanism of pain modulation, comprising increased sensory processing and decreased cognitive control, and are in sharp contrast to established pain modulation mechanisms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/cercor/bhr352 |
| format | Article |
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Recently, it has been demonstrated that pain can also be attenuated by mindfulness. Here, we investigate the underlying brain mechanisms by which the state of mindfulness reduces pain. Mindfulness practitioners and controls received unpleasant electric stimuli in the functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner during a mindfulness and a control condition. Mindfulness practitioners, but not controls, were able to reduce pain unpleasantness by 22% and anticipatory anxiety by 29% during a mindful state. In the brain, this reduction was associated with decreased activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the right posterior insula during stimulation and increased rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during the anticipation of pain. These findings reveal a unique mechanism of pain modulation, comprising increased sensory processing and decreased cognitive control, and are in sharp contrast to established pain modulation mechanisms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1047-3211</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2199</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr352</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22172578</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anticipation, Psychological - physiology ; Anxiety - psychology ; Behavior - physiology ; Brain - physiopathology ; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology ; Cognition - physiology ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mental Healing - psychology ; Pain - physiopathology ; Pain Management - adverse effects ; Pain Management - methods ; Pain Management - psychology ; Pain Measurement ; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology ; Sensation - physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology ; Thalamus - physiopathology</subject><ispartof>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991), 2012-11, Vol.22 (11), p.2692-2702</ispartof><rights>The Author 2011. 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For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-14ed264234be1964870990812c8cb5d3e6965e4b755b2ae3322432f10b66207c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-14ed264234be1964870990812c8cb5d3e6965e4b755b2ae3322432f10b66207c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22172578$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gard, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hölzel, Britta K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sack, Alexander T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hempel, Hannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lazar, Sara W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaitl, Dieter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ott, Ulrich</creatorcontrib><title>Pain attenuation through mindfulness is associated with decreased cognitive control and increased sensory processing in the brain</title><title>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</title><addtitle>Cereb Cortex</addtitle><description>Pain can be modulated by several cognitive techniques, typically involving increased cognitive control and decreased sensory processing. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pain can also be attenuated by mindfulness. Here, we investigate the underlying brain mechanisms by which the state of mindfulness reduces pain. Mindfulness practitioners and controls received unpleasant electric stimuli in the functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner during a mindfulness and a control condition. Mindfulness practitioners, but not controls, were able to reduce pain unpleasantness by 22% and anticipatory anxiety by 29% during a mindful state. In the brain, this reduction was associated with decreased activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the right posterior insula during stimulation and increased rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during the anticipation of pain. These findings reveal a unique mechanism of pain modulation, comprising increased sensory processing and decreased cognitive control, and are in sharp contrast to established pain modulation mechanisms.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anticipation, Psychological - physiology</subject><subject>Anxiety - psychology</subject><subject>Behavior - physiology</subject><subject>Brain - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Data Interpretation, Statistical</subject><subject>Echo-Planar Imaging</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation Therapy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental Healing - psychology</subject><subject>Pain - physiopathology</subject><subject>Pain Management - adverse effects</subject><subject>Pain Management - methods</subject><subject>Pain Management - psychology</subject><subject>Pain Measurement</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Sensation - physiology</subject><subject>Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Thalamus - physiopathology</subject><issn>1047-3211</issn><issn>1460-2199</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkb1vHCEQxVGUKP5IyrQRZZq1YWBhaSJFVr4kS05h14hl526J9uACrCOX-c-DdbaVVK546P30ZkaPkHecnXFmxLnH7FM-H-csenhBjrlUrANuzMummdSdAM6PyEkpPxnjGnp4TY4A7pUejsmfHy5E6mrFuLoaUqR1zmndznQX4rRZl4il0FCoKyX54CpO9HeoM53QZ3SlfX3axlDDLTYVa04LdXGiIT76BWNJ-Y7uc_ItLMRtM9sYpGNuw9-QVxu3FHz78J6Smy-fry--dZdXX79ffLrsvARWOy5xAiVByBG5UXLQzBg2cPCDH_tJoDKqRznqvh_BoRAAUsCGs1EpYNqLU_LxkLtfxx1OHtuubrH7HHYu39nkgv3fiWG223RrhVGD4LIFfHgIyOnXiqXaXSgel8VFTGuxDZEMNGj1PMpML3sppW5od0B9TqVk3DxtxNk9J-yhYXtouPHv_z3jiX6sVPwFedem0g</recordid><startdate>20121101</startdate><enddate>20121101</enddate><creator>Gard, Tim</creator><creator>Hölzel, Britta K</creator><creator>Sack, Alexander T</creator><creator>Hempel, Hannes</creator><creator>Lazar, Sara W</creator><creator>Vaitl, Dieter</creator><creator>Ott, Ulrich</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20121101</creationdate><title>Pain attenuation through mindfulness is associated with decreased cognitive control and increased sensory processing in the brain</title><author>Gard, Tim ; Hölzel, Britta K ; Sack, Alexander T ; Hempel, Hannes ; Lazar, Sara W ; Vaitl, Dieter ; Ott, Ulrich</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c420t-14ed264234be1964870990812c8cb5d3e6965e4b755b2ae3322432f10b66207c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anticipation, Psychological - physiology</topic><topic>Anxiety - psychology</topic><topic>Behavior - physiology</topic><topic>Brain - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Data Interpretation, Statistical</topic><topic>Echo-Planar Imaging</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation Therapy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental Healing - psychology</topic><topic>Pain - physiopathology</topic><topic>Pain Management - adverse effects</topic><topic>Pain Management - methods</topic><topic>Pain Management - psychology</topic><topic>Pain Measurement</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Sensation - physiology</topic><topic>Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Thalamus - physiopathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gard, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hölzel, Britta K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sack, Alexander T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hempel, Hannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lazar, Sara W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaitl, Dieter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ott, Ulrich</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gard, Tim</au><au>Hölzel, Britta K</au><au>Sack, Alexander T</au><au>Hempel, Hannes</au><au>Lazar, Sara W</au><au>Vaitl, Dieter</au><au>Ott, Ulrich</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pain attenuation through mindfulness is associated with decreased cognitive control and increased sensory processing in the brain</atitle><jtitle>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</jtitle><addtitle>Cereb Cortex</addtitle><date>2012-11-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>2692</spage><epage>2702</epage><pages>2692-2702</pages><issn>1047-3211</issn><eissn>1460-2199</eissn><abstract>Pain can be modulated by several cognitive techniques, typically involving increased cognitive control and decreased sensory processing. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pain can also be attenuated by mindfulness. Here, we investigate the underlying brain mechanisms by which the state of mindfulness reduces pain. Mindfulness practitioners and controls received unpleasant electric stimuli in the functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner during a mindfulness and a control condition. Mindfulness practitioners, but not controls, were able to reduce pain unpleasantness by 22% and anticipatory anxiety by 29% during a mindful state. In the brain, this reduction was associated with decreased activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the right posterior insula during stimulation and increased rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation during the anticipation of pain. 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| identifier | ISSN: 1047-3211 |
| ispartof | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991), 2012-11, Vol.22 (11), p.2692-2702 |
| issn | 1047-3211 1460-2199 |
| language | eng |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Anticipation, Psychological - physiology Anxiety - psychology Behavior - physiology Brain - physiopathology Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology Cognition - physiology Data Interpretation, Statistical Echo-Planar Imaging Electric Stimulation Therapy Female Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Mental Healing - psychology Pain - physiopathology Pain Management - adverse effects Pain Management - methods Pain Management - psychology Pain Measurement Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Sensation - physiology Somatosensory Cortex - physiopathology Thalamus - physiopathology |
| title | Pain attenuation through mindfulness is associated with decreased cognitive control and increased sensory processing in the brain |
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